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1.
MR imaging of pituitary hyperplasia in a child with growth arrest and primary hypothyroidism 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Papakonstantinou O Bitsori M Mamoulakis D Bakantaki A Papadaki E Gourtsoyiannis N 《European radiology》2000,10(3):516-518
Magnetic resonance imaging of pituitary hyperplasia has been rarely described in children with primary hypothyroidism. We
report a case of pituitary hyperplasia in a child presented with significant growth arrest and laboratory evidence of hypothyroidism.
Magnetic resonance imaging revealed symmetrical pituitary enlargement simulating macroadenoma. After thyroid hormone replacement
therapy, the child's height increased and pituitary enlargement regressed to normal. Awareness of MRI appearance of pituitary
hyperplasia in children with laboratory evidence of hypothyroidism might avoid misdiagnosis for pituitary tumor, which may
also manifest as growth disorder, obviating unnecessary surgery.
Received: 4 March 1999; Revision received: 4 June 1999; Accepted: 7 June 1999 相似文献
2.
Compressive vertebral haemangiomas (VHs) are rare. Correct preoperative diagnosis is useful both for operative planning (since
compressive VHs are extremely vascular lesions) and to allow preoperative embolisation. Numerous radiological signs for VHs
have been described, but compressive VHs frequently have atypical features. In particular, magnetic resonance features are
not well established. We present imaging features in three cases of compressive VH and review the imaging findings in an additional
106 previously published cases. Findings were typical in 52 of 80 plain film (65 %), 33 of 41 computed tomography (80 %) and
13 of 25 magnetic resonance examinations (52 %). The prevalence of previously described imaging features is reported. Awareness
of the range of magnetic resonance features is important since this is frequently the initial investigation in patients presenting
with symptoms of neural compression. Since computed tomography is typical in 80 % of cases, this is a useful confirmatory
test if magnetic resonance features are suspicious but not diagnostic of compressive VH.
Received: 6 August 1999; Revised: 4 November 1999; Accepted: 4 November 1999 相似文献
3.
MR urography in children: current status and future development 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
The normal anatomy and many pathologies of the pediatric genitourinary system can be assessed with different imaging modalities.
Most of them are based on the use of ionizing radiation and/or invasive techniques. The contribution of magnetic resonance
imaging in this regard has opened new ways of approaching pathological conditions in this patient group. The addition of the
newly developed rapid techniques has enhanced the superiority of MRI, and both morphological and functional evaluation of
the genitourinary system can be achieved. There are different factors on which rely the optimization and the efficiency of
magnetic resonance urography (MRU). Of importance is adequate patient immobilization and the use of optimal imaging sequences.
The rapid technical development, including the advent of the post-processing respiratory navigator, allows acquisition of
high-quality images independent of the patient's respiratory rate. In the future, it is expected that MRU, due to its non-use
of ionizing radiation, will become the most important tool in the diagnostic work-up of genitourinary pathologies in infants
and small children.
Received: 1 June 1999; Revision received: 9 August 1999; Accepted: 11 August 1999 相似文献
4.
Mediastinal myelolipoma: CT and MRI appearances 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kawanami S Watanabe H Aoki T Nakata H Hayashi T Kido M Tsukada J Eto S 《European radiology》2000,10(4):691-693
A 72-year-old man presented with a mediastinal mass on chest radiograph. Computed tomography and MR imaging showed that the
mass consisted of both fatty and small nodular soft tissue components, highly suggestive of an extramedullary hematopoiesis
or a myelolipoma. A CT-guided needle biopsy was next performed and confirmed the diagnosis. We discuss the CT and MR imaging
appearances of this tumor and usefulness of a CT-guided needle biopsy to avoid surgery in asymptomatic patients.
Received: 8 March 1999; Revised: 23 June 1999; Accepted: 25 June 1999 相似文献
5.
Tumors of the cardiac valves: imaging findings in magnetic resonance imaging, electron beam computed tomography, and echocardiography 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Wintersperger BJ Becker CR Gulbins H Knez A Bruening R Heuck A Reiser MF 《European radiology》2000,10(3):443-449
We describe the findings from various cross-sectional imaging modalities in patients with cardiac valve adherent masses.
