肝移植中门静脉-内脏曲张静脉吻合在门静脉机化血栓患者的应用

目的:探讨门静脉-内脏曲张静脉吻合在门静脉机化血栓患者肝移植中的应用。方法:对门静脉和肠系膜上静脉均完全被机化血栓阻塞的7例患者实施肝移植,其中3例供体门静脉-曲张冠状静脉吻合;2例髂静脉搭桥供体门静脉和脾门旁曲张的静脉吻合;1例采用供体门静脉-胆总管前曲张静脉吻合;1例供体门静脉—曲张的胃网膜右静脉吻合。结果:7例手术全部成功。1例术后7d死于多脏器功能衰竭,但是门静脉血流一直通畅。1例术后6个月发现吻合口狭窄,术后9个月采用经皮肝穿刺门静脉支架置入治愈;其余患者分别随访12～22个月,门静脉血流均通畅,无狭窄或血栓形成,肝、肾功能正常。结论:肝移植中对门静脉和肠系膜上静脉均完全被机化血栓阻塞的患者,行供体门静脉-曲张内脏静脉吻合可取得良好疗效。     

Early Vein Reconstruction and Right-to-Left Dissection for Left-Sided Pancreatic Tumors with Portal Vein Occlusion

Large left-sided pancreatic tumors are frequently associated with portal vein (PV) and/or superior mesenteric vein (SMV) occlusion. Traditionally, vein reconstruction is deferred until after removal of the tumor. However, division of venous collaterals, as is done in a typical left-to-right fashion, leads to progressive portal hypertension and increased risk of variceal hemorrhage during the dissection. Conversely, early PV/SMV resection and reconstruction restores mesenteric-portal flow and decompresses varices, thereby enabling a safer and easier right-to-left pancreatic resection. This “How I Do It” report describes the technique and advantages of a “reconstruction-first” approach for large left-sided pancreatic tumors with venous involvement and left-sided portal hypertension.     

Should the Distal Splenorenal Shunt be Combined with Gastric Disconection and Transection?

Background: This study was aimed at evaluating advantages of distal splenorenal shunt (DSRS) with splenopancreatic and gastric disconnection (DSRS-SPGD) over DSRS with splenopancreatic disconnection (DSRS-SPD) and standard DSRS (S-DSRS). Methods: DSRS-SPGD, DSRS-SPD, and S-DSRS were performed on 62, 7, and 55 patients, respectively, from 1970 to 1992. Comparison was performed in the following aspects: (1) long-term results in ratio of rebleeding, survival rate, and quality of life and (2) portal hemodynamics evaluated by preoperative and postoperative angiography. Portal blood flow was assessed by the ratio of the diameter of portal vein (PV) to superior mesenteric vein (SMV), and shunt selectivity was evaluated by selectivity grade.Results: Incidence of rebleeding was significantly lower in patients who underwent DSRS-SPGD than in those who underwent S-DSRS (p< 0.05). Grade 0 and I performance status was better in patients who underwent DSRS-SPGD. Accumulated survival ratio for 5 and 7 years was 78.3% and 70.5% in patients who underwent DSRS-SPGD, 59.7% and 44.1% in patients who underwent S-DSRS, and 75% and 75% in patients who underwent DSRS-SPD. Hemodynamic evaluation showed significantly lower PV/SMV ratio and degree of change in PV/SMV ratio of patients who underwent S-DSRS and DSRS-SPD. Many patients who underwent S-DSRS and DSRS-SPD exhibited loss of shunt selectivity at grades II and III. In contrast, patients who underwent DSRS-SPGD maintained satisfactory PV/SMV ratio and selectivity grade.Conclusions: DSRS-SPGD clearly showed advantages in decrease of rebleeding and improvement of quality of life resulting from maintenance of shunt selectivity and portal blood flow.     

Superior mesenteric artery first approach with first jejunal vein‐oriented mesenteric excision in pancreatoduodenectomy

The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) first approach prior to the isolation of the portal vein (PV)/superior mesenteric vein (SMV) from the pancreatoduodenal region during pancreatoduodenectomy was introduced to reduce blood loss due to congestion caused by the PV/SMV first approach. There are several SMA first approaches: the mesenteric approach for pancreatic head cancer and the anterior approach for other periampullary diseases are usually employed at our institution. In these approaches, identification of the first jejunal vein is a critical step to determine the optimal area for lymph node dissection along the SMA (mesoduodenum), and to identify the starting point of the SMA first approach to insulate the flow of the inferior pancreatoduodenal artery. We herein describe our SMA first approach with first jejunal vein‐oriented mesenteric excision during pancreatoduodenectomy.     

