Antiulcer activity of Tinospora cordifolia Miers and Centella asiatica linn extracts

The ethanol extracts of the roots of T. cordifolia Miers and C. asiatica Linn were observed to induce a marked protective action against an 8 h restraint stress induced ulcerization, the activity being comparable to that of diazepam.     

Inhibitory effect of a polysaccharide from Tinospora cordifolia on experimental metastasis

Administration of the polysaccharide fraction from Tinospora cordifolia was found to be very effective in reducing the metastatic potential of B16F-10 melanoma cells. There was a 72% inhibition in the metastases formation in the lungs of syngeneic C57BL/6 mice, when the drug was administered simultaneously with tumour challenge. Biochemical parameters such as lung collagen hydroxyproline, hexosamines and uronic acids that are markers of neoplastic development were reduced significantly (P<0.001) in the treated animals compared with the untreated control animals. The treatment could also reduce serum γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GT) and sialic acid levels as compared to the control animals.     

Centella asiatica in Dermatology: An Overview

Centella asiatica is a medicinal plant that was already used as a ‘panacea’ 3000 years ago. The active compounds include pentacyclic triterpenes, mainly asiaticoside, madecasosside, asiatic acid and madecassic acid. We have conducted an overview to summarize current knowledge on the results of scientific in vitro and in vivo experiments focused on the improvement of the healing process of small wounds, hypertrophic scars and burns by C. asiatica. In this paper, we discuss the data on constituents, recommended preparations and the potential side effects of C. asiatica. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Antioxidant action of Tinospora cordifolia root extract in alloxan diabetic rats

Tinospora cordifolia is widely used in Indian Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Oral administration of 2.5 g and 5.0 g/kg body weight of the aqueous extract of the roots for 6 weeks resulted in a significant reduction in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and an increase in reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in alloxan diabetic rats. The effect of Tinospora cordifolia root extract (TCREt) was most prominently seen in the case of rats given 5.0 g/kg body weight. The effect of TCREt was more effective than glibenclamide. Thus our study shows that TCREt exhibits antioxidant action in alloxan diabetes.     

Isoquinoline Alkaloids from Tinospora cordifolia Inhibit Rat Lens Aldose Reductase

The inhibitory activity of Tinospora cordifolia stem‐derived alkaloids was evaluated against lens aldose reductase (AR) isolated from male Wistar rats. Anticataract potential of the alkaloids of T. cordifolia was evaluated in vitro in rat lenses, considering the activity of normal rat lenses as 100%. The biologically active constituents of T. cordifolia extract were characterized as the isoquinoline alkaloids, jatrorrhizine, palmatine and magnoflorine, by spectral analysis. The inhibitory effects varied with all chemicals and concentrations used. The inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values of jatrorrhizine, palmatine and magnoflorine are 3.23, 3.45 and 1.25 µg/mL respectively. The concentration of maximum activity was selected for its effect on galactose‐induced polyol accumulation in vitro. The percentage inhibition of galactose‐induced polyol accumulation was 62.6, 58.8 and 27.7% in the presence of jatrorrhizine, palmatine and magnoflorine, respectively. Magnoflorine may be useful as lead compounds and new agents for AR inhibition. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

积雪草化学成分研究

目的研究积雪草Centella asiatica的化学成分。方法采用各种色谱技术进行分离纯化,通过理化性质和波谱分析进行结构鉴定。结果从积雪草中共分离得到14个化合物,其结构鉴定为β-谷甾醇(Ⅰ)、二十六醇辛酸酯(Ⅱ)、山柰酚(Ⅲ)、槲皮素(Ⅳ)、胡萝卜苷(Ⅴ)、香草酸(Ⅵ)、丁二酸(Ⅶ)、积雪草酸(Ⅷ)、羟基积雪草酸(Ⅸ)、ter-minolic acid(Ⅹ)、积雪草苷(Ⅺ)、积雪草二糖苷(Ⅻ)、羟基积雪草苷、积雪草苷-B。结论化合物为一新化合物;羟基积雪草酸和terminolic acid、羟基积雪草苷和积雪草苷-B为两对同分异构体。     

HPLC法测定积雪草中三萜类化合物的含量

目的 :建立一种能同时测定积雪草中四种主要三萜类成分积雪草苷、羟基积雪草苷、积雪草酸、羟基积雪草酸的含量分析方法。方法 :采用 C1 8柱 ,乙腈 -水为流动相 ,梯度洗脱 ,检测波长 2 0 5 nm。结果 :四种三萜组分的平均回收率分别为积雪草苷 97.6 2 % (RSD=1.95 ,n=5 ) ;羟基积雪草苷 98.96 (RSD=2 .0 1 ,n=5 ) ;羟基积雪草酸 10 1.89 (RSD=1.5 4 ,n=5 ) ;积雪草酸 10 1.2 8 (RSD=1.38 ,n=5 )。结论 :此方法简单、准确 ,适用于积雪草原药材及其制剂的质量控制     

