国人全膝关节假体置换胫骨近端截骨面至腘血管距离的测量及意义

目的:测量国人全膝关节假体置换术胫骨近端截骨面后缘至腘窝血管之间的距离,以期为临床全膝关节置换术中避免损伤腘窝血管提供参考数据。方法:选择2006-06/12于解放军第二军医大学长征医院体检的50名正常成人(53膝),男29名(31膝),女21名(22膝)。所有观察对象均知情同意,且得到医院伦理道德委员会批准。对所有膝关节进行MRI扫描,在胫骨外侧平台以下10mm水平横断面上辨认腘动静脉,并测量胫骨近端截骨面后缘至腘窝动静脉的距离。结果:53膝全部进入结果分析,无脱落。①男性胫骨近端截骨面后缘至腘动脉、腘静脉平均距离为(6.7±2.5,7.3±2.3)mm,95%可信区间分别为5.8～7.6mm,6.5～8.1mm。②女性胫骨近端截骨面后缘至腘动脉、腘静脉平均距离为(6.6±1.9,7.1±2.7)mm,95%可信区间分别为:5.8～7.4mm,5.9～8.3mm。③不同性别观察对象胫骨近端截骨面后缘至腘血管的距离差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论:腘窝血管紧邻全膝关节假体置换术胫骨近端截骨面后缘,不同性别间无明显差异。全膝关节假体置换术中进行胫骨近端截骨,特别是后方操作时需特别谨慎,以避免损伤腘窝血管。     

全膝关节置换中是否需要髌骨置换

背景：全膝关节黄换中髌骨冠换与否一直存在争议。目的：对临床全膝关节簧换中是否进行髌骨簧换进行对比观察。方法：随机选取2009年7月至2012年4月在曲城市第一人民医院膝关节骨性关节炎患者56例,兆60膝,按全膝关节置换时是否进行髌骨置换分为髌骨置换组和髌骨未置换组。结果与结论：令膝关节置换3个月后,髌骨置换组忠者在膝关节功能评定量表评分、髌骨评分、活动度和Q角与髌骨未置换组比明显降低（P〈0．05）,而膝前痛评分和膝外翻角与髌骨未置换组患者的差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。提示全膝关节置换中合理进行髌骨处理可有效改善髌股关节运动轨迹,明混降低髌骨并发症。对于髌股关节匹配及力线良好的忠者保留髌骨可提高关节的功能恢复,在全膝关节胃换中进行髌骨置换较髌骨不置换总休效果好。     

人工膝关节置换中髌骨置换效果的Meta分析

背景:全膝关节置换是否进行髌骨置换一直存有争议。目的:比较人工膝关节置换中未行髌骨置换与行髌骨置换后的临床疗效,分析目前关于髌骨置换研究所存在的问题及需要改进的策略。方法:检索PubMed、Medline、Elsevier、Embase、OVID、ProQuest、Springer、BlackWell、JohnWiley、中国生物医学数据库(CBM)、中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、中文科技期刊全文数据库(VIP)中2011-11-15前发表的膝关节置换术中髌骨置换与非髌骨置换的随机对照研究。相同样本的多篇文献选择其随访时间最长者。采用国际Cochrane协作组提供的Revman5.0软件对人工膝关节置换后再手术率、术后膝前痛发生率和功能评分进行统计学分析。结果与结论:共纳入随机对照试验研究18篇,共7075例患者(置换组3463例和非置换组3612例)。Meta分析结果显示膝前痛的发生率在髌骨置换组和非髌骨置换组间差异无显著性意义(RR=0.150,95%CI:0.129-0.185,P>0.05);但与非髌骨置换组比较,髌骨置换组术后5年以上再手术率降低(RR=0.135,95%CI:0.118-0.166,P<0.05);两组的膝关节功能评分差异无显著性意义(WMD=-0.144,95%CI:-1.122-2.109,P>0.05)。提示人工膝关节置换中行或不行髌骨置换疗效相当,应鼓励更多使用国家关节置换登记系统数据为全膝关节置换中是否植入特定髌骨假体提供依据。     

Clinical and biomechanical assessment of patella resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty

BACKGROUND: Currently there is a limited understanding of the factors influencing range of motion by comparing patellar resurfacing vs non-resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty during activities of daily living. A recent meta-analysis of patellar replacement confirms better outcome with patella resurfacing; however, the result can be influenced by many other factors, such as: component design, surgeon experience, and technical aspects of the surgery. This study compares the biomechanics of the knee in patients after total knee arthroplasty with and without patellar resurfacing during stair climbing. METHODS: Forty-seven patients with total knee arthroplasty were assessed at the mean follow-up of 24 months. In all of them a posterior stabilised fixed bearing prosthesis (Optetrak PS, Exactech) was implanted. Twenty-six patients were treated without patellar resurfacing and 21 with patellar resurfacing. Clinical evaluations were performed using the International Knee Society and the Hospital for Special Surgery scores. Ten patients with patellar resurfacing and 10 patients without patellar resurfacing were also studied with motion analysis during stair climbing; 10 healthy subjects were studied for statistical comparison. FINDINGS: Clinical passive knee flexion, International Knee Society Function and Hospital for Special Surgery scores were significantly higher in the patellar resurfacing group. During stair climbing, active knee joint range of motion during the stance phase was greater in patients with patellar resurfacing. The maximum adduction moment was significantly higher in the group without patellar resurfacing. INTERPRETATION: Patients with patellar resurfacing demonstrated better clinical scores, and kinematic and kinetic data while ascending stairs.     

Gait during hydrokinesitherapy following total knee arthroplasty

Purpose. To obtain gait parameters during hydrotherapy (HT) in patients who were referred for rehabilitation after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Method. The study had a cohort prospective design. Patients who had undergone TKA followed a HT rehabilitation programme. Twenty-two consecutive patients were enrolled. Four of them dropped out for various reasons, independently of HT. Therefore 18 patients could be evaluated (5 men and 13 women). Eighteen age-matched healthy volunteers were the control subjects. Nine patients had a right TKA and nine a left TKA. On the average HT duration was 18.4 days (SD 1.4).

Results. The patients presented with a mean speed of 912 (SD 275) meters per hour (m/h) at the baseline. At the last session the mean speed was 1330 (SD 416) m/h. The mean stance duration was 1.75 s (SD 0.34) on the operated side and 1.83 s (SD 0.41) on the non-operated side. By contrast, the mean swing duration was 1.10 s (SD 0.25) on the operated side and 1.13 s (SD 0.34) on the non-operated side. The step duration was the same on both sides. At the beginning of HT the mean stance/swing ratio was 1.94 on the operated side, whereas it was 1.77 on the non-operated side. In the controls the ratio was 1.46. At the beginning the mean stride length was 0.526 m (SD 0.147) and the value became 0.556 (SD 0.138) after 18 training sessions. At the individual level, recovery occurred in a non-linear fashion (Best Fitting, 7th-grade Fourier finite series).

Conclusions. The study design permits accurate definition of stride parameters during rehabilitation which allows optimization of the programme. Increase in speed and regain of balance are the main targets of a HT programme and are monitored on a daily basis.     

Gait during hydrokinesitherapy following total knee arthroplasty

Purpose.?To obtain gait parameters during hydrotherapy (HT) in patients who were referred for rehabilitation after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Method.?The study had a cohort prospective design. Patients who had undergone TKA followed a HT rehabilitation programme. Twenty-two consecutive patients were enrolled. Four of them dropped out for various reasons, independently of HT. Therefore 18 patients could be evaluated (5 men and 13 women). Eighteen age-matched healthy volunteers were the control subjects. Nine patients had a right TKA and nine a left TKA. On the average HT duration was 18.4 days (SD 1.4).

Results.?The patients presented with a mean speed of 912 (SD 275) meters per hour (m/h) at the baseline. At the last session the mean speed was 1330 (SD 416) m/h. The mean stance duration was 1.75 s (SD 0.34) on the operated side and 1.83 s (SD 0.41) on the non-operated side. By contrast, the mean swing duration was 1.10 s (SD 0.25) on the operated side and 1.13 s (SD 0.34) on the non-operated side. The step duration was the same on both sides. At the beginning of HT the mean stance/swing ratio was 1.94 on the operated side, whereas it was 1.77 on the non-operated side. In the controls the ratio was 1.46. At the beginning the mean stride length was 0.526 m (SD 0.147) and the value became 0.556 (SD 0.138) after 18 training sessions. At the individual level, recovery occurred in a non-linear fashion (Best Fitting, 7th-grade Fourier finite series).

Conclusions.?The study design permits accurate definition of stride parameters during rehabilitation which allows optimization of the programme. Increase in speed and regain of balance are the main targets of a HT programme and are monitored on a daily basis.     

The patella in total knee arthroplasty: to resurface or not is the question

The decision to resurface the patella during total knee arthroplasty remains controversial. Even though some surgeons routinely resurface the patella to avoid the increased rates of postoperative anterior knee pain and reoperation for secondary resurfacing, others selectively resurface based on the presence of anterior knee pain, notably damaged articular cartilage, inflammatory arthritis, isolated patellofemoral arthritis, and patellar subluxation and maltracking. The anatomy and biomechanics of the patellofemoral joint, combined with advances in surgical technique and prostheses must be taken into account when making a decision to resurface the patella. Accurate component implantation is imperative for a successful outcome if the patella is resurfaced.     