门静脉和肠系膜上静脉血栓形成的CT、MRI诊断

目的探讨门静脉（PV）和肠系膜上静脉（SMV）血栓形成的CT、MRI征象及其诊断价值。方法回顾性分析25例经手术与病理证实的PV-SMV血栓形成病例CT和MRI检查资料。结果PV-SMV血栓形成的直接征象CT表现为PV-SMV血管内充盈缺损,PV周围呈轨道样增强;MRI表现为PV和SMV正常流空信号消失;急性、亚急性期血栓T1WI呈等或高信号,T2WI呈高信号;GD-DTPA增强扫描静脉期PV-SMV管腔内对比剂充盈缺损。PV-SMV血栓形成的间接征象包括肠腔扩张积液,肠管积血,肠壁增厚,肠黏膜水肿,薄纸样肠壁,缆绳征,肠系膜积液,肠壁积气,腹腔积液,门静脉海绵样变,肝脏异常灌注。结论CT、MRI是诊断PV-SMV血栓形成最有效的影像检查方法,MRI对PV-SMV血栓形成的定位、定量及血栓的分期优于CT。     

扩大胰十二指肠切除术中联合肝动脉、肝固有动脉与髂内静脉切除重建应用的可行性研究

目的探讨在行扩大胰十二指肠切除联合血管切除术中应用肝动脉(HA)或肝固有动脉(PHA)与肠系膜上动脉(SMA)吻合、髂内静脉(IIV)与肠系膜上静脉(SMV)或门静脉(PV)吻合应用的可行性。方法解剖20具成人尸体的HA、PHA、SMA、SMV、PV、左IIV及右IIV,测量各血管长度、血管壁厚度和血管直径;用多层螺旋CT扫描、磁共振血管成像、彩色多普勒、选择性动脉造影检测20例胰头癌患者和本组5例患者的上述血管,并进行比对。根据比对结果,对5例已经发生血管浸润的胰头癌行扩大胰十二指肠切除术,行HA或PHA与SMA、IIV与SMV或PV吻合重建。结果尸体的HA-PHA长度为(5.50±1.50)cm,血管壁厚度为(0.20±0.01)mm,血管直径为(5.02±1.32)mm;SMA长度为(4.00±1.00)cm,血管壁厚度为(0.21±0.01)mm,血管直径为(6.05±1.06)mm。左IIV、右IIV及PV主干或SMV血管直径分别为(11.06±0.16)mm、(11.10±0.13)mm及(11.56±0.20)mm;左IIV、右IIV及PV主干或SMV的管壁厚度分别为(0.10±0.01)mm、(0.10±0.02)mm和(0.10±0.02)mm。活体多层螺旋CT扫描、磁共振血管成像、彩色多普勒、选择性动脉造影显示HA或PHA和SMA管壁厚度及血管直径分别稍比尸体解剖大0.1 mm和0.3 mm,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而HA-PHA的长度比SMA长1～2 cm(P<0.05)。5例行扩大胰十二指肠切除术同时联合HA或PHA和SMA、IIV和PV或SMV切除重建患者的生存期均长于同期姑息性或放弃手术者,无一例发生远期并发症。结论有血管侵犯的胰头癌不是根治术的绝对禁忌证;就本组5例扩大胰十二指肠切除联合血管切除重建的患者比同期发生血管浸润的胰头癌仅施行探查或姑息性手术的33例患者生存时间而言,前者生存时间明显延长;HA或PHA和IIV是最好的自体血管代用材料,没有明显增加术后并发症;熟识尸体局部解剖结构对手术医生有一定的指导性意义。     

