肾移植患者勃起功能障碍的相关因素研究

目的 研究男性肾移植患者术后勃起功能障碍 (ED)的相关影响因素.方法 随机选择25～57岁、术后半年以上、血肌酐133μmol/L以下的已婚男性肾移植受者50例,采用勃起功能国际问卷(IIEF-5)对其肾移植前后勃起功能进行评估,并应用多因素Logistic回归分析,确定对勃起功能有影响的相关因素.结果 肾移植术前有41例(82%)被诊断为不同程度的ED,移植术后26例被确定为ED(52%),术前与术后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).Logistic回归分析表明,年龄、血液透析时间、移植肾动脉吻合方式和以环孢素(CsA)为基础的免疫抑制剂治疗是影响勃起功能的独立和显著因素(P<0.05),相对危险度分别为3.06、2.03、3.93、2.74.结论 成功的肾移植术可改善患者的勃起功能,但仍有着较高的ED发生率,年龄、血液透析时间、术中移植肾动脉吻合方式、以CsA为基础的免疫抑制剂治疗是影响勃起功能的主要因素.     

影响同种异体肾移植受者勃起功能障碍的因素与治疗选择

性生活质量是肾移植受者生活质量的重要内容之一,随着肾移植受者存活率的提高,男性受者性生活质量,尤其是勃起功能已经受到医学界和移植肾受者的广泛关注。现有的资料表明男性肾移植受者勃起功能障碍(ED)的患病率为35.8%~78.3%;影响男性受者ED的因素有年龄、透析时间、手术方式、血红蛋白含量、精神心理因素、免疫抑制药物、糖尿病等。在对男性肾移植受者ED的治疗中万艾可是有效、安全的,在口服药物治疗失败后也可选择阴茎海绵体血管活性药物注射或阴茎假体植入术,但是三件套假体应该避免使用。     

肾移植与血液透析治疗对尿毒症患者阴茎勃起功能影响的临床对照研究

目的:研究对比男性尿毒症患者接受肾移植与接受血液透析治疗勃起功能的变化及与生殖激素水平变化的关系。方法:收集2009年5月至2012年1月在我院门诊进行随访的肾移植男性患者35例、血液透析治疗的尿毒症患者30例,应用国际勃起功能指数(IIEF-5)调查表、夜间勃起功能(NEVA)测定仪评估阴茎勃起功能,同时测定生殖激素水平。结果:接受肾移植手术者勃起功能障碍(ED)患病率为51.4%,血液透析者ED患病率为73.3%(P<0.05);肾移植后的ED患者发病情况要明显轻于单纯血液透析的ED患者;肾移植中重度ED患者(25.7%)要明显少于单纯血液透析者(46.6%);肾移植组中ED患者夜间阴茎勃起次数、勃起强度及持续时间均强于单纯血液透析组ED患者(P<0.05);接受肾移植患者较单纯血液透析血清睾酮水平上升[(4.32±1.37)vs(2.53±1.12)ng/ml,P<0.05],雌二醇[(19.57±2.29)vs(43.38±5.58)pg/m)]和催乳激素[(8.59±1.19)vs(17.22±3.31)mIu/ml]明显下降(P均<0.05)。结论:肾移植受者肾功能良好时其总体勃起功能要优于单纯血液透析的尿毒症患者。     

枸缘酸西地那非在糖尿病勃起功能障碍患者中的应用

勃起功能障碍(ED)严重影响生活质量,糖尿病患者由于诸多因素如:血管病变、神经病变和性激素异常易于导致ED。Ng等人对1 511例服用西地那非治疗的患者进行回顾性研究很多糖尿病患者合并严重的并发症如:高血压和冠心病,他们也很可能接受影响勃起功能的包括各种抗高血压药物在内的     

