Mutagenic and antimutagenic potential of the medicinal plants M. laevigata and C. xanthocarpa

Aqueous extracts of medicinal plants (Mikania laevigata and Campomanesia xanthocarpa) were screened for the presence of mutagenic activity in the Salmonella/microsome assay. The extracts of Campomanesia xanthocarpa showed frameshift (TA97a strain) signs of mutagenic activity without exogenous metabolism (S9 fraction). The infusions of Mikania laevigata, negative for mutagenic activity, showed high percentages of inhibition of mutagenesis induced by mutagens 2AF (2-amino fluorene), in the presence of exogenous metabolism (S9 fraction), for frameshift (TA98) and base pair substitution (TA100) lesions. In addition, these inhibitions were observed against mutagen SAZ (sodium azide) in assays with the TA100 strain, without exogenous metabolism (S9 fraction). A synergistic effect was also observed in frameshift mutagenic events, with direct action in the presence of 4NQO (4-oxide-1-nitroquinoline) and a tendency to a low percentage of action enhancement, in the presence of the 2AF mutagen. The variable responses observed in the extract assays show the potentials for interaction of the different active principles in genetic material.     

Mutagenic potencies of medicinal plants screened in the ames test

Aqueous extracts of three species used in Brazilian popular medicine (Sambacus australis, Bauhnea forficata, Mimosa bimucromata) were screened for the presence of mutagenic activity in the Ames test. The extracts showed frameshift mutagenic activity after metabolization. In addition, M. bimucromata presented positive results in the TA100 strain, which detects a base pair substitution, with and without metabolization. The metabolites of B. forficata extract also showed mutagenic activity in the TA102 strain. The presence of flavonoids and tannins in the extracts may be correlated to positive mutagenic activity.     

黄芩不同极性溶剂提取物抗氧化活性研究

目的比较黄芩不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性,并测定其黄酮含量。方法利用比色法测定黄芩不同溶剂提取物中的总黄酮含量,利用1,1-二苯基-2-苦苯肼(DPPH)自由基体系对黄芩不同溶剂提取物的抗氧化活性进行评价。结果黄芩不同溶剂提取物均具有一定的抗氧化活性,其中乙醇提取物清除DPPH自由基的能力最强,且总黄酮含量最高。结论黄芩的抗氧化活性受到不同溶剂的影响,并且与其含的黄酮含量成正相关。     

中药提取物质量控制的一种新方法探讨

 目的提出一种基于中药色谱指纹图谱和指标性成分含量进行中药提取物质量控制的混合优化方法。方法运用非线性规划方法,以指纹图谱相似度和多个指标性成分含量相对偏差为优化指标,建立中药提取物混合优化模型,采用逐步二次规划方法求得最优的混合比例。结果选择不同批次的丹参提取液作为混合优化典型研究对象,应用混合优化方法得到的混合提取物质量符合标准要求。结论混合优化方法可以提高批次间中药产品质量的稳定性。     

Antiinflammatory Activity of Some Extracts from Plants used in the Traditional Medicine of North-African Countries

Aqueous, ethanol and chloroform extracts from five plants were administered either topically (oedema induced by arachidonic acid in mouse ear) or i.p. (subplantar oedema induced by carrageenan in rats). Our results show that Anacyclus pyrethrum, Armeria alliacea, Asphodelus ramosus, Capparis spinosa and Rhaponticum acaule possess antiinflammatory activity, since at least one extract of each plant was active in one of the experimental models. The three extracts from Anacyclus pyrethrum showed significant activity in both experimental models, but the highest antiinflammatory activity was exhibited by the polar extracts of Armeria alliacea . The ethanol extract of the latter produced 100% inhibition of the inflammation induced by carrageenan and this inhibition was highly significant ( p <0.001) with reference to values found in both active (indomethacin 3 mg/kg) and vehicle administered control groups.     

Mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of hexane extract of some Astragalus species grown in the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey

Medical plants and their various extracts have been occasionally used in the treatment of many diseases. Astragalus is one of those medical plants and it has several biological activities. In the present study, the hexane extracts of six Astragalus species, which are grown in the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey, were isolated, and their mutagenic and antimutagenic properties were investigated by using Salmonella typhimurium TA1535, TA1537 and Escherichia coli WP2uvrA tester strains at 0.05, 0.5 and 5 μg/plate concentrations. Known mutagens sodium azide (NaN₃), 9‐Aminoacridine (9‐AA) and N‐Methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) were used to determine antimutagenic properties of hexane extracts. The results showed that all hexane extracts, investigated in the present study, can be considered genotoxically safe because they do not have mutagenic activity at the tested concentrations. But, a great many of them have antimutagenic activity against 9‐Aminoacridine known as a model intercalator agent. The inhibition rates obtained from the antimutagenicity assays ranged from 27.51% (A. macrocephalus – 0.05 μg/plate) to 54.39% (A. galegiformis – 5 μg/plate). These activities are valuable toward an extension of the employ of these drugs as new phytotherapeutic or preservative ingredients. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

乌桕根皮水提物抗菌活性的初步研究

目的探讨乌桕根皮水提物的抗菌活性以及不同温度条件下的提取物抗菌活性差异。方法采集乌桕根皮,在3种不同温度(60,80,100℃)下用水回流提取,提取物浓缩后进行抗菌测试,受试菌:枯草杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌和志贺氏杆菌。结果水提物对大肠杆菌和志贺氏杆菌具有抑制作用,对枯草杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和绿脓杆菌没有活性;不同温度下的提取物对大肠杆菌和志贺氏杆菌的影响较大,提取温度为100℃时,提取物对这两种细菌的抑制作用最强,抑菌圈直径分别为(9.67±1.32)mm和(11.67±1.00)mm。结论乌桕根皮在湖南和广西民间治疗由大肠杆菌引起的腹泻和志贺氏杆菌引起的痢疾确有很好的疗效。     

Mutagenicity and antioxidant assessment of Stachitarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl.

Stachitarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl. is a member of the Verbenaceae commonly used in Cuba, mainly as vermifugue and against diarrhoea. The mutagenic potential of a hydroalcohol extract of its aerial parts was assessed in vitro using the Salmonella/microsome assay and in vivo in the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. No positive response was observed in a battery of four Salmonella typhimurium strains employed: TA 1535, TA 1537, TA 98 and TA 100, when exposed to concentrations up to 5 mg/plate, with and without mammalian metabolic activation. In the same way, no increase in the micronucleus frequency in mitotic erythropoietic tissue was observed when animals were administered the extract orally in doses of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg. The extract inhibited lipid peroxidation in the rat liver microsomal fraction (IC(50) = 3.6 microg/mL) but it does not seem to be an effective.OH radical scavenger (IC(50) = 76.7 microg/mL). Noteworthy, it increased in a dose dependent way the level of revertant colonies in E. coli IC 203, a strain sensitive to oxidative mutagenesis, when assayed together with hydrogen peroxide and ferrous sulphate, which suggests a pro-oxidant action.     

脑脉康不同极性配比提取物的体外抗氧化研究

目的:初步探讨脑脉康不同极性配比提取物的体外抗氧化的作用;方法:采用分光光度法分别测定脑脉康不同极性配比提取物的总还原性,以及对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用;结果:分别得到了脑脉康不同极性配比提取物的总还原性曲线以及DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子抑制率曲线,并得到不同提取物清除50%DPPH自由基和50%超氧阴离子自由基时的浓度。结论:脑脉康不同极性配比提取物均有一定抗氧化性。     

夹竹桃叶提取液的抑菌作用研究

目的研究夹竹桃叶提取液的抑菌作用。方法采用不同提取方法制备夹竹桃叶提取液,用二倍稀释法确定最低抑菌浓度。结果夹竹桃叶不同提取液对6种供试菌种的生长均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中醇提液的抑菌效果好于水提液和醚提液,且以70%乙醇提取液的抑菌作用效果最佳。结论夹竹桃叶的醇提液具有很好的抑菌效果。     

