假益智果实挥发油成分分析及其抑菌活性

目的:对假益智果实挥发油进行化学成分研究,并进行抗菌活性测试,为进一步研究开发假益智提供实验依据。方法:使用水蒸气蒸馏法从假益智的果实中提取出挥发油,运用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术进行分析;使用微量稀释法测试挥发油的抗菌活性。结果:假益智果实挥发油提取率为0.17%,检测到42个化合物,鉴定出31个,占挥发油总成分的94.18%。挥发油对四联球菌具有很好的抑菌作用,最小抑制浓度为12.5 g·L-1,对白色葡萄球菌、蜡状芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠埃希菌细菌具有中等强度的抑制作用。结论:本文对假益智果实进行挥发油提取鉴定,其主要成分为萜类、长链烃类化合物。抗菌实验结果表明假益智果实挥发油对四联球菌具有较好的抗菌活性。     

Cytostatic activity against HEp-2 cells and antibacterial activity of essential oil from Helichrysum picardii

Different samples of essential oil from Helichrysum picardii Boiss. & Reuter (Compositae) collected at the beginning of each season from the same locality have been tested for their cytostatic and antimicrobial activity. All the oil samples showed a stronger in vitro activity against HEp-2 cells than a 6-mercaptopurine solution used as a positive control. Gram-positive bacteria as well as the fungus Candida albicans were sensitive to the action of the essential oil, whereas none of the samples showed activity against the gram-negative bacteria.     

In vitro antibacterial activity of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa seeds against multiple drug-resistant isolates of Shigella spp. and isolates of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli

The antibacterial activity of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa seeds was studied against 37 isolates of Shigella dysenteriae 1, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei and Shigella boydii and 10 strains of Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli. Most of the strains were clinically resistant to ampicillin, co-trimoxazole and tetracycline. All the strains tested showed promising sensitivity to the volatile oil. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the volatile oil for Shigella, Vibrio and Escherichia strains tested was between 50–400 μg/mL.     

Antimicrobial components of some cruciferae plants (Diplotaxis harra Forsk. and Erucaria microcarpa Boiss.)

The total herb of Diplotaxis harra Forsk. on treatment with myrosinase produces isopropyl isothiocyanate and 3‐ butenyl isothiocyanate in addition to (the non–volatile) 2‐hydroxy‐3‐butenyl isothiocyanate which could be obtained as 5‐vinyl‐2‐oxazolidinethione (goitrin) and methyl 4‐isothiocyanatobutyrate (Erypestrin). On treating Erucaria microcarpa Boiss, herb with myrosinase, it produces isopropyl isothiocyanate, butyl isothiocyanate and benzyl isothiocyanate in addition to the non‐volatile 8‐methylsulphinyloctyl isothiocyanate (hirsutin). The plant extracts contain high percentages of arachidonic and palmitic acids, nonadecane, cholesterol, stigmasterol and B‐sitosterol. The volatile constituents of D. harra and E. microcarpa showed higher activity against yeasts than Gram +ve, Gram ‐ve bacteria and fungi. The non‐methylated fatty acids of the two herbs showed higher activity against Gram +ve and Gram ‐ve bacteria than yeasts and fungi. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Therapeutic potential of the volatile oil of Nigella sativa seeds in monkey model with experimental shigellosis

The volatile oil of Nigella sativa seeds was prominent in in vitro anti-shigella activity against eight multiple drug resistant strains of Shigella flexneri. The anti-shigella activity against Shigella flexneri Y SH-4 was observed in the sera of monkeys after 45–60 min of oral administration of the oil. It exhibited promising in vivo anti-shigella activity against the same strain when tested in monkey models with experimental shigellosis, fully curing the infected monkeys within 3 days. The rectal swabs of the experimental groups became free of the challenge organism on day 3 of treatment with the volatile oil. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