2型糖尿病伴勃起功能障碍的相关发病因素探讨

目的:探讨中青年2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者伴发勃起功能障碍(ED)与血管、神经和雄激素等因素的关系,为ED早期防治提供临床依据。方法:53例50岁以下男性T2DM患者按国际勃起功能指数-5(IIEF-5)评分分为ED组(IIEF评分≤21,n=28)和非ED组(NED组)(IIEF评分≥22,n=28),测定两组血脂、血糖、血清总睾酮(TT)、性激素结合蛋白(SHBG)、硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DHEA-S)、计算法游离睾酮(cFT)等指标,检查两组视网膜病变(DR)、大血管病变和周围神经病变(DPN)等并发症,比较两组各指标及并发症的差异。结果:两组年龄、糖尿病病程、体重指数、血压、血脂、血糖水平具有可比性(P>0.05),ED组DR发生率(39.3%)高于NED组(4.0%)(P<0.05),两组TT、DHEA-S、cFT水平及大血管病变和DPN发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:T2DM患者伴ED发生与DR关系密切,对合并DR的T2DM患者尤应早期关注其勃起功能。     

髂内动脉与移植肾动脉端端吻合对肾移植受者阴茎血流及勃起功能的影响

目的:对髂内动脉与移植肾动脉端端吻合是否影响阴茎血供及勃起功能是有争议的,通过检测移植前后阴茎动脉血流,前瞻性评估髂内动脉与移植肾动脉端端吻合对受者阴茎血供及勃起功能的影响。方法:33例维持性血液透析(MHD)患者,接受了活体肾移植,移植术中使用右侧髂内动脉与移植肾动脉端端吻合。在移植前和移植后6个月,接受了国际勃起功能指数为主的问卷调查,记录移植前后阴茎多普勒血流、血肌酐、血红蛋白、胆固醇水平及移植后免疫抑制治疗方案。结果:33例MHD患者,年龄21~55岁,血液透析期间,36%的患者存在勃起功能障碍,移植后33%的患者存在勃起功能障碍。主诉中67%患者移植后勃起功能没有改变,15%患者勃起功能变差,18%患者勃起功能改善,其中包括2例术前勃起功能障碍患者。移植前后勃起功能方面的评分分别为(24.6±5.1)和(24.2±6.2),两者无显著差异(P>0.05)。移植前后患者在射精功能、插入满意度和总体满意度方面没有显著差异;然而在性欲方面,移植后患者性欲评分明显高于尿毒症期(6.2±1.6vs8.9±0.9,P<0.01)。所有患者在尿毒症期阴茎海绵体药物注射后均获得充分勃起,超声多普勒结果表明不存在阴茎动脉供血不足;6例患者舒张期血流速度(EDV)及阻力指数(R I)异常。移植后收缩期血流峰值(PSV)明显低于移植前(左侧45.9±8.9vs41.3±8.0,P<0.01;右侧46.5±8.6vs41.5±8.1,P<0.01),但无1例患者出现阴茎动脉供血不足;8例受者EDV及R I异常。结论:单侧髂内动脉阻断显著降低阴茎动脉血流,但通过对侧髂内动脉的补偿不会因为阴茎血供不足而导致ED的发生;男性肾移植受者使用髂内动脉与移植肾动脉端端吻合,对阴茎勃起功能没有负面影响。     

心脏移植术后新生糖尿病的危险因素分析

目的 探讨原位心脏移植术后新生糖尿病的发病率、发生的独立危险因素及其对患者长期存活的影响.方法 对术前病史资料详实、无糖尿病、术后存活时间大于6个月的92例原位心脏移植患者进行回顾性研究.患者平均随访31个月.随访期间发生移植后新生糖尿病者(PTDM组)共19例(19/92,20.7%),未发生新生糖尿病者(NPTDM组)73例.记录与移植后新生糖尿病相关的因素,并对可能的危险因素进行单因素分析和多因素回归分析.记录原位心脏移植术后新生糖尿病的发病率.绘制患者的Kaptan-Meier生存曲线.结果 移植后患者整体的空腹血糖水平较移植前明显升高[移植后为(5.52±1.07)mmol/L,移植前为(4.95±0.64)mmol/L,P%0.01].多因素Logistic回归分析显示,移植后新生糖尿病发生的独立危险预测因素是高龄(OR=1.09,P<0.05)、体重指数(OR=1.45,P<0.01)、糖尿病家族史(OR=7.97,P<0.05)和术前空腹血糖(OR=5.83,P<0.01).92例患者术后1、3和5年存活率分别为96.29%、88.80%和80.62%,PTDM组术后1、3和5年存活率分别为87.50%、72.92%和72.92%,NPTDM组术后1、3和5年存活率分别为96.95%、93.44%和81.95%.分层次Log-rank检验显示,PTDM组和NPTDM组的两条生存曲线无明显差异(P>0.05).结论 移植后新生糖尿病的独立危险因素包括年龄、糖尿病家族史、体重指数和术前空腹血糖状态.     