螺旋CT血管造影在胰头癌手术中的价值

目的 探讨术前螺旋CT血管造影(SCTA)诊断局部进展期胰头癌侵犯胰周大血管在胰头癌手术中的价值.方法 92例横断面CT检查疑似局部进展期的胰头痛病人,术前均进行了sCTA检查,评价胰头癌侵犯血管的情况.根据不同的分级,采取不同的术中探查方式和术式.结果 45例胰头癌病人SMV/PV受侵2级以下,施行了经典胰十二指肠切除术.其中受侵1～2级的12例术中探查证实肿瘤与血管之间是粘连和慢性炎症表现.13例SMV/PV受侵3～4级,长度低于2 cm的,行联合血管切除(PVR)的胰十二指肠切除术,直接端端吻合重建门静脉.而SMV/PV受侵4级,长度2 cm以上的34例,5例行联合PVR的胰头癌切除术,其中胰十二指肠切除术4例,全胰切除术1例,均采用Gore-Tex人工血管植入重建门静脉.其余29例SMV/PV受侵长度3 cm以上,术中探查不可切除,行胆管空肠内引流术,其中6例同时行胃卒肠吻合术.结论 术前SCTA检查可精确诊断胰头癌侵犯胰周大血管的情况,藉此可在术中选择不同的探查方式和术式.     

Living donor liver transplantation for the patients with portal vein thrombosis: use of an interpositional venous graft passed posteriorly to the pancreatic parenchyma without using jump graft

Background

It is difficult to reconstruct the portal vein (PV) using a long interpositional venous graft in living donor liver transplant (LDLT) patients with portal vein thrombosis (PVT), which involves the confluence of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and splenic vein (SV). We successfully performed LDLT for three patients with PVT using an interpositional vascular conduit passing posterior to the pancreas without a jump graft.

Methods

Three of 130 patients who underwent LDLT in our hospital between March 2002 and June 2011 required this technique. After indentifying the location of the SMV, SV and gastrocolic trunk, we ligated and cut the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal vein and other short branches from the PV. The PV was drawn inferiorly to the pancreas and transected at the confluence of SMV and SV. The external iliac vein or internal jugular vein was sacrificed as a graft for anastomosis to the cut end of the SMV using 6-0 polypropylene running sutures. Then the venous graft was drawn superiorly to the pancreas by passing it posterior to the pancreas parenchyma for anastomosis to the liver graft PV. The interpositional vein was placed posterior to the pancreas where the PV used to be.

Results

All three patients displayed favorable postoperative courses with the Doppler ultrasound demonstrating good portal flow perioperatively. The postoperative portogram demonstrated patency of the vascular graft.

Conclusion

This method is easy and helpful to treat portal vein thrombosis, by providing the shortest route between the PV of the donor and the SMV of the recipient.     

联合门静脉／肠系膜上静脉切除的胰头癌根治术

目的探讨胰头癌侵犯门静脉（portalvein，PV）和（／或）肠系膜上静脉（superior mesentericvein，SMV）时根治切除的可行性。方法回顾分析11例PV／SMV受侵的胰头癌患者临床资料，均行扩大胰十二指肠切除术。其中7例行血管壁部分切除，3例行血管节段性切除及对端吻合，1例行受侵血管切除＋人工血管移植。脾静脉与SMV端侧吻合4例，脾静脉结扎3例。消化道重建采用Child术式。结果本组PV阻断时间平均为18．1（9～32）min。全组患者术后均未发生血管栓塞、肠坏死、肝衰竭等并发症，均康复出院。11例均获随访，时间6～20个月，3例术后1年内死亡，4例术后1—2年死亡，患者平均生存时间15（7～20）个月。结论对单纯侵犯PV／SMV的胰头癌施行联合PV／SMV切除的胰头癌扩大根治术是安全可行的。     

Single center experience of 39 patients with preoperative portal vein thrombosis among 404 adult living donor liver transplantations.

Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for patients with portal vein thrombosis (PVT) involves technical difficulty. The aim of this research was to analyze their preoperative diagnosis of PVT, operative procedures, and postoperative courses of patients with preoperative PVT. Thirty-nine patients of 404 adult patients (9.7%) undergoing LDLT in our hospital from 1996 June to 2004 December had PVT at their transplantation. Twenty-nine patients had intractable ascites, 21 had gastrointestinal bleeding, and 18 had encephalopathy. The thrombus was located in the portal trunk in 23, in the portal trunk and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) in 7, and developed into the SMV and the splenic vein in 8. The occlusive grade was partial in 29, and complete in 10 patients. The thrombus was removed by a simple technique, and eversion and/or incision technique, or total removal of the portal vein (PV). The PV was reconstructed with the thrombectomized native PV, with an interposed vein graft, or porto-caval hemitransposition. Advanced PVT had a significant impact on blood loss and hospital mortality. Three out of 10 patients with residual PVT required radiological and/or surgical intervention after transplantation. In conclusion, thorough planning is essential for a successful LDLT outcome for patients with preexisting PVT.     

