多层螺旋CT在Peutz-Jeghers综合征诊断中的应用

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT在Peutz-Jeghers综合征诊断中的价值。方法：对6例临床怀疑Peutz-Jehers综合征患者进行多层螺旋CT扫描（平扫和动态强化扫描），对其轴位图像和重建的4-D、最大密度投影及仿真内窥镜图像进行观察分析，分别对各病例进行诊断。结果：6例患者中4例MSCT发现胃、小肠及结肠多发息肉，2例患者只发现空肠和回肠内多发息肉，MSCT诊断为Peutz-Jeghers综合征4例，另外2例诊断为家族性腺瘤性息肉病（FAP），MSCT诊断Peutz-Jeghers综合征的敏感性为100％，特异性为66．67％。结论：MSCT对Peutz-Jeghers综合征诊断准确性高，具有独特的优越性。     

Budd-Chiari综合征下腔静脉病变的多排螺旋CT诊断

目的探讨Budd-Chiari综合征(BCS)下腔静脉阻塞病变的多排螺旋CT(MSCT)表现及其诊断价值。方法对比分析14例BCS下腔静脉的MSCT和血管造影表现。结果下腔静脉造影证实下腔静脉膜性狭窄2例、膜性闭塞9例、节段性闭塞3例;下腔静脉内血栓形成6例;下腔静脉闭塞区钙化4例;下腔静脉远心端皆有不同程度的扩张增粗。MSCT显示的下腔静脉狭窄和闭锁病变、有无血栓形成以及下腔静脉的走行均与下腔静脉造影相符合;并能显示下腔静脉阻塞区近心端到右心房入口的距离。结论MSCT能全面显示BCS下腔静脉的病变情况,诊断价值高,能可靠的指导制订下腔静脉阻塞的治疗方案。     

多层螺旋CT在小儿川崎病冠状动脉损害中的应用价值

目的评价多层螺旋CT（MSCT）在小儿川崎病冠状动脉损害中应用的可行性及价值。方法34例川崎病患儿进行16层或64层CT冠状动脉增强扫描，其中18例有同期二维超声心动图检查对照。计算各支冠状动脉的显示情况。观察病变形态，测量左、右冠状动脉主干的直径，计算2种方法的相关系数。结果除4例左旋支及8例右冠状动脉中段显示不清外，其余冠状动脉均可清楚显示。MSCT发现34例患者中，14例有冠状动脉损害，共22支冠状动脉受累。冠状动脉主干扩张6例，主干扩张伴动脉瘤形成3例，主干未扩张而中远段有动脉瘤形成2例，冠状动脉狭窄1例，钙化2例，串珠状改变3例。MSCT及二维超声在冠状动脉主干测量值上差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），左、右冠状动脉主干测量值的相关系数分别为0．85、0．91（P〈0．05）。3例右冠状动脉中远段的动脉瘤及1例冠状动脉狭窄超声未发现。2例轻至中度二尖瓣反流及5例血管壁增厚MSCT未发现。结论MSCT用于探查小儿川崎病冠状动脉损害是可行的，可以作为心脏超声的补充和替代方法用于川崎病冠状动脉损害的诊断及随访。     

Budd-Chiari综合征:肝静脉病变的多排螺旋CT诊断

目的探讨多排螺旋CT(MSCT)对Budd-Chiari综合征(BCS)肝静脉阻塞病变的诊断价值。方法对比分析26例BCS的肝静脉血管造影和术前1周内的MSCT平扫与增强扫描表现。结果26例MSCT横断面图像和重建图像显示肝静脉共计70条,其中56条肝静脉闭塞,包括13条肝右静脉闭塞,21条肝中静脉闭塞,22条肝左静脉闭塞;另显示21条副肝静脉代偿性增粗;其中1例肝右静脉伴有血栓形成。与下腔静脉或经皮肝穿刺肝静脉造影相比,肝静脉的符合率为92.11%。结论MSCT能准确显示BCS肝静脉的血流动力学变化、阻塞部位,性质以及肝内交通支情况,诊断价值高,能可靠的指导制订治疗方案。     

MSCT VR与MIP诊断成人茎突综合征的临床价值

目的:探讨MSCT容积再现(VR)、最大密度投影(MIP)技术在成人茎突测量中的应用及对茎突综合征(SPS)诊断的价值.方法:回顾性分析52例57侧临床诊断为SPS患者的MSCT及VR、MIP重组资料,并测量茎突的长度及方位角.结果:茎突长度大于3 cm者41侧(71.9%),茎突向内偏斜角>25°者26侧(45.6%),向前偏斜角>25°者2侧(3.5%),分节型茎突31侧(54.4%).结论:茎突过长、方位角异常和茎突发育呈分节型是诊断SPS的重要依据.MSCT VR及MIP重组可为诊断SPS提供重要依据.     