心脏移植术后冠状动脉病变的相关因素分析

目的探讨心脏移植术后长期存活的患者冠状动脉病变的相关危险因素。方法回顾性分析32例心脏移植术后长期存活患者的临床资料,并对相关的临床因素进行评价,筛选出移植心冠状动脉病变的独立危险因素。结果高脂血症、热缺血时间、巨细胞病毒(CMV)抗体阳性、移植后时间及慢性排斥反应是移植心冠状动脉病变的危险因素,而年龄、高血压和糖尿病与移植心冠状动脉病变的相关性不明显;多元Losgitic回归分析,移植后时间和慢性排斥反应是移植心冠状动脉病变的独立危险因素(P<0.001,P=0.003)。结论心脏移植术后冠状动脉病变的实质是慢性排斥反应;与供心的热缺血时间、高脂血症及巨细胞病毒感染等相关。     

下尿路症状男性人群勃起功能调查

目的:了解下尿路症状(LUTS)男性人群的勃起功能障碍(ED)患病情况,探讨LUTS与ED之间的相关性。方法:2011年11月~2012年8月,抽取1 000例40~80岁、有固定性伴侣的男性人群,采用国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)及国际勃起功能指数(IIEF-5)评估LUTS和ED的严重程度,单因素Logistic回归分析LUTS与ED的相关性。结果:40~80岁男性人群的LUTS患病率为42.81%(426/995),ED患病率为76.18%(758/995)。其中426例有LUTS症状患者的ED患病率为82.16%(350/426),569例无LUTS症状的ED患病率为71.70%(408/569)。随着LUTS严重程度的增高,ED的患病率明显升高。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、LUTS严重程度与ED的关联存在统计学显著意义(P0.01)。结论:LUTS患者存在很高的ED发生率。年龄越大,LUTS症状愈严重者患ED的风险更高。     

血脂异常对男性勃起功能影响的流行病学研究

目的 探讨血脂异常对男性勃起功能的影响.方法 于清晨空腹采集外周血标本,测定血清总胆固醇(TC)、总甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)的浓度.从上述4项结果中至少1项有异常的我院患者中随机选取200例男性患者,4项结果均正常的患者中随机选取200例男性患者,用勃起功能障碍国际指数问卷表(IIEF-5)评估这些患者的勃起功能,分析血脂异常对男性勃起功能的影响.结果 血脂异常者勃起功能障碍(ED)的发病率为47%,血脂正常者ED的发病率为30%,两者的发病率差异有统计学意义(P=0.005).其中,40～59岁人群ED的发病率在两组问有统计学差异.Logistic回归分析发现年龄、HDL、TC/HDL、冠心病、焦虑或抑郁、良性前列腺增生和长期服用影响勃起的药物史与ED的发病有关,除HDL为保护因素,其余均为危险因素.结论 高血脂是影响男性勃起功能的一个重要因素,尤其对40～59岁的中年男性的勃起功能影响最明显.HDL水平的下降和TC/HDL比值的上升是ED的重要的危险因素.     

