Absence of epithelial immunoglobulin A transport, with increased mucosal leakiness, in polymeric immunoglobulin receptor/secretory component-deficient mice.

Mucosal surfaces are protected specifically by secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) and SIgM generated through external translocation of locally produced dimeric IgA and pentameric IgM. Their active transport is mediated by the epithelial polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR), also called the transmembrane secretory component. Paracellular passive external transfer of systemic and locally produced antibodies also provides mucosal protection, making the biological importance of secretory immunity difficult to assess. Here we report complete lack of active external IgA and IgM translocation in pIgR knockout mice, indicating no redundancy in epithelial transport mechanisms. The knockout mice were of normal size and fertility but had increased serum IgG levels, including antibodies to Escherichia coli, suggesting undue triggering of systemic immunity. Deterioration of their epithelial barrier function in the absence of SIgA (and SIgM) was further attested to by elevated levels of albumin in their saliva and feces, reflecting leakage of serum proteins. Thus, SIgA did not appear to be essential for health under the antigen exposure conditions of these experimental animals. Nevertheless, our results showed that SIgA contributes to maintenance of mucosal homeostasis. Production of SIgA might therefore be a variable in the initiation of human immunopathology such as inflammatory bowel disease or gluten-sensitive enteropathy.     

Vaccination against Helicobacter pylori - an old companion of man

Helicobacter pylori infection induces an important systemic and mucosal antibody response and a predominant Th1 cellular response. These immune responses, although powerful, fail to eliminate the infection. Studies in animals have shown that prophylactic and therapeutic immunisations are efficacious, although complete protective immunity has usually not been achieved. Initial human trials with recombinant urease showed that a mucosal immune response can be obtained following immunisations, with a decrease in bacterial density, but successful immunisation is still awaited. Progress is being made in several areas of vaccine design. A human vaccine against H. pylori would be favourable in terms of health benefits and costs in developed and developing countries.     

Eradication of Helicobacter pylori: recent advances in treatment

Helicobacter pylori plays a key role in dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric neoplasia and eradication of the infection has become an important treatment goal in clinical practice. Seven-day proton-pump inhibitor-amoxicillin-clarithromycin triple therapy is the current first-line therapy for H. pylori but eradication rates are compromised by poor compliance and antibiotic resistance. Ten-day sequential treatment may emerge as an alternative first-line therapy. Bismuth-based quadruple therapy is the second-line regimen of choice. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing is not recommended in the routine management of H. pylori infection. Novel triple-therapy regimens containing rifabutin, levofloxacin, or furazolidone may be useful alternatives as second- or third-line therapy.     

Helicobacter pylori and non-Helicobacter pylori bacterial flora in gastric mucosal and tumour specimens of patients with primary gastric lymphoma

There is an association between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) and MALT lymphoma. Histologically, mainly non-specific stains are used to detect H. pylori, such as haematoxylin–eosin (HE) or modified Giemsa (MG). In this study, both a MG and a specific immunohistochemical stain (IMM) for H. pylori (Dako B471) were performed on sequential slides of resected material containing tumour and non-tumorous gastric mucosa from patients with primary gastric lymphoma (n = 52). Special attention was paid to the presence of non-H. pylori bacterial flora diagnosed by a positive MG (according to form and localization) and a subsequently negative IMM. On all slides, bacterial density was scored semiquantitatively (grades 0, 1, 2, 3). In total, 32 (61.5%) patients were H. pylori positive using IMM and 34 (65.4%) were non-H. pylori positive using MG. In 24 out of the 34 patients, the non-H. pylori flora consisted mainly of cocci in combination with rods in 15 patients, mostly in minor quantities; in another 10 patients, high numbers of both cocci and different types of rods were present. Most non-H. pylori bacteria were localized superficially, although in 22 patients minor quantities of non-H. pylori were also seen in the glandular lumina. After all of the patients had been analysed, no differences in the density of H. pylori and of non-H. pylori flora were found. Only when comparing patients who had a small-cell lymphoma with those who had a large-cell lymphoma was a significantly higher density of H. pylori found in the corpus mucosa of large-cell lymphomas and a higher prevalence of non-H. pylori was found in tumours, in antrum or corpus, of patients with large-cell lymphomas. In conclusion, with joint evaluation using MG and a H. pylori-specific immunohistochemical stains, the proportion of H. pylori-positive gastric lymphoma patients was lower than in most previous studies but other bacteria were found in a relatively high proportion. The role of the non-H. pylori intragastric bacterial flora identified in this study has to be further elucidated in the aetiopathogenesis of primary gastric lymphoma.     

Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of ciguatoxin in fish tissue using chicken immunoglobulin Y

A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to detect ciguatoxin (CTX) in fish tissue. The assay utilizes two antibodies, chicken immunoglobulin Y specific to the ABCD domain of CTX and a mouse monoclonal immunoglobulin G-horseradish peroxidase conjugate specific to the JKLM domain of CTX. The sensitivity, working range, cross reactivity, accuracy, precision, and reproducibility were examined.     

肾移植前胃镜下胃黏膜病变和幽门螺杆菌感染与血清胃泌素关系的探讨

目的探讨101例肾移植前尿毒症患者胃镜下黏膜病变、Hp感染与血清胃泌素、血尿素氮、肌酐的关系。方法对101例临床确诊为尿毒症的合格病例肾移植前分别进行胃镜检查、Hp检测、血清胃泌素和其他常规检查并对检查结果进行统计学分析。结果101例尿毒症患者均存在不同程度的黏膜病变,胃黏膜病变的严重程度与血尿素氮、肌酐成正比。在合并有糜烂、溃疡、息肉等病变时血清胃泌素均有明显升高,与未合并上述病变的病例组比较差异有显著性。结论Hp感染可以降低胃黏膜的抵抗力,但Hp感染不是尿毒症胃黏膜病变的主要原因。胃黏膜糜烂、溃疡、息肉/息肉样病变患者的血清胃泌素水平明显升高,提示高胃泌素血症可能是尿毒症胃黏膜病变的主要病因。     

Relationship of Helicobacter pylori CagA(+) status to gastric juice vitamin C levels

BACKGROUND: To date it is not known whether gastric juice vitamin C levels are influenced by Helicobacter pylori CagA(+) strains. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to study the impact of H. pylori CagA status on gastric juice vitamin C levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 30 H. pylori(+) patients, and the results were compared with 10 endoscopically and histologically normal H. pylori(-) subjects (control group) who were similar to the H. pylori(+) group in terms of age and sex. In all patients, gastric juice vitamin C levels were determined and the severity of gastritis was graded on a scale of 0 (absent) to 3 (severe). CagA was determined by immunoblotting the sera from patients against H. pylori antigens. RESULTS: Among 30 H. pylori(+) patients, 20 were CagA(+) and 10 CagA(-). In the entire group of H. pylori(+) patients, the median gastric juice vitamin C levels (mg L-1) were 16.35 (range 3.5-33.6) and were significantly lower (P < 0.001) than in the control group of H. pylori(-) patients [35.5 (23.1-50.2)]. In addition, in the entire group of H. pylori(+) patients there was a highly significant (P < 0.0001) inverse correlation between the gastritis activity score and the gastric juice vitamin C levels. In the group of H. pylori CagA(+) patients, the median levels of gastric juice vitamin C were 13.8 (3.5-31.2) and were significantly lower than the corresponding levels in both the H. pylori CagA(-) group [24.8 (22-33.6), P < 0.01] and the H. pylori(-) control group [35.5 (23.1-50.2), P < 0.001], the last groups being similar. Furthermore, the gastritis activity median score in the H. pylori CagA(+) group [2 (1-3)] was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than in the H. pylori CagA(-) group [1 (1-2)]. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that infection with CagA(+) H. pylori strains significantly lowers the gastric juice vitamin C levels in comparison with CagA(-) H. pylori strains, which might have a significant impact on gastric carcinogenesis.     