甘蔗渣提取物体外抗肿瘤作用研究

目的：研究甘蔗渣提取物在体外是否具有抗肿瘤作用,并确定其抗肿瘤主要有效部位。方法：采用系统溶剂法对甘蔗渣95%乙醇粗取物进行分离,运用MTT比色法和集落形成法观察分离得到的不同部位对人胃癌细胞株SGC7901、宫颈癌细胞株Hela、肝癌细胞株BEL 7404的生长抑制影响,并确定其抗肿瘤活性部位。结果：甘蔗渣乙酸乙酯提取部位对3种肿瘤细胞表现出明显的抑制作用,在测定浓度范围内呈现良好的剂量依赖性。石油醚和正丁醇提取部位对3种肿瘤细胞也有一定抑制作用,但在同一测定浓度范围内其抑制作用明显不如乙酸乙酯提取部位。而95%乙醇提取部位对3种肿瘤细胞株的抑制作用则不明显。结论：甘蔗渣提取物具有体外抗肿瘤作用,有效成分主要集中在乙酸乙酯部位。     

中药蛇六谷提取物对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞增殖影响的实验研究

目的:观察蛇六谷提取物对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞增殖的影响,探讨其可能的作用机理。方法:采用系统溶剂法初步提取分离蛇六谷不同提取物,运用MTT法和生长曲线法观察不同浓度的各提取物对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞的增殖的影响,流式细胞仪检测蛇六谷石油醚萃取物对该细胞周期分布及凋亡的影响。结果:蛇六谷醇提取物、石油醚萃取物和乙酸乙酯萃取物均具有一定的抑制人胃癌SGC-7901细胞增殖的作用,以石油醚萃取物的抑制作用最为明显,呈现较好的剂量-效应曲线。生长曲线法观察发现蛇六谷石油醚萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞增殖抑制作用有一定的时间-效应曲线;流式细胞仪检测发现蛇六谷石油醚萃取物可阻滞SGC-7901细胞周期于G0/G1期,分析表明其作用机理可能与诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡有关。结论:蛇六谷石油醚萃取物可能是该药抗肿瘤的有效部位之一。     

Antimicrobial Activity of Some Commercial Extracts of Propolis Prepared with Different Solvents

Some commercial extracts of propolis obtained with different solvents were tested to evaluate their antibacterial and antifungal activity. All propolis preparations exhibited antimicrobial activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria, yeasts and dermatophytes with zones of inhibition ranging from 3 to 30 mm. Against yeasts and dermatophytes, oil, ethanol and propylene glycol solutions showed an inhibition for more 2 weeks, while the glycerine solution maintained inhibition only for some days. The results indicate that the solvent employed for the extraction may enhance the potency of the antimicrobial activity of propolis. Consistency in the properties and characteristics of propolis were related to the formulation of extraction procedures.     

楮头红提取物的生物活性研究

 目的研究楮头红的生物活性,寻找活性成分。方法对楮头红的石油醚、乙醚、乙酸乙酯、乙醇和水的粗提取物分别进行抗小鼠肝损伤试验和体外抗氧化、抑菌试验。结果水提物具有抗小鼠肝脂质过氧化作用和抗肝损伤作用;乙醚、乙酸乙酯、乙醇等3个部位各具有不同程度的清除羟自由基和超氧离子自由基的作用及抑菌作用。结论楮头红提取物具有清除羟自由基、清除超氧离子自由基、抗小鼠肝脂质过氧化和抗小鼠肝损伤及抑菌作用。     

连翘不同极性部位对酪氨酸酶活性抑制作用研究

目的 研究连翘对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制作用.方法 将连翘用80％的乙醇水溶液回流提取,得到总提取物,再用不同极性的有机溶剂石油醚、二氯甲烷、正丁醇进一步萃取,得到不同极性部位.将总提取物和各部位浸膏溶于不同体积的溶剂,以L-酪氨酸为底物,加入酪氨酸酶,使终浓度为1.0,0.5,0.2,0.1,0.04mg·ml-1,测定药物干预前后反应体系在475 nm波长处吸光度值变化,计算各组分对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制率.结果 在各组分中,连翘的二氯甲烷部位对酪氨酸酶活性的抑制率最高,当终浓度为1.0 mg·ml-1时,抑制率为57.3％,抑制率随着浓度的增加而升高,其IC50为0.57mg·ml-1;其他组分也均有不同程度的抑制作用,其中正丁醇部位、水溶部位和总提取物随浓度的增加具有双向调节作用.结论 连翘具有较好的抑制酪氨酸酶活性的作用,可以抑制黑色素的形成.此实验为进一步研究连翘中酪氨酸酶活性抑制成分及其作用机理提供基础.     