同时双侧全膝表面置换与单侧全膝关节置换围手术期康复的比较

背景：目前对于双膝严重骨性关节炎行两组同时双侧全膝表面置换的围手术期康复的相关研究尚不多见。目的：比较双膝骨性关节炎两组同时双侧全膝表面置换术与单侧全膝关节置换围手术期康复训练的效果。方法：两组医生对59例（118膝）患者双膝骨性关节炎同台同时全膝表面置换,与同期80例单膝骨性关节炎行单侧全膝关节置换患者（对照组）进行疗效比较。两组患者置换前均进行康复教育及预备康复,置换后康复方法标准一致。结果与结论：同时双侧全膝表面置换组置换前通过压腿平均减小屈曲畸形角度11.2°（5°～22°）。置换后3～6周,股四头肌、腘绳肌肌力5级,较置换前平均增加0.8级;平均ROM≥95°（110±15）°;无痛行走500m以上;独自无痛上下10级楼梯,无肿胀;出院时HSS评分较置换前增加。置换后3个月没有发现松动表现及不良反应,其康复疗效与对照组对比差异无显著性意义。表明,在围手术期对双膝骨性关节炎两组医生行同时双侧全膝表面置换,通过系统而量化的康复,有利于减少置换中截骨量和置换后并发症,促进患者膝关节功能恢复,与单侧全膝关节置换相比康复结果无明显差异。     

同时双侧全膝表面置换与单侧全膝关节置换围手术期康复的比较

背景:目前对于双膝严重骨性关节炎行两组同时双侧全膝表面置换的围手术期康复的相关研究尚不多见。目的:比较双膝骨性关节炎两组同时双侧全膝表面置换术与单侧全膝关节置换围手术期康复训练的效果。方法:两组医生对59例(118膝)患者双膝骨性关节炎同台同时全膝表面置换,与同期80例单膝骨性关节炎行单侧全膝关节置换患者(对照组)进行疗效比较。两组患者置换前均进行康复教育及预备康复,置换后康复方法标准一致。结果与结论:同时双侧全膝表面置换组置换前通过压腿平均减小屈曲畸形角度11.2°(5°～22°)。置换后3～6周,股四头肌、腘绳肌肌力5级,较置换前平均增加0.8级;平均ROM≥95°(110±15)°;无痛行走500m以上;独自无痛上下10级楼梯,无肿胀;出院时HSS评分较置换前增加。置换后3个月没有发现松动表现及不良反应,其康复疗效与对照组对比差异无显著性意义。表明,在围手术期对双膝骨性关节炎两组医生行同时双侧全膝表面置换,通过系统而量化的康复,有利于减少置换中截骨量和置换后并发症,促进患者膝关节功能恢复,与单侧全膝关节置换相比康复结果无明显差异。     

Dynamic stability during stair negotiation after total knee arthroplasty

BackgroundThe assessment of dynamic stability is crucial for the prevention of falls in the elderly and people with functional impairments. Evidence that total knee arthroplasty improves balance in patients with severe osteoarthritis is scarce and no information exists about how the surgery affects dynamic stability during stair negotiation.MethodsThis study aims to investigate if patients before and one year after surgery are less stable compared to asymptomatic controls. Seventeen control and twenty-seven patient participants with end-stage knee osteoarthritis that were scheduled to undergo unilateral total knee arthroplasty were recruited in this study. Participants' assessment was carried out by means of marker-based optical full-body motion capture with force platforms. The extrapolated Centre of mass and the margin of stability metrics were used to examine dynamic stability during stair ascent and descent.FindingsPatient participants, during both pre-operative and post-operative assessments, were equally balanced to the asymptomatic controls during stair gait (p > .188). Additionally, the patients' overall stability did not improve significantly one year after arthroplasty surgery (p > .252).InterpretationEven if pain from arthritis and fear of falling is decreased following surgery, our results indicate that stability in stair walking in not affected by osteoarthritis and total knee arthroplasty.Clinical trial registration number: NCT02422251.     

Robotic alignment of femoral cutting mask during total knee arthroplasty

Objective  To investigate a new navigation system integrated with a robotic arm for total knee replacement (TKR) procedures. Materials and Methods  The study here reported attempts providing the surgeon with a robotic assistant handling the surgical tools with superior stability removing tremors. The system is equipped with an optical localization system, which allows the real-time monitoring of the position and orientation of the surgical tools carried by the robot end-effector and provides a feedback control to optimize the reaching of the goal position. Results  Pilot experiments, performed aligning the femoral cutting mask to the surgical position, together with the feasibility of the system, proved its accuracy and reliability. Conclusion  This paper shows the feasibility of a robotic system for TKR, integrated with a navigation system, in order to overcome limitations of both approaches.