维吾尔药蜀葵花挥发油成分及其抗菌抗氧化活性研究

蜀葵花为锦葵科蜀葵属植物蜀葵Althaea rosea的干燥花,据记载不仅可以外敷消肿,还有润肺止咳、发汗平喘、消肿透疹、安神益心等功效,是维药中常用药材之一.目前针对蜀葵花有效成分研究甚少,尚无其挥发油化学成分及药理活性研究的文献报道.该文采用化学蒸馏萃取的方法,提取了蜀葵花挥发油;利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其化学成分进行了分离和鉴定;利用紫外-可见分光光度法测定了其对自由基的抗氧化活性,并通过滤纸扩散法检测了该挥发油的抑菌活性.实验结果显示,蜀葵花挥发油中含有近70种化合物,其化学成分较为复杂,且每种物质的含量均较低,主要为一些芳香族和脂肪族化合物及其衍生物.蜀葵花具有较强的抗氧化活性,对常见的菌种也具有很明显的抑菌效果,具有较广的抗菌谱.结果表明天然维药蜀葵花挥发油在医药、食品、化妆品等工业上将具有良好的应用价值,并为开发天然维药蜀葵花资源提供了重要的科学依据.     

苦楝花挥发油的气质-化学计量学分析及抑菌作用研究

 目的 研究苦楝花挥发油的化学成分和抑菌活性。方法 采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,通过GC-MS和化学计量学方法进行检测和分析,结合质谱库,鉴定化学成分,采用体外抑菌试验法研究其抑菌活性。结果 苦楝花挥发油共鉴定出63个组分,占总含量的90.53％;挥发油对常见致病菌金黄色葡萄球菌,乙型溶血性链球菌,大肠杆菌均有明显的抑制作用。结论 苦楝花挥发油主要成分为小分子脂肪族化合物,有一定的抑菌活性。     

基于析因设计的佛手散防治帕金森病作用机制探讨

目的探讨佛手散防治帕金森病(PD)的作用及相关机制。方法体内实验采用利血平模型,观察小鼠肛温和运动不能指标,考察当归挥发油和川芎挥发油及其联合应用的影响;体外实验采用荧光分光光度法,以犬尿胺为底物,检测人单胺氧化酶(hMAO)活性和抑制模式,在此基础上,采用2×4析因设计,探讨当归挥发油与川芎挥发油之间的相互作用。结果利血平实验发现联合应用当归挥发油和川芎挥发油可显著改善模型小鼠肛温下降和运动不能;酶活性实验发现当归挥发油和川芎挥发油对h MAO-A和h MAO-B均为竞争性抑制作用,两者配伍使用时对h MAO-A和h MAO-B的活性均有显著的协同增效作用。结论佛手散中的当归、川芎在防治PD中具有显著的协同增效效应,其机制可能与抑制h MAO活性有关。     

尖瓣海莲叶内生真菌Penicillium sp. B21代谢产物挥发油成分及抑菌活性

目的:对尖瓣海莲叶内生真菌Penicillium sp.B21的发酵液挥发油成分进行分析,并对其抑菌活性进行初筛。方法:水蒸气蒸馏法提取海桑叶内生真菌Penicillium sp.B21的发酵液挥发油,GC-MS鉴定挥发油成分,96孔板酶标法对挥发性组分抑菌活性初筛。结果:水蒸气蒸馏法提取的挥发性组分,每100 g发酵产物得到挥发油1.82 g。GC-MS共鉴定出挥发油组分39个,占挥发油总质量的93.89%。抑菌活性测试表明,在质量浓度20 mg·L~(-1)下,挥发油对大肠埃希菌和白色葡萄球菌具有较好的抑菌活性。结论:尖瓣海莲叶内生真菌Penicillium sp.B21发酵液挥发油成分具有一定的抑菌活性,拓展了其在医药、食品等领域的应用和研究。     