胃癌中一氧化氮合酶表达与幽门螺旋杆菌以及胃癌血管生成之间的关系

目的研究诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）和内皮型一氧化氮合酶（eNOS）在人胃癌中的表达;探讨两者与人胃癌血管生成和临床病理特征的关系;研究幽门螺旋杆菌（H.pylori）在肿瘤发生机制中对NO的影响。方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测59例胃癌及癌旁组织iNOS和eNOS的表达,快速尿素酶及组织学检测幽门螺旋杆菌。第VⅢ因子相关抗原（F-VⅢRAg）血管内皮细胞特异性染色计数肿瘤微血管密度（MVD）。结果①胃癌组织中iNOS阳性率明显高于癌旁组织,二者之间差异有显著性（P〈0.05）,eNOS的阳性率略高于癌旁组织,二者之间差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。②iNOS、eNOS表达与胃癌分化程度无明显相关。③iNOS表达与胃癌的浸润程度及淋巴结转移呈正相关,eNOS表达与胃癌的浸润程度及淋巴结转移无关。④H.pylori感染与iNOS呈正相关,与eNOS无关。⑤iNOS的表达与胃癌MVD呈正相关,eNOS的表达与胃癌MVD无相关性。结论①iNOS在胃癌的发生发展中起重要作用。②H.pylori在致癌机制中可有iNOS的参与。③iNOS对胃癌血管的生成具有促进作用。     

微阵列酶联免疫吸附试验在临床输血检测中的应用

目的探讨微阵列酶联免疫吸附试验（Array-ELISA）的临床应用价值。方法用ELISA和Array-ELISA同时检测150例样本的人类免疫缺陷病毒抗体（抗-HIV）、梅毒螺旋体抗体（抗-TP）和HBsAg,观察对比两种检测方法的结果。结果两种方法对150例样本的检测结果经卡方检验证明差异无统计学意义。除了HBsAg检测结果的总符合率为96.7%,其余指标检测结果的总符合率均为100.0%。结论Array-ELISA与ELISA试剂盒有极高的符合率,初步证明其可以满足临床输血前检测的要求。     

Maintaining the metabolic homeostasis of Helicobacter pylori through chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus: A hypothesis

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection occurs in almost half of the world's population, most of whom are merely carriers of this microorganism. H. pylori is shown to be detected more frequently in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) than in the general population, which is accompanied by a significantly increased risk of developing H. pylori-associated diseases. In addition, eradication therapy shows a low efficiency for H. pylori infection in patients with DM. There is a relationship between the level of chronic hyperglycemia and a higher detection rate of H. pylori as well as a lower efficiency of eradication therapy in patients with DM. The exact mechanisms of these phenomena are unknown. The authors make a hypothesis that explains the relationship between chronic hyperglycemia and the increased detection rate of H. pylori, as well as the mechanisms contributing to the improved survival of this bacterium in patients with DM during eradication therapy.     

幽门螺杆菌感染对内镜检出早期胃癌及癌前病变的影响

目的 探讨幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染对早期胃癌（EGC）及癌前病变部位、胃黏膜表现及内镜诊断的影响。方法 回顾性分析2018年1月1日-2020年12月31日该院行白光内镜检查（WLE）和Hp检测的1 107例患者的临床资料,分为Hp阴性组（608例）和Hp阳性组（499例）。以病理结果为诊断EGC及癌前病变的金标准,分析Hp感染对EGC及癌前病变部位、内镜下表现及诊断的影响。结果 Hp阳性组中,检出EGC及癌前病变64例,病变以胃窦（45.31%）及胃体（26.56%）多见。Hp阴性组中,检出EGC及癌前病变62例,病变以胃窦（37.10%）及贲门（37.10%）多见。WLE下观察,存在结节或隆起、充血、糜烂及溃疡为Hp阴性EGC及癌前病变的独立危险因素,而存在结节或隆起、糜烂及溃疡为Hp阳性EGC及癌前病变的独立危险因素。虽溃疡为EGC及癌前病变的最强危险因素,但Hp阴性组O■值为26.86,高于Hp阳性组的14.43。进一步分析Hp感染对WLE诊断EGC及癌前病变的影响,Hp阳性组的灵敏度为78.13%,特异度为82.99%,均低于Hp阴性组的80.95%及87.91%。绘制WLE诊...     