Color Doppler Imaging Predicts Portal Invasion by Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

Background Tumor infiltration of the intima of the portal vein (PV) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) by pancreatic adenocarcinoma is classically considered a criterion for unsuitability for resection and poor prognosis. This study was performed to evaluate modern color duplex imaging (CDI) for the assessment of PV/SMV infiltration by pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Method From 1994 to 2005, Whipple’s procedure or pylorus-preserving pancreato-duodenectomy (PPPD) was performed in 303 patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma; 35 of these underwent partial PV/SMV resection. Applying a previously reported CDI score, we evaluated the integrity of the echogenic border layer between the vein and tumor (mural demarcation) and maximum blood flow velocity (V _max) in the PV segment in contact with the tumor. The results were compared to the final histological findings in the resected venous walls. Results CDI findings correlated well with the histological invasion grades. By measuring V _max and evaluating mural demarcation, we observed a sensitivity of 66.7% and 100% and a specificity of 98.3% and 93.9%, respectively, in predicting full thickness vein invasion, including the intima. V _max above 80 cm/s and lack of mural demarcation were predictors of PV/SMV invasion. The postoperative survival rates depended on the depth of tumor infiltration into the PV/SMV. Conclusions Modern CDI is a reliable and valid technique for evaluation of morphological and hemodynamic parameters in the portal vein segment adjacent to pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Maximal blood-flow velocity in the portal segment in contact with the tumor and absence of the echogenic vessel-parenchymal sonographic interface are parameters predictive of tumor infiltration of the portal intima.     

Portal Vein Pull-Through Technique and Thrombectomy for Extensive Portal Vein Thrombosis

BackgroundHerein, a different technique is presented describing complete dissection of the entire portal vein (PV), superior mesenteric vein (SMV), and splenic vein, thus enabling a complete thrombectomy without the risk of uncontrolled hemorrhage due to blind thrombectomy.MethodsIn cases where a thrombectomy would not be an option because of extensive thrombosis involving the confluence of the PV and SMV, small branches of the SMV, including the inferior mesenteric vein, were divided. Both the SMV and splenic vein were encircled separately. Then, the side branches of the PV above the pancreas, left gastric vein on the left side, and superior pancreatoduodenal vein on the right side were divided. The lateral and posterior part of the PV were dissected within the pancreas both from above and below, allowing the main PV completely free from attachments. At this point, the splenic vein and SMV were clamped, and the main PV was divided above the pancreas and then pulled back through the pancreatic tunnel. The thrombus was easily dissected of the vein under direct visualization, and afterward the PV was redirected to its original position. Then, the liver transplant was carried out in a regular fashion.ResultsThis technique was applied to 2 patients. The first was a 43-year-old man who underwent a right lobe living donor liver transplant because of hepatitis B virus–related cirrhosis. The patient is still alive and well with stable liver function after 15 years of follow-up. The second was a 69-year-old woman who underwent a right lobe living donor liver transplant because of hepatitis C virus and hepatocellular carcinoma. She survived the procedure and her liver function was entirely normal afterward. She died of pneumonia and sepsis 5 months after transplant.ConclusionsThis technique enables complete dissection of the entire PV, SMV, and splenic vein. Thus, complete thrombectomy under direct visualization without the risk of uncontrolled hemorrhage can be performed.     

Segmental resection and wedge excision of the portal or superior mesenteric vein during pancreatoduodenectomy

BACKGROUND: Resection of the portal/superior mesenteric vein (PV/SMV) during pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is disputed. Although morbidity and mortality are acceptable, survival is limited after PV/SMV resection. In this study, we evaluate the effect of PV/SMV resection. METHODS: Between 1992 and 1998, there were 215 consecutive patients who underwent PD for malignant disease. Thirty-four patients underwent a PV/SMV resection. Resection was only performed when minimal venous ingrowth was found perioperatively. Surgical techniques, perioperative parameters, and survival were analyzed. RESULTS: The percentage of PV/SMV resections was 16%. Extensive (segment) resections were performed in 6 patients. The median blood loss was 1.8 L and resection margins were microscopically tumor free in 41% of the patients. The median hospital stay was 15 days, and mortality was 0%. Median survival after PV/SMV resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma was 14 months. CONCLUSIONS: Limited PV/SMV resection for perioperatively encountered minimal venous ingrowth during PD can be performed safely without increased morbidity and mortality but also results in a high frequency of tumor-positive resection margins.     