Erectile dysfunction in hemodialysis patients with diabetes mellitus: Association with age and hemoglobin A1c levels

Abstract Aim: Erectile dysfunction (ED) is common in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) as well as those undergoing hemodialysis (HD). The purpose of this study is to investigate the frequency and severity of ED in HD patients with DM and those without DM. In addition, we examined the relationship between erectile function and several risk factors, including presence of DM and hemoglobin A1c levels in HD patients. Methods: This study involved 180 patients on HD, including 66 HD patients with DM (DM‐HD) and 114 patients without DM (non‐DM‐HD). We evaluated erectile function using an abridged five‐item version of the international index of erectile function (IIEF‐5). Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between presence of ED and several risk factors. Results: The total score of IIEF‐5 in DM‐HD patients (9.5 ± 4.2) was significantly lower than in non‐DM‐HD patients (13.5 ± 5.7). The prevalence of severe ED was 42.4% and 18.4% in DM‐HD patients and non‐DM‐HD patients, respectively. Age, cardiovascular disease history, and DM were identified as independent risk factors for the presence of ED. Furthermore, age and elevated hemoglobin A1c levels were identified as independent risk factors for the presence of severe ED. Conclusion: DM‐HD patients are more likely to have ED, and particularly severe forms of ED, than non‐DM‐HD patients. DM and elevated hemoglobin A1c levels were associated with the presence of ED or severe ED, respectively. Aging was identified as an independent factor in both ED and severe ED.     

Critical evaluation of the factors influencing erectile function after renal transplantation

A total of 400 male renal transplant recipients (RTR) were investigated. Data on medical, sexual history, clinical examination and laboratory variables were collected. The severity of erectile dysfunction (ED) was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine prognostic variables, which have independent impact on erectile function. ED was detected in 35.8% of the whole group. Current erectile function as compared to pretransplant status was improved, deteriorated or remained static in 44, 12.5 and 43.5% of the evaluated transplant recipients, respectively. After logistic regression analysis, age, hemoglobin level and presence of DM and/or peripheral neuropathy had significant and independent negative impact on erectile function. We concluded that renal transplantation has varying effects on erectile function. ED is highly prevalent among RTR and its pathogenesis is multifactorial.     

男性患者肾移植前后的阴茎勃起功能研究

目的　探讨男性肾功能衰竭患者肾移植前后的阴茎勃起功能,以提高肾移植患者的生存质量。方法　50例男性肾功能衰竭患者在肾移植前后填写国际勃起功能指数(IIEF)调查表,并同时测定性激素水平。结果　肾移植前阴茎勃起功能障碍(ED)发病率为84 %,肾移植后肾功能正常时降至54 %(P<0.05);术前血液透析时间在6个月以内者IIEF评分高于透析时间在6~24个月和超过24个月者;不论患者的年龄大小,肾移植术后IIEF评分均有不同程度的提高(P<0.05);肾移植后血清睾酮水平上升(P<0.05),雌二醇和催乳激素明显下降(P<0.05, P<0.01)。结论　肾移植能有效改善肾功能衰竭患者的阴茎勃起状况,受者术后的心理疏导有助于降低ED发病率。     

High prevalence of erectile dysfunction after renal transplantation

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study of multifaceted male sexual function in 323 consecutive kidney transplant recipients was conducted by mail by means of the validated International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). All five IIEF domains (IIEF-5), i.e., erectile function, orgasmic function, sexual desire, intercourse satisfaction, and overall satisfaction, were scored for each responder. IIEF-5 scoring that conformed to the National Institutes of Health definition of erectile dysfunction (ED) was computed for all patients sexually active within the past 4 weeks. RESULTS: Two hundred and seventy-one patients replied. Compared to the controls used for IIEF psychometric validation, kidney transplant recipients gave lower erectile function (P<0.01) and intercourse satisfaction (P<0.05) scores, despite their being younger. ED, according to the IIEF-5 method, was demonstrated in 55.7% of the sexually active patients (n=212). Age, time on dialysis, and iterative transplants were significantly and negatively related to erectile dysfunction. CONCLUSION: IIEF proved to be a valuable means of unveiling highly prevalent erectile dysfunction in male kidney transplant recipients. The negative impact of the time on dialysis was emphasized in the results.     

