Nature of factors inactivating postural asymmetry factor on intial stages of compensatory adjustments in animals with unilateral destruction of the motor neocortex

I. P. Pavlov Department of Physiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR. Department of Normal Physiology, I. P. Pavlov First Leningrad Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. N. Klimov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 108, No. 10, pp. 402–404, October, 1989.     

Activity of postural asymmetry factors in symmetrical regions of the rat spinal cord

I. P. Pavlov Department of Physiology, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. P. Bekhtereva.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 107, No. 4, pp. 404–407, April, 1989.     

基于脑卒中后运动康复领域的运动想象的研究

脑卒中后造成的神经性损伤是目前导致患者运动功能性障碍的主要原因之一,为社会和患者家庭造成巨大的精神和经济负担。运动想象易学习、成本低,是辅助脑卒中后患者康复的重要手段之一,对改善患者运动功能障碍、提高生活质量具有重要意义。本文主要总结运动想象对脑卒中后康复的积极作用,概述运动想象的生理表现和理论模式、运动想象能力的影响因素、运动想象能力的评分标准,并分析目前运动想象在辅助脑卒中后患者运动功能的康复治疗过程中存在的实验对象单一、评估方法主观化、实验设备分辨率低等缺陷,希望帮助脑卒中后患者更加科学、有效地使用运动想象疗法。     

Effect of cerebrospinal fluid from donors with compensated unilateral motor disorders on recovery of recipients with motor deficit after analogous trauma

I. P. Pavlov Department of Physiology, Research Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 110, No. 11, pp. 464–466, November, 1990.     

Parallel and sequential information processing in animals as a function of different hemispheres

The procedure of motor-food conditioned reflexes in conjunction with unilateral decortication of the hemispheres by means of spreading depression was used in experiments on 53 rats. Differentiation of geometric figures, combined into simultaneous complexes or chain stimuli, presented simultaneously or sequentially, was developed. It was shown that lateralization of predominant disturbances of analysis depends not on the type of stimuli used, but on the nature of their presentation. In the case of simultaneous presentation, the most profound disturbances occurred after the right hemisphere was disconnected, and in the case of sequential presentation, as a result of inactivation of the left hemisphere. The presence of a simultaneous processor in the right hemisphere of the animals and a sequential processor in the left is suggested.Translated from Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR imeni I. M. Sechenova, Vol. 68, No. 6, pp. 723–728, June, 1982.     

Induction of postural asymmetry in an intact recipient by brain extract from a donor with the same syndrome

An attempt was made at the direct transfer of postural asymmetry, following removal of half the anterior lobe of the cerebellum in rats, to a recipient. Asymmetry of the hind limbs was shown to appear in spinal animals after injection of brain extract of pathological donors into their subdural space below the level of transection. The specificity of the resulting asymmetry depending on the side of injury to the donor's cerebellum was revealed. The asymmetry of the recipient completely copied the asymmetry of the donor. Brain extracts from control animals did not induce asymmetry. Additional confirmation was obtained of the polypeptide nature of the factor stimulating the development of postural asymmetry. Treatment of the extract with pronase deprived it of its activity.Laboratory of Physiological Mechanisms of Memory Control, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. N. Veselkin.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 8, pp. 147–150, August, 1978.     

左心辅助循环后心肌功能恢复的预测研究

左心辅助装置 (left ventricular assist device,L VAD)作为一种重度心衰的抢救措施及等待心脏移植阶段的过渡支持 ,近年来已取得长足进步 ,临床应用的病例数不断增加 ,抢救了许多濒死患者的生命。患者是否可以撤离 L VAD,何时撤离 L VAD,目前主要依据患者心功能的恢复情况而定。能否在用 L VAD前通过测定一些简单的、无创伤的指标来预测患者的愈后 ,该用什么指标 ,这对于临床有着重要意义 ,然而这些问题尚未弄清楚。本文就该方面研究的近况作一综述     

Septal lesions and the recovery of function in the juvenile hamster

Recovery of function of social behavior, hoarding, nesting, and weight gain was investigated in the juvenile hamster following bilateral septal lesions. Hamsters receiving septal lesions during the juvenile period showed as much disruption in behavior as animals receiving septal lesions as adults. As compared to control animals, both septal lesioned groups were more aggressive, showed a reduction in hoarding behavior, lost the ability to build nests, and gained significantly more weight.     

肝尾状叶切除术中寻找肝静脉的探讨

目的　为肝尾状叶切除术提供解剖学依据。方法　选择 6 0例肝脏标本 ,对紧贴尾状叶的肝中、肝左、肝右静脉段进行解剖和形态观测。结果　紧贴尾状叶的肝中、肝左、肝右静脉从下至上距尾状叶脏面的距离越来越小 ,从下至上彼此的间距亦越来越小 ;肝中、肝左、肝右静脉不在同一平面 5 2例 (8 6 7% )。结论　在尾状叶切除术中 ,先找到肝中静脉末端之后 ,才能更容易寻找肝中、肝左、肝右静脉     