中草药在光合细菌开发中的应用

在培养基中添加一定浓度的木瓜,栝楼,女贞子,郁金等中草药的浸提液,可明显促进光合细菌的生长,其中以栝楼的效果最明显。某些中草药除本身有一定的抑菌作用外,不对光合细菌的抑菌作用有一定程度的提高。指出在水产养殖等实际应用中,添加某些中草药既能促进光合细菌的生长,又可增强其抑制其它细菌生长的能力。     

11种昆虫提取物的抑菌活性研究

目的:寻找新的抑菌类化合物及开展昆虫天然产物化学的研究,通过药理实验找出昆虫的有效抑菌活性部位。方法:采用溶剂两段提取法提取昆虫虫体,用二氯甲烷溶剂浸渍2次,再用70%甲醇浸渍2次获得昆虫提取物。并采用了药敏试验法给药物定性和浓度梯度稀释法测出药物的最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration,MIC)值。结果:在11种昆虫中,只有蝉蜕和蝼蛄2种昆虫的昆虫提取物(分别为蝉蜕正丁醇部、蝼蛄乙酸乙酯、蝉蜕乙酸乙酯和蝉蜕水部位),对金黄色葡菌球菌和结核杆菌有较明显的抑菌活性,其中蝉蜕乙酸乙酯对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用极强。结论:该研究将为抗生素新药先导化合物的发现和拓展昆虫化学研究方向提供新的思路。     

60味中药提取物抗菌活性的研究

目的:体外观察60味中药的240种提取物对9种常见病原菌的作用,并对其中抑菌效果明显的提取物进行最低抑菌浓度检测。方法:采用纸片扩散法对240种提取物进行初步的抗菌活性筛选,并采用液体培养基法(2倍稀释法)测定活性提取物的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。结果:共有104种提取物对1种或多种细菌显示较强的抑制作用,其中丹参等11味中药的20种提取物对3种常见菌体现了强抑制作用(MIC<0.2 mg·mL-1)。结论:丹参、蛇床子、蓼蓝、蒲公英、桑叶、甘草、姜黄、紫草、半边莲、野菊花和密蒙花等11味中药的乙醇、丙酮、正己烷提取部位对枯草芽孢杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有强抑制作用。     

Screening for antifungal activity of nineteen Latin American plants

Dichloromethane and methanol extracts of 19 Latin American plants, most of them selected on the basis of traditional medicine reports, were subjected to screening for antifungal activity, using the agar disk diffusion assay against several fungi. Of the extracts tested, those of Andira inermis, Andira surinamensis, Bixa orellana, Blepharocalyx tweediei, Croton zehtneri, Gallesia integrifolia, Hedyosmum anisodorum, Heterotheca inuloides, Hura crepitans, Mansoa alliacea, Ocimum micranthum, Persea laevigata, Piper elongatum, Piper fulvescens, Polygonum hydropiperoides and Potalia amara exhibited some level of activity. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

In Vitro and In Vivo Inhibitory Activities of Four Indian Medicinal Plant Extracts and their Major Components on Rat Aldose Reductase and Generation of Advanced Glycation Endproducts

The polyol enzyme aldose reductase (AR) and advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) play an important role in diabetic complications such as cataracts. The purpose of this study was to investigate four standardized plant extracts used for the treatment of diabetes and related diseases, and their principal components for AR inhibitory activity and to find out their influence in diabetic complications. Thus, Boswellia serrata Triana & Planch. (Burseraceae), Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. (Lythraceae), Ocimum gratissimum (L.) (Lamiaceae) and Syzygium cumin (L.) Skeels. (Myrthaceae) and their respective major constituents, boswellic acid, corosolic acid, ursolic acid and ellagic acid, were studied for their inhibitory activity against rat lens AR, rat kidney AR, human recombinant AR and generation of AGEs. In addition, in vivo inhibition of lens galactitol accumulation by the major constituents of the plants in galactose‐fed rat has been studied. The results revealed that all the tested extracts and their active ingredients possess significant AR inhibitory actions in both in vitro and in vivo assays with urosolic acid showing the most potent effect. Furthermore, the study indicates the potential of the studied plants and their major constituents as possible protective agents against long‐term diabetic complications. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.