The techniques are discussed, and imaging findings are compared with the results of cardiac surgery. All three patients had
neurological symptoms and/or cardiac murmurs. Transthoracic and/or transesophageal echocardiography revealed the cardiac mass
in all three. For differentiation of thrombus and cardiac neoplasm magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was also performed in
all three patients and electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT) in two. Fast segmented cine gradient-echo MRI techniques provided
mass depiction in all patients, while T1-weighted spin-echo imaging failed in mass detection in one patient. None of the patients
showed evidence of valve regurgitation or stenosis in flow sensitive cine MRI. EBCT excluded mass calcifications in both patients
and reliably demonstrated the valve attached lesions. Although echocardiography is the modality of choice in evaluating cardiac
masses and especially valve attached masses, MRI and EBCT provide additional information about tissue characteristics and
allows an excellent overview of the cardiac and paracardiac morphology. Fast segmented cine gradient-echo MRI is especially
able to depict even small tumors attached to rapidly moving cardiac valves, and valve competence can be easily assessed within
the same examination.
Received: 17 December 1998; Revision received: 1 June 1999; Accepted: 10 August 1999 相似文献
6.
Petit P Vivarrat-Perrin L Champsaur P Juhan V Chagnaud C Vidal V Gaubert JY Bartoli JM Dessi P Zanaret M Moulin G 《European radiology》2000,10(7):1184-1189
The aim of this study was to describe cross-sectional imaging features of recurrent papilloma of the nasal fossa and paranasal
sinuses and to evaluate the role of MR and CT in the postoperative follow-up of this lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging and
CT of ten patients who presented recurrence of inverted papilloma were reviewed and correlated to initial imaging, endoscopy,
and surgical reports. Imaging patterns of recurrent inverted papilloma are identical to those of initial tumors and recurrence
location is closely related to the site of the former lesion. Magnetic resonance is more efficient than CT for the diagnosis
and evaluation of extensions. Magnetic resonance supplies the deficiencies of endoscopy in case of extensions to the frontal
sinus or the lateral recess of the antrum, especially if mucosal hyperplasia or sinusitis is associated. Magnetic resonance
imaging is the first imaging modality to perform in the follow-up after removal of inverted papilloma.
Received: 28 April 1999; Revised: 18 November 1999; Accepted: 19 November 1999 相似文献
7.
MR imaging of lumbar facet joint synovial cysts 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The increasing application of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the spine has raised the awareness of lumbar facet synovial
cysts (LFSC). This well recognised, yet uncommon condition, presents with low back pain and radiculopathy due to the presence
of an extradural mass. The commonest affected level is L4/5 with a mild degenerative spondylolisthesis a frequent associated
finding. MR imaging is the technique of choice to detect and diagnose a LFSC. This pictorial essay, drawing on experience
of 43 cases seen in 40 patients, illustrates the spectrum of appearances that can be encountered and suggest differing causes
for the variable signal characteristics exhibited. Computed tomography (CT) can be of value in some cases to aid interpretation
of the MR images. In addition, CT facet arthrography by injection of air or iodinated non-ionic contrast medium may be used
to confirm the diagnosis in doubtful cases as well as noting whether the patients presenting symptoms can be provoked. A comprehensive
review of the existing literature is presented.
Received: 22 September 1998; Revised: 29 June 1999; Accepted: 30 June 1999 相似文献
8.
Role of radiology in the diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Clinical studies report a rate of 5 % and autopsy results a rate of 25 % of brain involvement in sarcoidosis. The aim of
this study was to evaluate the role of radiology in the diagnosis of patients with neurosarcoidosis. The chest radiographs
and MRI brain scans of 22 patients with sarcoidosis were retrospectively reviewed, along with the information that was provided
in the request form and clinical charts. All patients had neurological signs and symptoms; 21 patients were examined with
contrast enhancement. Facial nerve paralysis was the most common clinical manifestation identified in 10 patients. A wide
spectrum of MR findings was noted: periventricular high-signal lesions on T2-weighted images (46 %); multiple supratentorial
and infratentorial brain lesions (36 %); solitary intra-axial mass (9 %); solitary extra-axial mass (5 %); and leptomeningeal
enhancement (36 %). Neurological signs and symptoms can be significant manifestations of sarcoidosis. Magnetic resonance imaging
shows a wide spectrum of brain abnormalities associated with neurosarcoidosis. The patient's history and chest X-ray are helpful
in arriving at the correct diagnosis, but in selected cases with isolated brain involvement biopsy may still be required.