Detection and evaluation of salivary antibodies to Helicobacter pylori in dyspeptic patients

Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most prevalent infections in humans. The high prevalence and the association with peptic ulceration and gastric cancer require simple and non-invasive methods for the diagnosis of the infection. Detection of salivary anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies has advantages compared with those on serum. In this study, salivary immunoglobulin G response to H. pylori was evaluated in 100 consecutive dyspeptic patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in comparison with culture and histopathologic examination of gastric biopsy specimens obtained at endoscopic procedures and assessed the accuracy of salivary diagnosis of the infection. The overall sensitivity and specificity of the test were 87 and 73%, respectively. These results suggest that saliva testing for H. pylori antibodies could be used reliably for screening dyspeptic patients in general practice, especially in children in whom venesection is more difficult.     

In situ hybridization for Helicobacter pylori in gastric mucosal biopsy specimens: Quantitative evaluation of test performance in comparison with the clotest and thiazine stain

Numerous detection methods for Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) have been developed with varying degrees of purported diagnostic utility. We have developed a rapid nonradioactive in situ hybridization (ISH) method for H. pylori detection in paraffin-embedded tissue and assessed its relative diagnostic performance by receiver operator characteristics (ROC) in comparison to the thiazine stain and CLOtest. Forty-five patients undergoing endoscopy had antral biopsies and concomitant CLOtest performed. ISH for H. pylori was done using a 22-base, biotin-labeled oligonucleotide probe complementary to a portion of H. pylori 16s rRNA with the following sequence: 5′-GGACATAGGCTGATCTTAGC-3′. ISH using this probe was specific for H. pylori with no cross-reactivity with other bacterial or fungal organisms. Receiver operator characteristic analysis was used to assess the diagnostic performance of ISH and thiazine techniques. ISH and thiazine stains were done on serial sections, reviewed independently, and scored on a graded scale from 1–5 based upon the degree of assurance of H. pylori presence. Diagnostic performance was assessed in “expert” and “nonexpert” pathologist groups with the CLOtest serving as the invariant test for relative test comparison. The ISH test performed slightly better (ROC area 0.9) than the thiazine (ROC area 0.8) in the nonexpert population, but equally well in the “expert” group (ROC area 0.95, 0.95). ISH followed by routine hematoxylin and eosin staining showed detailed mucosal histology with a dramatic visualization of H. pylori along the surface of the foveolar cells with no evidence of lamina propria invasion. In summary, ISH for H. pylori is an excellent test that is specific, easily read, and allows concomitant detailed histologic mucosal examination. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 11:374–379, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

transgelin基因在幽门螺杆菌感染胃癌细胞及人胃癌组织中的表达

目的研究幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,HP)感染胃癌细胞及人胃癌、淋巴结组织中转凝蛋白基因(transgelin)的表达水平,探讨HP感染、transgelin基因与胃癌发生、发展的相关机制。方法用HP感染胃癌细胞系AGS和SGC-7901,同时收集胃癌患者手术切除的胃癌组织、切缘组织和淋巴结组织,提取及纯化总RNA。实时荧光定量PCR检测transgelin mRNA的表达水平,分析其与临床病理参数的关系。结果 transgelin mRNA在HP感染的AGS、SGC-7901细胞中的表达量增加,分别为对照细胞的11.39倍(t=30.025,P=0.000)、3.41倍(t=5.677,P=0.005);transgelin mRNA在胃癌组织、淋巴结组织中的表达增加,分别是切缘组织的6.48倍(t=2.290,P=0.026)、2.64倍(t=2.043,P=0.046);Ⅳ期胃癌组织transgelin mRNA表达量增加,是Ⅰ~Ⅱ期的2.32倍(t=2.111,P=0.049);淋巴结转移组是无淋巴结转移组的2.93倍(t=2.123,P=0.043)。结论HP可上调transgelin基因的表达,transgelin基因可能参与胃癌的发生、发展,且与p TNM分期及淋巴结转移相关。     