Restoration of antioxidant defence by ethanolic Tinospora cordifolia root extract in alloxan-induced diabetic liver and kidney

The present study investigates the effect of oral administration of an alcoholic extract of Tinospora cordifolia roots on antioxidant defence in alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. A significant increase in the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in liver and kidney was observed in diabetic rats. Decreased concentration of glutathione (GSH) and decreased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase in liver and kidney of diabetic rats were also noted. Alcoholic Tinospora cordifolia root extract (TCREt) administered at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight to diabetic rats orally for six weeks normalized the antioxidant status of liver and kidney. The effect of Tinospora cordifolia root extract was more potent than glibenclamide (600 microg/kg body weight). Insulin (6 units/kg) restored all the parameters to normal status.     

基于ITS2序列的积雪草及其混伪品的分子鉴定

目的：快速准确的鉴别中药积雪草及其混伪品。方法：采用ITS2序列片段,对其进行PCR扩增、测序,运用Codon CodeAligner、MEGA4．1等软件进行序列拼接和分析,构建积雪草及其混伪品的NJ树。应用Koetschan等建立的ITS2数据库及其网站预测ITS2二级结构。结果：积雪草及其混伪品ITS2序列之间存在明显差异,不同积雪草样品在NJ树上独立聚为一支。结论：运用ITS2序列可以准确鉴定积雪草及其伪品。     

积雪草药材HPLC指纹图谱的研究

目的:研究积雪草药材的高效液相色谱指纹图谱,为科学评价及有效控制药材质量提供可靠的方法。方法:利用高效液相色谱法,梯度洗脱,测定了16个不同产地的积雪草药材样品。色谱柱为Alltech C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm5,μm),流动相为乙腈-水,流速为1.0 mL/min,检测波长为205 nm。结果:建立了积雪草药材的HPLC指纹图谱,并检测了16批积雪草药材样品,标定了15个共有峰,通过与对照品的保留时间比对及LC-ESI-MSn进行结构解析,其中5～10号峰分别鉴定为羟基积雪草苷、积雪草苷、槲皮素、山萘酚、羟基积雪草酸、积雪草酸。经相似度计算,各产地药材之间相似性较差。结论:该方法准确可靠,重现性好,可作为控制积雪草药材内在质量的标准。     

RE-HPLC测定积雪草中积雪草甙、羟基积雪草甙的含量

目的测定不同产地的中药积雪草甙和羟基积雪草甙的含量.方法采有RE-HPLC法进行测定.结果不同产地的积雪草中积雪草甙和羟基积雪草甙的含量有很大差异.结论方法简便,准确灵敏.     

Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic action of alcohol extract of Tinospora cordifolia roots in chemical induced diabetes in rats

The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects of an alcohol extract of Tinospora cordifolia roots, an indigenous plant used in Ayurvedic medicine in India. Oral administration of the extract of Tinospora cordifolia (TCREt) roots for 6 weeks resulted in a significant reduction in blood and urine glucose and in lipids in serum and tissues in alloxan diabetic rats. The extract also prevented a decrease in body weight. Thus our study clearly shows that an alcohol TCREt has a hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic action.     

Alteration of lethal effects of gamma rays in Swiss albino mice by Tinospora cordifolia

Tinospora cordifolia is widely used in Ayurvedic medicines. It is known for its immunomodulatory, antihepatotoxic, antistress and antioxidant properties. It has been used in combination with other plant products to prepare a number of Ayurvedic preparations. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the radioprotective effect of an aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia (TC) against (60)Co gamma radiation. Oral administration of TC 5 mg/kg body wt to Swiss albino mice 1 h and 15 days prior to whole body radiation exposure (8 Gy) produced a significant protection in terms of survival percentage. After oral administration of TC 10 mg/kg body wt/day to mice 7 days prior to whole body irradiation (8 Gy) there was no mortality until day 13 and 50% of the animals survived until day 30. Mice exposed to radiation (8 Gy) without TC pretreatment exhibited signs of radiation sickness such as anorexia, lethargy, ruffled hair, diarrhoea and these animals died within 14 days of irradiation. The results from the present study suggest that Tinospora cordifolia has a radioprotective effect in Swiss albino mice, thereby enhancing the survival of mice against a sublethal dose of gamma radiation.     