不同提取方式对连翘、荆芥、薄荷挥发油成分及抗菌活性的影响

目的对连翘Forsythiae Fructus、荆芥Schizonepetae Herba、薄荷Menthae Haplocalycis Herba及其配伍挥发油进行化学成分及抑菌活性分析,探讨挥发油不同提取方法与其成分及抑菌活性的关系。方法采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS),对连翘、荆芥、薄荷挥发油成分及其配伍后成分的变化进行比较分析,并采用纸片琼脂扩散法、微量稀释法分别测定抑菌圈直径及最低抑菌浓度(MIC),评价单味连翘、荆芥、薄荷挥发油和配伍提取挥发油及单提混合后的挥发油对常见的4种致病菌的抑菌活性。结果连翘、荆芥与薄荷混合提取后,所得到的挥发油主要成分及含量均发生了变化。连翘-荆芥混合提取的挥发油中,缺失了连翘挥发油中含有的7种成分和荆芥挥发油中的7种成分,而新增了8种成分。连翘-薄荷混合提取后,缺失了连翘挥发油中的6种成分和薄荷挥发油中的8种成分,并新增8种成分。荆芥-薄荷混合提取后,缺失了荆芥挥发油中的4种成分和薄荷挥发油中的7种成分,新增了7种成分。连翘-荆芥-薄荷混合提取后,缺失了连翘挥发油中的6种成分、荆芥挥发油中的4种成分、薄荷挥发油中的2种成分,连翘和薄荷共有成分缺失1种,荆芥和薄荷共有成分缺失2种,新增了9种成分。与单提混合挥发油相比,3种药材混合提取组中胡薄荷酮的相对含量明显下降。抑菌实验显示,不同提取方式所得挥发油的抑菌效果不同,单味挥发油及单提混合挥发油对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌、白色念珠菌的抑菌效果均优于配伍提取挥发油组。结论挥发油是解表中药的重要药效成分,中药挥发油采用不同的提取方式对挥发油的得率、成分及药效有一定的影响,最终影响其疗效,应对此加以关注。     

The activity of volatile compounds from Lavandula angustifolia against Psoroptes cuniculi

Previously we demonstrated the acaricidal properties of Lavandula angustifolia Miller essential oil and of linalool, one of its main components, against Psoroptes cuniculi detected following direct contact of the substances with the mites. In the present paper we report the acaricidal activity of volatile linalool and of the lavender essential oil without direct contact of the ectoparasites with these substances. Diethyl ether extracts of dead mites showed linalool was the only detectable substance using this method by gas chromatography. The study confirms the acaricidal properties of lavender essential oil and of linalool by inhalation, indicating an additional route for possible use of these substances both for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes.     

Physical and antibacterial characteristics of the volatile oil of Hemizygia welwitschii (Rolfe)

The physical properties and antibacterial profile of the steam-distilled volatile oil from twigs of Hemizygia welwitschii (Rolfe) have been studied. The volatile oil content of the plant was affected by the time of the day the twigs were collected and extracted, being relatively higher in daytime than at night. The oil content was higher in the leaves than in the stems and branches. However, the average yield was 0.11% v/w. The oil is soluble in ethanol, diethyl ether, chloroform, xylene and dimethylsulphoxide. The oil has a weight-per-millilitre of approximately 885 mg at 28 °C, a specific rotation range of ?95.29 to ?93.75, and a refractive index of 1.4818. The oil exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the latter being the most resistant organism.     

喙果皂帽花挥发油GC-MS分析及活性研究

目的: 提取喙果皂帽花新鲜叶挥发性成分,进行抗菌,抗肿瘤活性测试,为进一步研究开发喙果皂帽花提供实验依据。 方法: 利用水蒸气蒸馏法制备喙果皂帽花叶挥发油,计算收率,并结合GC-MC分析化学成分;用纸片琼脂扩散法和MTT比色法分别研究喙果皂帽花叶挥发油抗菌和抗肿瘤活性。 结果: 水蒸气蒸馏法提取喙果皂帽花新鲜叶挥发油收率为1.54%,得到91个化合物,鉴定出73个;喙果皂帽花叶挥发油浓度较高时对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、枯草杆菌具有中等强度的抑菌活性;对白血病细胞(K-562)、肝癌细胞(BEL-7402)具有抑制活性,IC₅₀分别为10.47,47.2 mg·L^-1。 结论: 首次从皂帽花属植物中提取挥发油并鉴定化学成分,主要为烯类化合物;喙果皂帽花挥发油中含有很多活性成分,喙果皂帽花挥发油对K-562,BEL-7402具有抑制活性,为喙果皂帽花开发利用提供了科学依据。     

