小梁切除联合巩膜瓣下羊膜植入治疗难治性青光眼

目的观察小梁切除术联合巩膜瓣下羊膜植入治疗难治性青光眼的疗效。方法对28例（35眼）难治性青光眼患者行小梁切除联合巩膜瓣下羊膜植入,观察术后滤过泡的形成、眼压变化、手术成功率和并发症的发生率。结果术后随访12～24个月。滤过泡形成情况：I型滤过泡21眼．Ⅱ型滤过泡9眼,Ⅲ型滤过泡2眼和Ⅳ型滤过泡3眼;其中,功能型滤过泡占85．7％（30／35）,非功能型滤过泡占14．3％（5／35）。眼压情况：术后第3个月,平均眼压（13．1±2．6）mmHg;术后第12个月,平均眼压（15．4±3．1）mmHg。手术总有效率为94．3％（33／35）,主要并发症为前房渗出性反应5眼,前房有少量积血1眼（为新生血管性青光眼）,均在1周内消退。结论小梁切除联合巩膜瓣下羊膜植入术能有效提高难治性青光眼的手术成功率。     

复合式小梁切除术联合巩膜瓣下羊膜植入治疗难治性青光眼

目的 观察复合式小梁切除术联合巩膜瓣F羊膜植入治疗难治性青光眼的临床疗效.方法 对32例(40眼)行复合式小梁切除术联合巩膜瓣下羊膜植入,观察术后滤过泡的形成以及眼压变化和并发症的发生.随访3～24个月.结果 滤过泡:Ⅰ、Ⅱ型滤过泡34眼,Ⅲ、Ⅳ型滤过泡6眼;眼压:术后3个月平均眼压(13.2±2.7)mmHg,术后12个月平均眼压(15.6±3.1)mmHg.,结论复合式小梁切除术联合巩膜瓣下羊膜植入治疗难治性青光眼能有效提高手术成功率.     

小梁切除联合双瓣下羊膜植入术后青光眼滤过泡形成的临床观察

目的探讨青光眼小梁切除术术中同时羊膜植入巩膜及球结膜瓣下滤过泡形成的临床疗效。方法对46例46眼青光眼患者施行小梁切除联合巩膜及结膜瓣下羊膜植入术。术后随访6—24个月。结果所有患者术后球结膜滤过泡形成良好，无透明泡、漏水泡或扁平泡出现。最终随访时平均眼压（15．86±4．00）mmHg（1kPa=7．5mmHg），明显低于术前（29．65±5．76）mmHg。最终随访时形成功能性滤过泡42眼。结论小梁切除联合巩膜及结膜瓣下羊膜植入术能有效地促进青光眼功能性滤过泡的形成．避免了诸如结膜菲薄型青光眼或急性闭角型青光眼球结膜下筋膜囊黏连所引起的远期术后滤过泡形成不良的并发症。[眼科新进展2007；27（3）：224-225]     

巩膜池成形联合小梁切除及羊膜植入术治疗青光眼

目的:探讨巩膜池成形联合小梁切除及羊膜植入术治疗青光眼的临床疗效。方法:将临床收治的196例276眼青光眼患者施行巩膜池成形联合小梁切除及羊膜植入术,对比术后与术前眼压、并发症、房水流畅系数、滤过泡形态。随访3～16mo。结果:眼压术后1wk及1a不用降眼压药物情况下眼压控制在16～21mmHg;并发症:浅前房、低眼压及脉络膜脱离发生率低于10%;房水流畅系数平均0.28Cumm/min.mmHg;滤过泡形态为功能性滤过泡。结论:巩膜池成形联合小梁切除及羊膜植入术治疗青光眼降压效果明显,可以有效的抑制滤过泡的瘢痕组织形成,并发症少,是治疗青光眼安全、有效的手术方法,可以作为常规手术实施。     