Improved erectile function and sex hormone profiles in male Chinese recipients of kidney transplantation

Teng LC, Wang CX, Chen L. Improved erectile function and sex hormone profiles in male Chinese recipients of kidney transplantation.
Clin Transplant 2011: 25: 265–269. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: Background: Few studies have reported the relationship between duration of dialysis and effect of kidney transplantation on sex hormone levels and erectile dysfunction (ED) in Chinese patients. Methods: Our study included 24 patients with uremia who underwent kidney transplantation. Erectile function in these patients was assessed using the 5‐item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF‐5), and serum sex hormone levels were measured pre‐ and post‐transplantation. Post‐transplantation changes in IIEF‐5 scores were analyzed according to duration of dialysis. Results: Twenty‐one (87.5%) and 11 (45.9%) of the 24 patients suffered from varying degrees of ED during the pre‐ and post‐transplantation periods, respectively. The pre‐ vs. post‐transplantation IIEF‐5 scores were significantly different (p < 0.05) among patients who had undergone dialysis for less than six months. Following transplantation, serum levels of prolactin and β‐estradiol decreased significantly (24.35 ± 11.62 vs. 13.93 ± 7.16 ng/mL, p = 0.027; 42.20 ± 15.04 vs. 17.7 ± 7.15 pg/mL, p = 0.000, respectively), whereas levels of testosterone increased (3.07 ± 0.94 vs. 6.54 ± 3.14 ng/mL, p = 0.004). Conclusions: Successful kidney transplantation can significantly ameliorate ED in Chinese patients, especially in individuals with a shorter time on dialysis. Changes in sex hormone levels may contribute to this improvement in ED.     

Sildenafil citrate treatment for erectile dysfunction after kidney transplantation

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to analyze the morbidity of organic erectile dysfunction (ED) in kidney-transplant patients and to evaluate the efficacy and reliability of sildenafil citrate treatment. METHOD: Sixty-five ED patients with normal graft function for 3 to 12 months after kidney transplantation were involved in our study. Erectile dysfunction was diagnosed in all the patients by the International Index of Erectile Dysfunction (IIEF). Among them, 10 patients were in light degree; 32 patients in moderate degree, and 23 patients in severe degree according to IIEF score. All of the patients underwent medical history, physical and chemical examinations. In each patient, the IIEF score, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and trough concentrations of cyclosporine were compared before and after taking sildenafil citrate at an initial dose of 50 mg every night. RESULTS: Twenty-six patients without ED before transplantation suffered ED after the operation, and 32 patients with ED before transplantation noticed worsening. Taking sildenafil citrate was effective in 53 patients (81.54%). There were no statistical differences in blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, or trough concentrations of cyclosporine in patients before and after sildenafil treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The morbidity of organic erectile dysfunction increased after transplantation. Sildenafil citrate treatment for ED in kidney-transplant patients was effective and safe. Graft function and trough concentrations of cyclosporine were not affected by sildenafil citrate.     

肾移植对男性勃起功能及性激素水平的影响

目的：探讨肾移植对男性勃起功能及性激素水平的影响。方法：对24例接受肾移植的已婚男性患者进行勃起功能国际问卷调查（IIEF）和手术前后性激素水平检测,调查肾移植前后不同阶段ED患病率;观察不同年龄、尿毒症病史和透析时间的患者在移植前后IIEF评分的变化;比较肾移植前后的性激素变化。结果：尿毒症期ED患病率高达87．5％,其中重度ED患病率达37．5％。肾移植术后ED患病率降低到45．9％,尤以病史短于3年、透析时间小于3个月和年龄大于46岁者勃起功能改善明显（P〈0．05）;肾移植后能明显降低男性患者泌乳素和雌二醇,升高睾酮。结论：肾移植能改善勃起功能,尤以病史和透析时间短的患者为明显;性激素水平的变化可能在其中发挥一定作用。     

Peripheral neuropathy: an underdiagnosed cause of erectile dysfunction

OBJECTIVES

? To assess the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). ? To evaluate the reliability of clinical tests such as the five‐item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF‐5) and the Neuropathy Symptom Score (NSS) classification system in predicting the concurrence of peripheral neuropathy.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