Anti‐Salmonella Activity of Volatile Compounds of Vietnam Coriander

Essential oil derived from the fresh leaves of Polygonum odoratum Lour was tested for their effects on a foodborne bacterium Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. choleraesuis ATCC 35640 using a broth dilution method. This essential oil showed a significant antibacterial activity against S. choleraesuis at the concentration of 200 µg/mL. Twenty‐five volatile compounds were characterized from this essential oil by GC‐MS, and aldehyde compounds were found abundant and accounted for more than three‐fourths of the essential oil. Among the compounds characterized, dodecanal (C₁₂) was the most abundant (55.5%), followed by decanal (C₁₀) (11.6%). Both alkanals were effective against S. choleraesuis with the minimum growth inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 100 µg/mL. The most potent antibacterial activity against this bacterium was found with two minor compounds, dodecanol (lauryl alcohol) and 2E‐dodecenal, both with each MBC of 6.25 µg/mL. Their primary antibacterial action against S. choleraesuis provably comes from their ability to function as nonionic surface‐active agents (surfactants), disrupting the native function of integral membrane proteins nonspecifically. Thus, the antibacterial activity is mediated by biophysical processes. In the case of 2E‐alkenals, a biochemical mechanism is also somewhat involved, depending on their alkyl chain length. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于GC-MS成分分析结合网络药理学预测当归挥发油质量标志物(Q-Marker)

目的预测当归挥发油质量标志物(quality marker,Q-Marker)。方法采用GC-MS检测当归挥发油化学成分,网络药理学构建成分-靶点网络、蛋白-蛋白互作网络、成分-靶点-通路网络、靶点-组织分布网络预测当归挥发油Q-Marker,分子对接验证Q-Marker生物活性,查阅文献佐证Q-Marker有效性。结果 18批次当归挥发油GC-MS分析获得了5个共有成分,以共有成分为Q-Marker候选成分做网络药理学分析,预测藁本内酯与丁烯基酞内酯为当归挥发油Q-Marker,Q-Marker作用于核心靶点PIK3R1、CHRM1、CHRM2、SRC、CREBBP,通过重要通路肌动蛋白细胞骨架调节,分布于大脑皮层、胆囊、平滑肌、前列腺、膀胱、扁桃体、基底神经节及海马中发挥药理作用;分子对接中藁本内酯、丁烯基酞内酯与核心靶点有较好的结合能力,体现当归挥发油Q-Marker较好的生物活性,文献佐证了Q-Marker有效性。结论预测的Q-Marker为当归挥发油质量标准的建立及当归挥发油质量评价奠定物质基础。     

Anticonvulsant activities of nutmeg oil of Myristica fragrans

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anticonvulsant activity of the volatile oil of nutmeg, the dried seed kernel of Myristica fragrans Houtt, using well‐established animal seizure models and to evaluate its potential for acute toxicity and acute neurotoxicity. The volatile oil of nutmeg (nutmeg oil) was tested for its effects in maximal electroshock, subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole, strychnine and bicuculline seizure tests. All the experiments were performed at the time of peak effect of nutmeg oil. Nutmeg oil showed a rapid onset of action and short duration of anticonvulsant effect. It was found to possess significant anticonvulsant activity against electroshock‐induced hind limb tonic extension. It exhibited dose dependent anticonvulsant activity against pentylenetetrazole‐induced tonic seizures. It delayed the onset of hind limb tonic extensor jerks induced by strychnine. It was anticonvulsant at lower doses, whereas weak proconvulsant at a higher dose against pentylenetetrazole and bicuculline induced clonic seizures. Nutmeg oil was found to possess wide therapeutic margin, as it did not induce motor impairment when tested up to 600 µL/kg in the inverted screen acute neurotoxicity test. Furthermore, the LD₅₀ (2150 µL/kg) value was much higher than its anticonvulsant doses (50–300 µL/kg). The results indicate that nutmeg oil may be effective against grand mal and partial seizures, as it prevents seizure spread in a set of established animal models. Slight potentiation of clonic seizure activity limits its use for the treatment of myoclonic and absence seizures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

四制香附与生品香附挥发油成分的比较

目的:研究建昌帮四制香附与生品香附挥发油成分的差异,探讨建昌帮四制法对挥发性成分的影响。方法:采用HPLC与GC-MS对香附炮制前后的挥发油成分进行比较分析。结果:HPLC法表明:四制香附与生品香附在主成分(相对峰面积>10%)种类上无明显差异(含3种),主成分相对峰面积略有不同。GC-MS气质联用检测结果表明,四制香附与生品香附所含化合物种类数量有所不同,从香附生品挥发油提取物中鉴别出33种化合物,四制香附挥发油提取物中鉴别出41种化合物。但主成分种类比较无明显差异,四制法主成分挥发油相对峰面积总体呈下降趋势。结论:四制香附挥发油提取物比生品香附挥发油提取物中成分种类增加20种,但对主成分相对峰面积进行比较含量略有差异,HPLC与GC-MS分析所得结果一致。     