Received: 21 June 1999; Revised: 27 August 1999; Accepted: 15 October 1999 相似文献
9.
The purpose of this study was to determine the value of MR imaging for the demonstration of masses in the tongue and floor
of the mouth. Nine patients were prospectively examined with MR imaging after physical examination. Imaging protocol included
T2 and contrast-enhanced and non-contrast-enhanced T1-weighted turbo spin-echo sequences, and the findings were compared with
surgical and histopathological results. Histopathological examination revealed four squamous cell carcinomas, one adenoid
cystic carcinoma, two tongue abscesses, and one chronic inflammatory change. The other case was diagnosed as hemangioma depending
on clinical and imaging findings alone. In cases with squamous cell carcinoma, staging was done on the basis of MR imaging
findings, and was found to be T4 in two cases, T3 in one case, and T2 in another. The primary role of MR imaging of the tongue
and oropharynx is not to make a tissue diagnosis. Multiple deep biopsies are mandatory for the differentiation of other inflammatory
and neoplastic lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging produces coronal and sagittal image planes to assess the volume and spread
of the lesion and helps the surgeon determine the direction in which the biopsy should be performed.
Received: 4 October 1999; Revised: 31 January 2000; Accepted: 6 April 2000 相似文献
10.
Congenital abnormality of the aortic arch is a diagnosis made most of the time incidentally in childhood, unless dysphagia
or respiratory disorders occur before. A case of a complex aortic arch anomaly with an aneurysm of the right subclavian artery
presenting as an isolated Horner's syndrome in an adult is reported herein. Magnetic resonance imaging led to this very unusual
diagnosis.
Received: 17 March 1999; Revised: 15 July 1999; Accepted: 13 August 1999 相似文献
11.
Maleux G van Steenbergen W Stockx L Vanbeckevoort D Wilms G Marchal G 《European radiology》2000,10(7):1127-1129
We report a case of retroperitoneal hemorrhage due to multiple, small pseudoaneurysms complicating a chronic alcoholic pancreatitis.
Cross-sectional imaging with CT and US could not clearly depict these vascular lesions. Selective arteriography of the superior
mesenteric and gastroduodenal arteries clearly showed the small pseudoaneurysms and definitive treatment was performed by
transcatheter embolization using coils. Eight months after successful embolization, the patient is asymptomatic without any
recurrent bleeding.
Received: 18 June 1999; Revised: 13 October 1999; Accepted: 15 October 1999 相似文献
12.
Two-dimensional thick-slice MR digital subtraction angiography for assessment of cerebrovascular occlusive diseases 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Aoki S Yoshikawa T Hori M Ishigame K Nambu A Kumagai H Araki T 《European radiology》2000,10(12):1858-1864
Although spatial resolution of current MR angiography is excellent, temporal resolution has remained unsatisfactory. We evaluated
clinical applicability of 2D thick-slice, contrast-enhanced subtraction MR angiography (2D-MR digital subtraction angiography)
with sub-second temporal resolution in cerebrovascular occlusive diseases. Twenty-five patients with cerebrovascular occlusive
diseases (8 moyamoya diseases, 10 proximal internal carotid occlusions, and 2 sinus thromboses ) were studied with a 1.5-T
MR unit. The MR digital subtraction angiography (MRDSA) was performed per 0.97 s continuously just after a bolus injection
of 15 ml of gadolinium chelates up to 40 s in sagittal (covering hemisphere) or coronal planes. Subtraction images were generated
at a workstation. We evaluated imaging quality and hemodynamic information of MRDSA in comparison with those of routine MR
imaging, non-contrast MR angiography, and X-ray intra-arterial DSA. Major cerebral arteries, all of the venous sinuses, and
most tributaries were clearly visualized with 2D MRDSA. Also, pure arterial phases were obtained in all cases. The MRDSA technique
demonstrated prolonged circulation in sinus thromboses, distal patent lumen of proximal occlusion, and some collateral circulation.
Such hemodynamic information was comparable to that of intra-arterial DSA. Two-dimensional thick-slice MRDSA with high temporal
resolution has a unique ability to demonstrate cerebral hemodynamics equivalent to that of intra-arterial DSA and may play
an important role for evaluation of cerebrovascular occlusive diseases.
Received: 16 November 1999; Revised: 27 June 2000; Accepted: 29 June 2000 相似文献
13.