巩膜瓣下蓄水池样小梁切除术临床分析

目的探讨巩膜瓣下蓄水池样小梁切除术的临床疗效。方法对26例（32只眼）青光眼患者采用巩膜瓣下蓄水池样小梁切除术,术后观察眼压、滤过泡、并发症及视力,随访6～12个月。结果术后3个月内,32只眼眼压均在正常范围。术后6个月,有1只眼需用1种降眼压药才能使眼压控制在21mmHg以内。滤过泡：功能性滤过泡30只眼,非功能性滤过泡2只眼。并发症：出现浅前房2只眼,其中Ⅰ度1只眼,Ⅱ度1只眼,无Ⅲ度浅前房发生。视力：提高18只眼,不变12只眼,减退2只眼。结论巩膜瓣下蓄水池样小梁切除术引流作用及降眼压效果好,并发症少,值得在临床推广应用。     

生物羊膜在青光眼小梁切除术中的应用

目的探讨生物羊膜在青光眼小梁切除术中应用的疗效。方法对21例(25眼)进行滤过性小梁切除手术,术中用生物羊膜填充在巩膜瓣下层间,进行临床观察。结果 I型、II型滤过泡22眼;Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型非功能型滤过泡3眼。25眼术后1周内眼压≤21mmHg;术后1月,1眼眼压为29mmHg。嘱患者按摩眼球后眼压恢复正常,术后1年2眼眼压≥21mmH经按摩和加用抗青光眼药物(2%盐酸卡替洛尔)均控制在正常范围内。结论生物羊膜在青光眼小梁切除术中应用,提高了滤过性小梁切除手术成功率。     

改良小梁切除联合巩膜瓣可拆除的连续缝合术

目的研究小梁切除联合巩膜瓣可拆除的连续缝合对青光眼术后维持前房的作用。方法36例42眼开角型和闭角型青光眼施行此改良的手术。做以角膜缘为基底部的结膜瓣,用显微巩膜咬切器行小梁咬切,并做巩膜瓣连续缝合,结膜下组织和结膜分开缝合。结果36例42眼术后1周眼压在21mmHg以下者37眼(88.09%),术后2周42眼的平均眼压15.23mmHg,较术前平均眼压降低21.34mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),早期形成前房,滤过泡满意。结论改良青光眼小梁切除联合巩膜瓣可拆除的连续缝合能减少手术后并发症,效果良好。     

生物羊膜在青光眼小梁切除术中应用的临床观察

目的:探讨生物羊膜在青光眼小梁切除术中应用的疗效。方法:对16例(16眼)进行滤过性小梁切除手术,术中用生物羊膜填充在巩膜瓣下层间,进行临床观察。结果:I型、II型滤过泡13眼;Ⅲ型滤过泡3眼。在术后1mo眼压16眼均在正常范围内;术后6mo,14眼眼压≤21mmHg,有2眼需用药物控制在正常范围。结论:生物羊膜在青光眼小梁切除术中应用,提高了滤过性小梁切除手术成功率。     

难治性青光眼小梁切除术术中调整巩膜瓣缝线的效果

目的探讨小梁切除术术中调整巩膜瓣缝线联合应用丝裂霉素C（MMC）治疗难治性青光眼的效果。方法对58例（58眼）难治性青光眼采取小梁切除术，术中调整巩膜瓣缝线并应用MMC。观察术后视力、滤过泡、角膜、前房、晶状体、眼底、眼压等。随访6～18月。结果术后有50眼（86．21％）的眼压≤21mmHg；3眼（5．17％）加用眼局部降眼压药物治疗，眼压〈30mmHg；5眼（8．62％）的眼压无改善。结论在小梁切除术术中调整巩膜瓣缝线联合应用MMC是治疗难治性青光眼的有效方法之一。     