基于组效关系的石上柏挥发油抗肿瘤有效成分的辨识

目的:基于GC-MS分析,建立了石上柏挥发油的化学成分与其抑制人肺癌A459细胞株和肝癌7721细胞株的谱效关系模型,寻找与药效显著相关的活性成分。方法:采用噻唑蓝法(MTT)测定石上柏挥发油抑制人肺癌A459细胞和肝癌7721细胞活性,以半数抑制浓度(IC50)为评价指标;采用GC-MS分析,确定了11个特征峰;利用Simca-p11.5软件的正交投影偏最小二乘法(Orthogonal Partial least squares,OPLS)和SPSS 18.0软件的双变量相关分析(Bivariate),研究特征峰与药效的相关性,根据S-载荷图、变异权重参数值(variable importance in projection,VIP)和皮尔逊相关系数(Pearson)来辨识显著活性成分。结果:GC-MS分析石上柏共得到71个化合物,鉴定出其中64个化合物,其相对峰面积分别占总峰面积的98.19%。主要包括萜类,脂肪酸及其烃类化合物。不同产地石上柏挥发油对A549和7721细胞株具有一定的抑制作用,其中抑制A549细胞最高的IC50为46.81 mg·L-1(S6);抑制7721细胞最高的IC50为34.02 mg·L-1(S5)。通过OPLS和Bivariate数据分析,发现5个挥发油成分,即芳樟醇、橙花叔醇、新植二烯、亚油酸甲酯、植酮,与石上柏挥发油抑制肺癌A549细胞和肝癌7721细胞活性显著相关。结论:该方法能快速、有效地建立石上柏挥发油谱效相关关系,可为石上柏挥发油化学成分药理性质的研究提供参考依据。     

SFE-CO2萃取和水蒸气蒸馏提取熏衣草精油的抗菌活性比较与GC-MS分析

目的：考察用SFE-CO₂萃取(SFE-CO₂)技术和水蒸气蒸馏法(HD)提取的熏衣草精油的体外抗微生物活性，比较两者化学成分的差异。方法：采用滤纸片琼脂平板扩散法和琼脂稀释法检测SFE-CO₂和HD熏衣草精油对4种细菌和4种真菌的抗菌活性，采用GC-MS技术对其进行化学成分分析。结果：两种提取法的熏衣草精油对测试的所有微生物均具有不同程度抗菌作用，SFE-CO₂萃取物抗细菌与抗真菌作用均较HD精油强，其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为0.63～3.33 g·L^-1,最低杀菌浓度(MBC/MFC)为1.04～5.00 g·L^-1。GC-MS法分别鉴定出SFE-CO₂和HD精油的34种和29种化合物，其质量分数为出峰物质总量的95.51 %和98.39 %，两者主要成分中乙酸芳樟酯和乙酸薰衣草酯含量相差较大。结论：SFE-CO₂和HD熏衣草精油均对试验菌株有抗菌活性，SFE-CO₂法提取的熏衣草精油抗菌活性较强。     

川产道地药材蓬莪术醋制前后挥发油的大鼠肠吸收差异研究

目的对比研究川产道地药材蓬莪术醋制前后挥发油的大鼠肠吸收差异。方法通过建立大鼠在体循环肠灌流模型,设置蓬莪术醋制前挥发油组、醋制后挥发油组、醋制前挥发油+醋制前总姜黄素组及醋制后挥发油+醋制后总姜黄素组共4个组,分别计算挥发油中主要有效成分吉马酮、呋喃二烯的吸收速率常数(Ka)、吸收半衰期(t1/2)、单位时间吸收率(P)。结果醋制后蓬莪术挥发油药效成分吸收速率和程度均小于醋制前,醋制前后分别加入总姜黄素之后,蓬莪术挥发油药效成分吸收速率和程度又进一步降低。结论蓬莪术醋制后,通过延缓挥发油中成分的吸收,使血药浓度平稳,从而达到缓解蓬莪术峻猛药性,满足临床用药安全有效的目的。