肠系膜上静脉／门静脉切除在胰腺癌根治切除中的临床价值探讨

目的探讨在胰十二指肠切除术中,为达到根治切除目的,联合肠系膜上静肪/门静脉（SMV／PV）切除的临床价值。方法回顾性分析1999年1月-2005年12月间天津医科大学附属肿瘤医院118例胰腺癌行胰十二指肠切除术患者,其中21例联合了不同程度的SMV／PV的切除,对两组患者的临床病理特征、并发症发生率、围手术期死亡率及预后进行分析。结果两组间在手术并发症、围手术期死亡率及术后生存率上比较无统计学差异。血管切除组中,共有8例患者术后病理证实SMV／PV受累,预后较差。但与同期未切除受累血管、断端阳性患者相比,血管切除组预后好于癌残留组（P〈0．01）。结论对于胰头癌局部浸润SMV／PV,但无远处转移的患者,应积极行手术切除。胰腺癌联合SMV／PV切除可以有效提高手术切除率,但并未增加术后并发症及围手术期死亡率。联合SMV／PV切除对提高胰腺癌的根治率和生存率有重要的意义。     

Preoperative indications for extended pancreatectomy for locally advanced pancreas cancer involving the portal vein.

This retrospective study attempted to determine the indications for extended pancreatectomy for locally advanced carcinoma of the pancreas, in terms of postoperative prognosis. An extended pancreatectomy with portal vein or superior mesenteric vein (PV/SMV) resection and regional lymphadenectomy was performed in 35 of 50 consecutive cancers that extended into the retroperitoneal spaces and involved the PV or SMV. Among the many background factors in the 35 resected specimens, the degree of PV/SMV invasion by the cancer was most closely associated with prognosis, despite resection of all involved PV/SMV. This factor generally correlated with the preoperative findings on the portal phase of superior mesenteric arteriograph. In 17 selected patients in whom PV/SMV invasion had been angiographically both semicircular or less and 1.2 cm (1.4 cm on the film) or less in length, the 3-year survival rate was 59%. This survival rate was significantly higher than the 29% 3-year survival rate in all 35 patients (p less than 0.05). Conversely, among the 18 patients in whom invasion was angiographically either beyond semicircular or more than 1.2 cm (1.4 cm on the film) in length, there were no 1.5-year survivors, and this result was even worse than that of 15 nonresectable cases. Based on postoperative survival, the degrees of PV/SMV invasion on preoperative angiography (narrowing pattern and length) are good indicators for aggressive pancreatectomy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer.     

Treatment of superior mesenteric and portal vein thrombosis with direct thrombolytic infusion via an operatively placed mesenteric catheter

Acute superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and portal vein (PV) thrombosis can be a complication of hypercoagulable, inflammatory, or infectious states. It can also occur as a complication of medical or surgical intervention. Management of mesenteric and portal vein thrombosis includes both operative and nonoperative approaches. Operative interventions include thrombectomy with thrombolysis; this is often employed for patients who present with signs of peritoneal irritation. Nonoperative approaches can be either noninvasive or invasive. Treatment with anticoagulation has been shown to be efficacious, though its rate of recanalization is not as high as with intravascular infusion of thrombolytics. Intravenous catheterization and thrombolytic infusion has the advantage of direct pharmacologic thrombolysis of clot, with decreased infusion required and the possibility to carry out dilation or thrombectomy concurrently. We report the use of recombinant tissue-plasminogen activator (rt-PA) infusion via an operatively placed multi side-hole catheter/5-Fr introducer sheath into the right portal and superior mesenteric vein clot, inserted through a small jejunal vein, in a patient who presented with acute gangrenous appendicitis and thrombosis of the main portal trunk and superior mesenteric vein. A temporary abdominal closure was maintained until 36 hours after the start of infusion of the rt-PA. At this time venous system had normal flow, with complete recanalization of the right portal and superior mesenteric veins.     