Lemmel综合征的MSCT分型和分级的初步探讨

目的：探讨MSCT对Lemmel综合征分型和分级的临床价值。方法回顾性分析经MSCT和上消化道钡餐联合确诊的66例Lemmel综合征患者的临床和影像资料，通过MSCT对其分型和分级，评价十二指肠乳头旁憩室（PAD）与胆胰疾病的关系。结果66例Lemmel综合征患者共发现80个 PAD。根据憩室位置分乳头上（59个）、乳头下（18个）和边缘型（3个）；根据憩室形态分气囊型（37个）、液囊型（30个）、网格囊型（13个）；根据憩室大小分小憩室（短径小于1cm ，7个）、中憩室（介于两者之间，65个）、大憩室（长径大于4cm ，8个），其中，乳头上和边缘型、液囊型和网格囊型、大中憩室容易引发胆胰疾病。根据单纯PAD、伴发炎症、伴发结石、伴发重症，分为1～4级，分期结果和临床病情较为一致。结论 Lemmel综合征的MSCT分型和分级有助于指导治疗方案的选择。     

胡桃夹综合征的多层螺旋CT检查和应用价值

目的：探讨多层螺旋CT（MSCT）在诊断胡桃夹综合征（NCS）中的应用价值。方法：分析30例NCS患者（病例组）和120例正常人（对照组）的MSCT影像资料。观察NCS左肾静脉（LRV）的MSCT表现及伴随征象;测量病例组和对照组的肠系膜上动脉（SMA）与腹主动脉（AA）的夹角、LRV中心层面处SMA与AA之间距离、LRV在夹角受压处的截面积（S1）和近肾端最宽处的截面积（S2）,并计算其比值（S2/S1）,进行统计学分析。结果：病例组中2例可见左肾增大,2例左肾灌注慢,7例清晰显示侧枝循环建立,30例均可见LRV呈＂漏斗样＂变。两组比较各测量数据差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：MSCT检查能清晰显示LRV的形态、能精确测量各数值,直观地评估LRV的受压变窄程度,还可观察NCS的伴随征象,为诊断提供有力的证据。     

急性主动脉综合征的多层螺旋CT诊断

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)对急性主动脉综合征(AAS)的临床应用价值.方法 采用东芝Aquilion16层螺旋CT扫描机,对62例主诉急性胸背痛患者进行MSCT检查.结果 62例AAS患者,主动脉夹层(AD)41例,主动脉壁内血肿(IMH)12例,穿透性粥样硬化性溃疡(PAU)9例.MSCT能够显示3种疾病的特征性征象:AD可见内膜片和双腔征;IMH主动脉壁呈新月形或环形增厚≥5 mm;PAU为凸出于主动脉管腔外的造影剂充盈的龛影.结论 MSCT是一种快速、无创的检查方法,能为AAS的诊断提供重要信息.     

Kartagener综合征的CT诊断

目的：探讨Kartagener综合征的CT表现及其诊断价值。方法：回顾分析3例经临床及CT或MSCT检查确诊的Kartagener综合征患者，结合文献对其CT表现进行分析评价。结果：3例患者中，2例为完全型，1例为不完全型，3例均为镜像性全内脏转位，均有右位心，肝脏、脾脏及肺均发生转位，右肺或左肺发现轻度支气管扩张，2例双侧上颌窦炎及筛窦炎，1例并鼻腔息肉，1例不完全型无鼻窦炎。结论：CT或MSCT检查是临床确诊Kartagener综合征的重要依据。     

儿童肺不发育-发育不良综合征的影像学诊断

目的 分析并总结儿童肺不发育.发育不良综合征的胸部影像学诊断.资料与方法 回顾性分析24例肺不发育.发育不良综合征患者的胸部计算机X线摄影(CR)、多层螺旋CT(MSCT)增强扫描影像资料.MSCT肺部常规层厚8 mm,在16层螺旋CT机行层厚2 mm、层间隔1 mm重组,行多平面重组(MPR)、最大密度投影(MIP)、最小密度投影(MinlP)、容积再现(VR)后处理重组.结果 24例病变MSCT后处理重组全部清晰显示并诊断,其中肺缺如2例,肺不发育3例,肺发育不全19例.结论 MSCTA及后处理重组对于诊断肺不发育-发育不良综合征具有重要价值.     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.