幽门螺杆菌及其血清抗体测定与胃镜及组织学检查结果的对比分析

目的研究幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染及其血清抗体的测定与不同胃黏膜病变之间的关系，探讨Hp感染血清学抗体检测的临床意义。方法1509例慢性胃炎病人进行Hp和组织学检测，用ELISA测定不同组病人的血清抗Hp IgG抗体。结果①合并淋巴集结组的Hp检出率为68．33％，显著高于淋巴集结阴性组的20．71％（P〈0．01）。②在Hp感染病人中胃镜检查胃黏膜病变弥漫全胃组血清抗Hp抗体测定滴度OD值显著高于病变局限于胃窦组（0.906：0.533，P〈0.05）。③Hp感染者胃黏膜合并淋巴集结组血清抗Hp抗体滴度OD值显著高于组织学检测淋巴集结阴性组（0.922：0.516，P〈0.05）。结论①Hp感染与胃黏膜组织中出现淋巴集结关系密切。②血清学抗Hp抗体IgG的测定OD值较高者往往提示胃黏膜病变范围较广，组织学病变程度较重。应该筛选出来做胃镜检查或密切随访，用ELISA方法测定血清特异性的IgG抗体的具体滴度值，在临床工作中对于初筛病人、分析病情及确定下一步诊疗方法有一定的实用意义。     

Antibody Titres in Helicobacter pylori Infection: Implications in the Follow-up of Antimicrobial Therapy

Regular presence and persistence of specific serum antibodies in Helicobacter pylori infection gives an excellent tool for diagnostic work. Eradication of the infection leads to gradual disappearance of the gastritis and decrease of specific serum antibodies. The fall of IgG and IgA antibody titres can be followed with quantititative enzyme immunoassays. Success in eradication is reflected in 40-50% decrease of antibody titres within 5-6 months. The decrease continues and most patients have normal titres within 2 years. Serology offers a cheap and convenient way to follow the treated patients and makes most follow-up endoscopies unnecessary.     

Evaluation by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of IgG anti-D and IgG subclass concentrations in immunoglobulin preparations

BACKGROUND: Anti-D immunoglobulin preparations are injected to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn. The concentration of IgG anti-D in these preparations is usually determined by an automated hemagglutination technique using as a reference a calibrated preparation of anti-D, but the method requires special equipment and cannot be routinely applied to measure the IgG subclasses of anti-D in these preparations. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:Taking advantage of a recently described enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the determination of the anti-D concentration in sera of alloimmunized pregnant women, IgG anti-D and IgG subclass concentrations were measured in the international reference preparation (IRP) coded 68/419, 10 anti-D immunoglobulin preparations, and sera of 15 D-immunized volunteers. RESULTS: An IgG anti-D concentration of 61.5 +/- 4.8 microg per ampoule (mean +/- SD) was found by ELISA in IRP 68/419.This result was in agreement with previous determinations obtained by radioimmunoassay (60 microg/ampoule). The IgG subclass concentration of anti-D in this preparation was 48.4 microg of IgG1 (78.6%), 3.0 microg of IgG2 (4.8%), 9.7 microg of IgG3 (15.8%), and 0.4 microg of IgG4 (0.7%). The mean proportion of IgG subclasses of anti-D in 10 immunoglobulin preparations was similar (81.7% for IgG1, 5.0% for IgG2, 12.7% for IgG3, and 0.6% for IgG4). In the sera of 15 immunized volunteers, the IgG anti-D concentration varied from 3.1 to 68.4 microg per mL. The mean IgG subclass composition of anti-D was 79.3 percent for IgG1, 2.2 percent for IgG2, 18.1 percent for IgG3, and 0.4 percent for IgG4. The proportions of IgG3 anti-D in these sera were found to range between 1 percent and 87 percent, as in the sera of D-alloimmunized pregnant women. CONCLUSION: ELISA provides an alternative to the radioimmunoassay and the automated hemagglutination technique. In addition, it allows the evaluation of the absolute concentration of each IgG subclass of anti-D in immunoglobulin preparations and necessitates only the conventional equipment required for an immunoenzymatic assay.     

幽门螺杆菌及胃蛋白酶原、胃泌素17水平在胃癌前病变诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨幽门螺杆菌(H.pylori)与胃蛋白酶原(PG)、胃泌素17(G17)与胃癌前病变的相关性.方法选取在我院行胃镜检查的患者856例,其中471例病理检出癌前病变的患者为病例组,385例未检出癌前病变的患者为对照组.病例组按病理诊断结果分为慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)组157例,肠化(IM)组153例,低级别上皮...