Colour Doppler US is well established for imaging of hepatic vessels in the assessment of pre- and post-liver transplant
patients. Unfortunately, a full colour Doppler US examination of the portal or hepatic venous and hepatic arterial systems
is frequently precluded by technical factors. Ultrasound contrast agents are useful in enhancing vascular Doppler signal and
play an important role in liver transplantation assessment. A series of patients with vascular problems illustrates the role
of US contrast in the pre-transplant candidate, where portal vein patency and direction of flow is assessed, presence of portal
vein thrombus is confirmed and cavernous transformation demonstrated. Occlusion of hepatic veins in Budd-Chiari syndrome is
confidently confirmed. Following liver transplantation, US contrast allows a comprehensive assessment of hepatic artery thrombosis,
hepatic artery stenosis and pseudoaneurysm formation. The need for further imaging is reduced or confidently deferred in many
instances. Ultrasound contrast agents play an important role in the liver transplant candidate.
Received: 15 April 1999; Revised: 21 June 1999; Accepted: 22 June 1999 相似文献
14.
Hottya GA Péterfy CG Uffmann M Häckl FO LeHir P Rédei J Gindele AU Dion E Genant HK 《European radiology》2000,10(3):467-475
The purpose of this review is to provide illustrative examples of diseases of the foot and ankle when imaged with a low-field
MR imaging system. A retrospective review of 268 foot and ankle examinations, performed in our institution within the past
3 years with a 0.2-T (Artoscan Esaote, Genoa, Italy) dedicated extremity MR system was done. Additionally, illustrative comparison
with conventional radiography and high-field MR imaging is presented in patients in whom these examinations were also performed.
Although motion artifact limited the value of a few studies, in the majority of examinations low-field MR imaging provided
diagnostic image quality for the full spectrum of disorders affecting the foot and ankle and seemed to be a feasible alternative
to high-field MR imaging in establishing an accurate diagnosis.
Received: 23 November 1998; Revision received: 8 February 1999; Accepted: 4 June 1999 相似文献
15.
We report an 8-month-old infant presenting with stridor caused by a nonpalpable neck mass discovered at imaging and surgery.
The diagnosis of aberrant thymic tissue was confirmed at histopathology. The authors reviewed the literature and discuss the
embryology, imaging findings and differential diagnosis of this rare disorder.
Received: 1 July 1999; Revised: 3 September 1999; Accepted: 6 September 1999 相似文献
16.
A series of moyamoya patients is presented. Angiographic findings, outcome of revascularization surgery and a young case
with moyamoya disease and hyperphosphatemia are reported. Thirteen patients (6 males and 7 females; age range 2–50 years)
were included in the study group. Findings of the patients at presentation were intracranial haemorrhage in two adult cases
and sequelae of cerebral ischemia in the rest of the group. One young girl had hyperphosphataemia. Angiography showed distal
internal carotid or proximal anterior and middle cerebral artery stenosis, unique collaterals, microaneurysm of the posterior
lateral choroidal artery and flow-related changes in the posterior circulation. In 3 patients, encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis
(EDAS) and burrholes were performed at surgery. Follow-up angiograms of these patients showed revascularization. Moyamoya,
a rare but potentially devastating disease, must be addressed as a cause of haemorrhagic and ischaemic cerebral events.
Received: 19 January 1999; Revised: 14 April 1999; Accepted: 17 May 1999 相似文献
17.
Schneider G Uder M Altmeyer K Bonkhoff H Gruber M Kramann B 《European radiology》2000,10(9):1395-1400
We report a case of littoral cell angioma (LCA) of the spleen, a recently described splenic pathology, which imaging characteristics
and pathologic morphology have been discussed only by a few authors. The imaging findings in unenhanced and contrast-enhanced
MRI and CT as well as histologic specimen are presented. Diagnosis was made after elective splenectomy. Differential diagnosis
of splenic tumors as well as the imaging findings in this particular case are discussed.
Received: 7 July 1999; Revised: 18 January 2000; Accepted: 19 January 2000 相似文献
18.