脑磁图在大脑感觉运动功能区占位性病变患者中的应用

目的：探讨脑磁图（MEG）在大脑皮层感觉、运动功能区占位性病变患者中的应用价值.方法：对81例大脑皮层感觉和（或）运动功能区及其附近占位性病变患者,应用151信道全头型MEG系统,通过电流刺激正中神经和胫神经确定上、下肢体感皮层的位置,运动皮层分别通过双手食指按压键盘引起的MEG反应来定位.术前将磁源性影像（MSI）通过神经影像导航进行三维重建,了解相应功能区与病变的解剖关系,设计手术入路.感觉功能区病变患者和运动功能区不能确定的患者术中通过电刺激正中神经（或胫神经内踝）使用皮层电极于拟定的中央沟前后的皮层记录体感诱发电位（CSEP）,依据中央沟前后皮层记录到的CSEP具有极性反转的特征来确定中央沟.其中8例患者通过对指运动行功能磁共振（fMRI）检查,在术中唤醒状态下通过电刺激大脑皮层确定运动功能区.结果：81例患者全部定位出感觉功能区,75例患者定位出运动功能区,6例患者因功能障碍或配合差运动功能区不能定位.术后1例患者病变对侧肢体运动障碍加重,其余80例患者无感觉、运动功能损害.结论：术前行MEG功能区定位有助于医生选择合适的手术入路和避免术中损伤脑功能区皮质,最大限度地保护神经功能,减少手术伤残率,提高手术疗效.     

Correlated activity of sensorimotor cortex neurons in the left and right hemispheres of the rabbit brain in immobilization catatonia

Spike sequences extracted from multineuron activity from neurons in the sensorimotor cortex, and recorded simultaneously in the left and right hemispheres of the brains of rabbits in the state of immobilization catatonia (“animal hypnosis”) and on recovery of animals from this state were analyzed. Cross-correlation analysis of spike flows revealed a temporal relationship between the appearance of neuron spikes in the left and right hemispheres; these were regarded as the mutual influences of these neurons on each other. The intensity of the influences of left hemisphere neurons on cells in the right brain was shown to change significantly in relation to baseline measures at all stages of the experiment and at all of the time points studied. The intensity of the influences of neurons in the right hemisphere on cells in the left hemisphere changed significantly only after animals recovered from the state of immobilization and over much more restricted time periods. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel’nosti imeni I. P. Pavlova, Vol. 55, No. 4, 549–557, July–August, 2005.     

护理干预对大鼠脊髓损伤后运动功能修复的影响

目的探索护理干预对脊髓损伤大鼠运动功能恢复程度的影响。方法将60只大鼠随机分为A、B、C共3个组(每组20只),A组为正常对照组,B组为实验对照组,C组为实验组;B组给予常规护理,C组在给予常规护理的基础上给予肌肉按压、关节被动运动、皮肤护理等护理干预。应用BBB评分和斜坡试验评价大鼠脊髓损伤后不同时相点的行为学变化,采用多道生理信号采集系统和电子天平称量,观察大鼠腓肠肌在脊髓损伤后不同时间点肌电反应和肌湿重变化。结果 BBB评分和斜坡试验结果基本一致,C组与B组相比,C组大鼠后肢功能明显改善,但与A组(正常对照组)相比,其后肢功能评分相差很大;腓肠肌肌电反应纤颤电位波幅C组较B组高;腓肠肌湿重下降C组较B组减轻。结论护理干预可延缓肌肉萎缩速度、改善运动功能,促进损伤脊髓功能的部分运动功能恢复。     

Critical timing of sensorimotor cortex lesions for the recovery of motor skills in the developing cat

Forelimb movements and motor skills were studied in adult cats in order to determine the effect of brain damage inflicted at different postnatal ages. The unilateral lesion included the cortical areas from which the pyramidal tract originates in cat: areas 4 and 6 corresponding to the motor cortex; areas 3, 2 and 1 corresponding to the primary somatosensory cortex; and part of area 2 prae-insularis corresponding to the secondary somatosensory cortex. Forelimb performance of a food-retrieving task requiring proximal as well as distal muscles was assessed by comparing the limb contralateral to the damaged hemisphere (affected limb) with the limb contralateral to the intact hemisphere (non-affected limb) that appeared to perform the task as well as both limbs of control animals. In simple task-related movements, all operated animals were rapidly able to achieve the goal with the affected limb, whatever the age at lesion. In complex tasks, the ability to achieve the goal with the affected limb decreased with increasing age at lesion. Recovery of distal skills, i.e. grasping and wrist rotation, did not occur in animals operated on after the 23rd postnatal day (PND), and recovery of proximal skills, i.e. amplitude and precision of the reaching movement, did not occur in animals operated on after the 45th PND. The critical time for the recovery of distal skills lies somewhere between the 23rd and 30th PND, whereas for the recovery of proximal skills it lies somewhere between the 45th and 60th PND. These critical dates for the recovery of motor skills support the Kennard doctrine. Different critical times for proximal and distal skills may be explained in terms of different stages of sensorimotor development in kitten. It is hypothesised that recovery only occurs if brain damage is inflicted before maturation of the nervous system underlying a given motor skill.     

儿童房间隔缺损封堵术前后血液动力学及心功能的研究

目的:评价儿童房间隔缺损(ASD)封堵术前后的血液动力学及左心功能改变。方法:应用Amplatzer封堵器成功施行经皮股静脉穿刺ASD封堵术患儿10例, 于术前、术后48h、3个月及6个月行超声心动图检查。左心室容积采用面积长度法计算;左心室几何构型采用偏心率及左心室长径/短径比值评价。结果:ASD封堵术后48h, 左心室舒张末期前后径、舒张末期容积增大、每搏量、射血分数及短轴缩短率增大, 左心室偏心率及长径/短径比值缩小(P＜0.05);左心室前负荷、收缩功能及几何构型在短、中期随访中持续改善。术后及短、中期随访中左心室晚期充盈分数, 差异无显著(P＞0.05)。结论:ASD封堵术不仅根治了先天性解剖畸形, 纠正了血液动力学异常, 也改善了左心室收缩功能及几何构型, 在短、中期随访中, 左心室功能及几何构型持续改善。