巩膜瓣顶角可调节缝线在闭角型青光眼手术中的应用

目的:探讨巩膜瓣顶角可调节缝线在闭角型青光眼患者小梁切除联合巩膜瓣下生物羊膜植入术中的应用价值.方法:回顾性分析行小梁切除联合巩膜瓣下生物羊膜植入术的闭角型青光眼患者94例106眼临床资料,根据其术中是否应用巩膜瓣顶角可调节缝线的情况分为研究组54例60眼(术中应用巩膜瓣顶角可调节缝线)和对照组40例46眼(术中未应用巩膜瓣顶角可调节缝线).观察比较两组患者术后2 wk内早期浅前房、持续性浅前房及相关并发症发生情况,分析其术后3 mo内功能性滤过泡形成情况,记录术前及术后1 mo眼压改善情况.结果:术后2 wk内,研究组早期浅前房及持续性浅前房发生率均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后1mo,两组患者眼压均较术前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且研究组手术前后眼压差值显著大于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).术后3mo时,研究组功能性滤过泡形成率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:将巩膜瓣顶角可调节缝线用于小梁切除联合巩膜瓣下生物羊膜植入术中,可有效降低浅前房发生风险,对改善闭角型青光眼患者眼压、功能性滤过泡形成等具有积极意义.     

Strabisme Alternant - Etude clinique - traitement

The author defines motor and sensory alternation: the term alternation should not be used in isolation, it should always be accompanied by the name of the parameter concerned. Sensory alternation is always found together with motor alternation but the reverse is not true.The examining criteria for a diagnosis of sensory alternation are given, sensory alternation must not be confused with alternating inhibition. Working from clinical observations of cases of motor alternating strabismus, the author selects 2 types of binocular sensory relations which allow one to differentiate between:- cases of primary alternating strabismus- cases of secondary alternating strabismusThese forms will develop in different ways; in both cases a cure is possible providing that the right treatment is prescribed and once prescribed carefully followed, etc. It is always a case of serious forms of strabismus whose developmental period is spread over several years.According to the authors, the frequency of cases of true primary strabismus is from 1–3%, the frequency of cases of secondary alternating strabismus varies according to the type of therapy practised on cases of monocular strabismus with amblyopia. These latter will become cases of alternating strabismus under the influence of certain types of therapy carried out over several years (penalization, rocking, alternated occlusion, etc...).Experimental data on kittens confirm clinical data; kittens placed in abnormal environments during the sensitive period will show modification in the distribution of cortical cells and the absence of binocular cells (either because the excitation of the two eyes was not simultaneous, or not identical: artificial strabismus, occlusion, opaque glasses). This disturbances become irreversible after a certain period of exposure (a function of age, length of exposure, etc...).It is thus necessary to bear in mind: 1) the iatrogenic risks of certain orthoptic treatments, 2) the necessity for a binocular form of treatment as soon as possible, as once a certain stage is passed, cortical plasticity diminishes and the elaboration of normal binocular relations becomes impossible.

---

     

Effects of Adenosine Agonists on Intraocular Pressure and Aqueous Humor Dynamics in Cynomolgus Monkeys

The effects of single or multiple topical doses of the relatively selective A₁adenosine receptor agonists (R)-phenylisopropyladenosine (R-PIA) and N⁶-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on intraocular pressure (IOP), aqueous humor flow (AHF) and outflow facility were investigated in ocular normotensive cynomolgus monkeys. IOP and AHF were determined, under ketamine anesthesia, by Goldmann applanation tonometry and fluorophotometry, respectively. Total outflow facility was determined by anterior chamber perfusion under pentobarbital anesthesia. A single unilateral topical application of R-PIA (20–250 μg) or CHA (20–500 μg) produced ocular hypertension (maximum rise=4.9 or 3.5 mmHg) within 30 min, followed by ocular hypotension (maximum fall=2.1 or 3.6 mmHg) from 2–6 hr. The relatively selective adenosine A₂antagonist 3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine (DMPX, 320 μg) inhibited the early hypertension, without influencing the hypotension. Neither 100 μg R-PIA nor 500 μg CHA clearly altered AHF. Total outflow facility was increased by 71% 3 hr after 100 μg R-PIA. In conclusion, the early ocular hypertension produced by topical adenosine agonists in cynomolgus monkeys is associated with the activation of adenosine A₂receptors, while the subsequent hypotension appears to be mediated by adenosine A₁receptors and results primarily from increased outflow facility.