A longitudinal insufficiency fracture of the tibia in association with a healed chronic osteomyelitis 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Feydy A Carlier R Mutschler C Bernard L Leriverend V Vallée C 《European radiology》2000,10(12):1929-1931
Longitudinal stress fracture of the tibia often present with an atypical clinical presentation which can be mistaken for
osseous tumor or osteomyelitis. We present a case of longitudinal stress fracture of the tibia which occurred in a patient
with healed chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia. Magnetic resonance imaging failed to make the correct diagnosis. Accurate
diagnosis was only obtained by helical CT which showed the longitudinal fracture line. Magnetic resonance imaging showed only
non-specific signs of bone marrow edema, suggesting recurrence of osteomyelitis. Magnetic resonance imaging can be misleading
in the absence of direct visualization of the fracture line.
Received: 30 September 1999; Revised: 26 April 2000; Accepted: 2 May 2000 相似文献
19.
MRI in the diagnosis of small bowel disease: use of positive and negative oral contrast media in combination with enteroclysis 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
Rieber A Aschoff A Nüssle K Wruk D Tomczak R Reinshagen M Adler G Brambs HJ 《European radiology》2000,10(9):1377-1382
The aim of the study was to evaluate the additional findings of MRI following small bowel enteroclysis and to compare the
efficacy of negative and positive intraluminal contrast agents. Fifty patients with inflammatory or tumorous small bowel disease
were investigated by small bowel enteroclysis and consecutive MRI using breathhold protocol (T1-weighted fast low-angle shot,
T2-weighted turbo spin echo). Patients were randomly assigned to either receiving a positive oral (Magnevist, Schering, Berlin,
Germany) or a negative oral MR contrast media (Abdoscan, Nycomed, Oslo, Norway). The pattern of contrast distribution, the
contrast effect, presence of artifacts, as well as bowel wall and extraluminal changes, were determined and compared between
the contrast type using Fischer's exact test. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy for MRI and enteroclysis were
calculated. Twenty-seven patients had clinically proven Crohn's disease and two patients surgically proven small bowel tumours.
Magnetic resonance imaging had important additional findings as abscesses and fistulae in 20 patients. Surgically compared
sensitivities were 100 and 0 % for MRI and enteroclysis, for the detection of abscesses, and 83.3 and 17 % for the diagnosis
of fistulae, respectively. Bowel wall thickening was more reliably detected with use of positive oral contrast media without
intravenous enhancement (p < 0.001), whereas postcontrast negative oral contrast media allow for a superior detection (p < 0.001). T2-weighted sequences were necessary with use of negative oral contrast media, because loop abscesses may be masked.
Magnetic resonance imaging should be performed in all patients with suspicion of extraintestinal complications, because the
complications are more reliably detected by MRI. Negative oral contrast media show advantages with the use of intravenous
contrast but can mask loop abscesses using only T1-weighted imaging.
Received: 5 March 1999; Revised: 21 September 1999; Accepted: 3 February 2000 相似文献
20.
Savnik A Amris K Røgind H Prip K Danneskiold-Samsøe B Bojsen-Møller F Bartels EM Bliddal H Boesen J Egund N 《European radiology》2000,10(10):1655-1659
Falanga is an ancient form of punishment or torture but is still commonly reported by our refugees. The late result of caning
the heel and ball of the foot is a chronic painful condition with few clinical signs. The aim of the present study was to
assess, by MRI, possible morphologic characteristics of the heel and ball of the foot, related to falanga and pain in correlation
to clinical findings. Magnetic resonance imaging of the foot was obtained in 12 victims exposed to falanga torture and 9 healthy
volunteers. Sagittal T1-weighted spin-echo images (TR 616–840 ms, TE 20 ms), T2-weighted spin-echo images (TR 1900 ms, TE
90 ms), and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) images (TR 1200 ms, TE 15 ms, TI 100 ms) were performed. The central portion
of the plantar aponeurosis was generally significantly thicker in victims exposed to falanga torture as compared with that
of controls (P < 0.05). In all except one of the victims, MRI demonstrated two layers of the thickened plantar aponeurosis: a deeper portion
with normal homogeneous low signal intensity (SI) appearance, and a superficial layer with characteristic areas of mixed SI
on both T1- and T2-weighted images. There were no signs of chronic muscular compartment syndromes, and the thickness of the
plantar pad did not differ between the two groups. Magnetic resonance imaging may demonstrate morphologic characteristics
of the plantar aponeurosis which may confirm falanga torture. Further imaging with more specific sequences is warranted to
demonstrate the supposed injuries in the compartmental fat tissue chambers and the vascularity of the ball pad of the foot.
Received: 25 November 1999; Revised: 8 February 2000; Accepted: 6 April 2000 相似文献