肠系膜上静脉“胰后干”和门静脉干测量及临床意义

目的 为提高近端胆管癌和壶腹周围癌的手术切除率,使该区域受肿瘤浸润的血管能一并与肿瘤器官同时切除,并使血管直接重建。方法 本组在实施肝门胆管癌切除术及胰十二指肠切除术中,对术中病人的肝蒂内门内的肠系膜上静脉干即“胰后干”（ｐｏｓｔ－ｐａｎｃｒｅａｓ－ｔｒｕｎｋＰＰＴ）进行解剖学定位并进行分段测量长度及可以纵向折叠的长度,以皮估计可切除的静脉长度及重新再建血管的长度。结果 测量肝蒂内站静脉干１０４例     

门静脉、肠系膜上静脉的解剖与临床应用的初步研究

目的 为提高肝门胆管癌和壶腹周围癌的手术切除率,使该区域受肿瘤浸润的血管能同时切除,血管直接重建提供解剖学依据.方法 在实施肝门胆管癌切除术及胰十二指肠切除术中,对病人的肝蒂内门静脉干、胰腺钩突内的肠系膜上静脉干进行解剖学定位并分段测量长度及可以纵向折叠的长度,以此估计可切除的静脉长度及重新再建血管的长度.结果 测量肝蒂内门静脉干104例,男性(5.8±1.99)cm,女性(5.5±O.81)cm,优势长度大于4.5cm者,男性56例占76.7%,女性25例占80.6%.胰腺钩突内段肠系膜上静脉干测量54例,男性(3.7±0.77)cm,女性(3.5±0.64)cm,优势长度大于3.0cm者,男性28例占77.6%,女性14例占77.8%.门静脉纵向折叠移动的范围在1.8～4.2cm,平均折叠2.2(1.8～2.4)cm者占66.3%,平均折叠2.8(2.5～4.2)cm者占33.7%.切除胰十二指肠后胰腺钩突内肠系膜上静脉段纵向折叠范围平均4.0cm,最长达5.2cm.结论 肝门胆管癌和壶腹周围癌切除术合并受浸血管切除在一定范围是可行的.     

门静脉节段切除治疗进展期胰腺癌

目的 研究侵犯门静脉（PV）的胰腺癌的切除方法及治疗效果。方法 对22例胰腺癌患者在施行胰十二指肠切除或胰体尾部切除时清扫区域淋巴结，并联合切除受侵犯的一段PV或肠系膜上静脉（SMV）。结果 行PV或SMV楔形切除修补者6例，节段切除者8例，其中5例行端端吻合，2例行自体大隐静脉移植，1例行肠系膜上静脉下腔静脉转流。平均手术时间7.，平均术中输血600ml，无围手术期死亡。22例患者全部得到随访，存活6个月1例，12个月3例，18个月6例，24个月8例，36个月4例。结信纸 侵犯PV和（或）SMV的胰腺癌切除加广泛淋巴清扫是安全可行的，且能延长患者的生存期。     

肠系膜上动脉路径在胰十二指肠切除及合并血管切除术中的应用

目的：探讨经肠系膜上动脉途径行胰头十二指肠切除及合并血管切除的可行性及优劣。 方法：2012年9月—2014年2月采用肠系膜上动脉旁路径的方法实施胰头十二指肠切除术治疗胰头癌及壶腹周围癌16例,其中实施门静脉、肠系膜上静脉切除重建手术5例。患者均首先显露、游离肠系膜上动、静脉并清除其周围的神经淋巴组织,再打通胰后隧道并切断胰腺颈部,最后切除胰腺钩突或被侵犯的门静脉、肠系膜上静脉。 结果：15例术后顺利恢复后出院,1例术后出现肾功能衰竭、肺部感染,放弃治疗自动出院。术中平均出血量为470 mL,平均手术时间4.5 h,无手术中及术后死亡。5例术后出现胰瘘等并发症,均经保守治疗后痊愈。切缘病理检查均阴性,淋巴结及后腹膜神经、淋巴组织阳性检出率较高。 结论：经肠系膜上动脉途径行胰头十二指肠切除术治疗胰头癌及壶腹周围癌安全可行,并可增加R0切除率。