不同产地积雪草中积雪草苷和羟基积雪草苷含量测定

目的采用高效液相法测定不同产地积雪草药材中积雪草苷和羟基积雪草苷含量。方法采用VP－ODS色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-水梯度洗脱,流速1.0mL＆#183;min-1,检测波长204nm,柱温40℃。结果积雪草苷和羟基积雪草苷的平均回收率分别是99.7%、101.4%,RSD分别是1.68%、1.07%（n=6）。结论不同产地的积雪草中积雪草苷和羟基积雪草苷的含量差别较大,广西柳州和广东湛江所产的积雪草中积雪草苷和羟基积雪草苷含量较高。     

Beneficial effects of Centella asiatica aqueous extract against arsenic-induced oxidative stress and essential metal status in rats

The efficacy of an aqueous extract of Centella asiatica (100, 200 and 500 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days) was studied in the depletion of arsenic and in the recovery of a few altered biochemical variables in arsenic pre-exposed rats (20 ppm in drinking water for 5 weeks). Exposure to arsenic significantly depleted delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity, reduced glutathione (GSH) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) activity in red blood cells. Significant depletion of ALAD activity, GSH level, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), SOD and catalase (CAT) activities and an increase in TBARS levels in liver tissues was also noted. There was a significant depletion of SOD, CAT and GPx activities in kidneys and an increased TBARS levels in kidney and brain accompanied by increased arsenic concentration in blood and soft tissues. Treatment with aqueous extract of Centella asiatica provided significant protection against ALAD, GSH and TBARS levels, particularly at doses of 200 and 500 mg. Centella asiatica also provided significant recovery in the inhibited liver ALAD and G6PD activities. Arsenic concentration in blood and soft tissues remained uninfluenced after Centella asiatica administration. The present study thus suggests a beneficial effect of Centella asiatica against arsenic-induced oxidative stress but possesses no chelating property.     

积雪草总苷对大鼠系膜细胞游离钙的影响

目的:观察积雪草提取物对大鼠肾小球系膜细胞(MC)增殖和钙离子的影响。方法:将血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)作用于肾小球系膜细胞,加入不同浓度的积雪草提取物,采用MTT法和Fura-2/AM荧光指示剂负载测定MC增殖和细胞内[Ca2 ]I的变化。结果:MC一经AngⅡ刺激后增殖显著,并且Ca2 浓度明显升高,而积雪草提取物对AngⅡ刺激下的MC增殖和Ca2 水平有抑制和降低作用,并呈一定的剂量依赖性。结论:积雪草提取物可能通过降低MC内Ca2 的水平,从而达到抑制MC增殖的目的。     

Modification of gamma ray induced changes in the mouse hepatocytes by Centella asiatica extract: in vivo studies

Ionizing radiation, besides causing direct damage also generates reactive oxygen species that are capable of inducing damage to various organs. Pretreatment with Centella asiatica 1 h prior to irradiation at a dose rate of 100 mg/kg body weight was found to be effective against radiation induced damage in the liver. The number of normal hepatocytes was higher in the Centella asiatica pretreated group in comparison with the irradiated only group. The number of binucleated cells and abnormal hepatocytes was less in comparison with the animals irradiated without Centella asiatica pretreatment.     

Protective effect of Tinospora cordifolia, Phyllanthus emblica and their combination against antitubercular drugs induced hepatic damage: an experimental study

This study investigated the hepatoprotective effect of two Indian medicinal plants Tinospora cordifolia (Tc), Phyllanthus emblica (Pe), and their combination, in a rat model of isoniazid, rifampicin and pyrazinamide induced hepatic damage. Hepatic damage was assessed using a composite score assigned to histopathological findings of degeneration, necrosis and fibrosis. The antituberculosis treatment (ATT), when given for 90 days, induced significant degeneration and necrosis (score: 7.5; p < 0.01 vs vehicle) associated with morphological changes. However, no change was found in the serum bilirubin and liver enzymes. Co-administration of silymarin (positive control, 50 mg/kg) with ATT protected against necrosis (score: 1.5; p < 0.001 vs ATT). Tc (100 mg/kg) showed a reduction in liver damage (score: 6.5), which was not statistically significant. On the other hand, Pe (300 mg/kg) prevented the necrotic changes to a significant extent (grade 1.0; p < 0.05; score [corrected] 5.5). Combination of Tc and Pe in their therapeutic doses (1:3) significantly prevented the necrosis (score: 3.5; p < 0.001 vs ATT). Similar effects were seen even when the doses were halved and were comparable to the silymarin group. Thus, this study proves the synergistic protective effects exerted by the combination of Tc and Pe when co-administered with ATT.     

积雪草总苷对实验性抑郁症大鼠血清皮质酮和单胺类神经递质的影响

目的:探讨积雪草总苷抗抑郁症可能的作用机制.方法:采用荧光法检测积雪草总苷对实验性抑郁症大鼠血清皮质酮的影响;HPLC-ECD法检测积雪总苷对大鼠皮质、海马和下丘脑单胺类神经递质含量的影响.结果:积雪草总苷降低抑郁症大鼠的血清皮质酮水平,增加脑内5-HT,NE和DA及其代谢产物的含量.结论:积雪草总苷的抗抑郁活性与改善下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴功能和增加胺神经递质的水平有关.