? We studied 90 patients who were consecutively recruited from the Department of Andrology of the Central Hospital of Asturias. ? Anamnesis included questions about risk factors related to ED. ? The severity of ED was classified according to IIEF‐5 scores and symptoms of peripheral neuropathy were assessed using the NSS. ? Neurophysiological tests included electromyography, nerve conduction studies, evoked potentials from pudendal and tibial nerves as well as bulbocavernosus reflex. ? Small fibre function was assessed using quantitative sensory tests and sympathetic skin response. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS‐11 program.

RESULTS

? Patients with more severe symptoms of peripheral neuropathy showed lower (worse) IIEF‐5 scores (P= 0.015) and required more aggressive therapies (P < 0.001). ? Neurophysiological exploration confirmed neurological pathology in 68.9% of patients, of whom 7.8% had myelopathy and 61.1% peripheral neuropathy. ? Polyneuropathy was found in 37.8% of the patients, of whom 8.9% had pure small fibre polyneuropathy, and pudendal neuropathy was diagnosed in 14.4%. ? No association between neurophysiological diagnosis and IIEF‐5 score was detected, but a statistical association was found between neuropathy and NSS scores.

CONCLUSIONS

? Up to now, the impact of peripheral neuropathy in the pathogenesis of ED has been underestimated. The combination of anamnesis and an ad hoc neurophysiological protocol showed its high prevalence and provided a more accurate prognosis. ? In future, clinical practice should optimize the assessment of pelvic small fibre function.     

Significant decrease of the International Index of Erectile Function in male renal failure patients treated with hemodialysis

In order to evaluate the erectile function in male renal failure patients treated with hemodialysis (HD), we investigated the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) in patients and healthy controls. The subjects were 174 male patients treated with HD, of whom 43 had diabetes mellitus (DM) and the remaining 131 patients did not have DM. The controls were 1133 healthy males. We evaluated the prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) using the erectile function (EF) score, which is one of the five domains of the IIEF, in each age group (upto 39 y old, 40-49 y old, 50-59 y old, 60-69 y old). The severity of ED was classified into five categories using EF in each age group. The univariate logistic regression analysis and multiple variate analysis of IIEF in HD patients were performed. The prevalence of ED in HD patients was significantly higher than that in the controls in each age group. The severity of ED in HD patients was also significantly higher than that in the controls in each age group. In the logistic regression analysis and multiple variate analysis of IIEF in HD patients, DM and age were significant risk factors on sexual dysfunction. ED was more prevalent in male renal failure patients treated with HD than in the controls. In the patient group, ED was more prevalent in older DM patients.     

伐地那非治疗老年糖尿病性勃起功能障碍疗效分析

目的:观察伐地那非治疗老年糖尿病(DM)性勃起功能障碍(ED)患者的临床疗效和安全性。方法:选择男性科门诊100例老年ED患者,其中DMED40例,非DMED60例。2组均使用伐地那非,首次剂量20mg,以后维持剂量10mg,1次/周,连续8周。采用国际勃起功能问卷勃起功能评分(IIEF-5)和勃起质量量表问卷(EQS)对患者勃起功能状况进行评估。结果:治疗前后,DMED组患者IIEF-5和EQS评分值分别为(8.1±0.5)分,(18.9±0.2)分(P<0.01);(9.1±1.3)分,(25.1±1.4)分(P<0.01);非DMED组患者评分值分别为(10.1±0.3)分,(21.1±0.2)分(P<0.01),(10.1±1.7)分,(34.2±1.2)分(P<0.01),2组间统计学处理差异有显著性(P<0.05)。DMED组显效17例(42.5%),有效9例(22.5%),总有效率65%。非DMED组显效28例(46.7%),有效16例(26.7%),总有效率73.3%。DMED和非DMED2组间统计学处理差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:伐地那非治疗能显著改善老年DMED患者的勃起能力,提高生活质量。