VEGF/VEGFR在膀胱癌中表达的研究

目的：探讨血管内皮细胞生长因子（VEGF）和血管内皮细胞生长因子受体（VEGFR）KDR在膀胱移行细胞癌（TCC）患者的组织标本及正常膀胱黏膜组织中的定位及表达情况.方法：分别采用免疫组化SABC法和TUNEL法检测60例膀胱癌组织,并以40例正常膀胱黏膜组织作为对照,比较两种不同组织中VEGF及KDR的阳性表达率和表达强度的差异.结果：在60例膀胱TCC中,VEGF和KDR分别有53例和51例呈阳性表达,平均表达率分别为88%和85%,随肿瘤病理分期和细胞分级的增高其表达水平上调.但在40例正常对照组中无一例表达.两者分别比较,差异均极显著（P＜0.01）.结论：VEGF可能通过膀胱移行细胞上的相应受体而发挥一定的生物学作用.膀胱TCC患者的肿瘤组织中KDR的表达可能直接诱发了肿瘤血管的形成.     

血管内皮生长因子C及其受体表达与肝细胞癌侵袭转移的关系

目的 研究人肝细胞癌(HCC)组织中血管内皮生长因子C(VEGF-C)、血管内皮生长因子受体2(VEGFR-2)及VEGFR-3表达与HCC临床病理特征之间的关系.方法 取HCC石蜡切片标本50例及正常肝组织标本15例,免疫组化法检测止常肝组织及HCC组织中VEGF-C、VEGFR-2及VEGFR-3表达,分析其与HCC临床病理特征之间的关系.结果 (1)HCC组织中VEGF-C、VEGFR-2及VEGFR-3表达阳性率高于正常肝组织(62%比26.7%,34%比6.7%,40%比0%,P均<0.05).(2)HCC组织中,VEGF-C表达与肝内转移、门静脉癌柃形成及肝门淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05);VEGFR-2表达与肝内转移及门静脉癌栓形成有关(P<0.05);VEGFR-3表达与肝门淋巴结转移有关(P<0.05).结论 HCC组织中VEGF-C、VEGFR-2及VEGFR-3表达与HCC的侵袭及转移有密切关系.     

子痫前期胎盘组织中血管内皮生长因子及雌激素受体的表达

目的探讨分析子痫前期胎盘组织中血管内皮生长因子及雌激素受体的表达。方法研究对象为2015年2月至2017年2月在我院妇产科孕妇随机选取169例,依据是否处于子痫前期分为两组,其中子痫前期组为研究组83例,子痫前期组根据病情轻重程度分为轻度组37例及重度组46例,正常妊娠组为对照组86例。对比观察两组患者血管内皮生长因子及雌激素受体的表达情况以及血管内皮生长因子与雌激素受体之间的相关性。结果关于两组患者血管内皮生长因子表达情况,研究组(轻度组)阳性率为29.7%,研究组(重度组)阳性率为26.1%,对照组阳性率为83.7%,研究组血管内皮生长因子表达量明显低于对照组,且重度组明显低于轻度组,经统计学分析,P均0.05。关于雌激素受体表达方面,研究组表达量明显高于对照组,经统计学分析,P均0.05。雌激素受体与血管内皮生长因子之间存在负相关性(r值=-0.715,P0.05),提示雌激素受体高表达,血管内皮生长因子低表达与子痫前期存在相关性。结论子痫前期孕妇胎盘组织中血管内皮生长及雌激素受体孕妇表达减少,雌激素受体较正常妊娠孕妇表达增加,且血管内皮生长因子与雌激素受体之间存在负相关性关系。     

多发性浅表膀胱移行细胞癌中VEGF的表达及意义

目的:探讨单发性和多发性浅表膀胱移行细胞癌组织中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达及意义。方法:采用免疫组化方法对60例浅表膀胱移行细胞癌组织及10例正常膀胱组织进行血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的检测,观察单发性和多发性浅表膀胱移行细胞癌组织中VEGF表达的关系。结果:多发性浅表膀胱移行细胞癌VEGF的高表达明显高于单发者的高表达;VEGF高表达的浅表膀胱移行细胞癌的患者的复发率明显高于低表达者的复发率。结论:VEGF表达的高低与浅表膀胱移行细胞癌的生物学行为有关。     

血管生长相关因子在脑血管畸形中的差异性表达

背景：脑血管畸形是在青壮年人群中造成出血性脑卒中的常见病因,畸形血管破裂出血可引发严重的神经功能障碍。脑血管畸形的形成及发病原理尚不明确。现代分子生物学的研究表明血管生长相关因子在脑血管畸形中可能存在异常表达。目的：评价血管生长相关因子在脑畸形血管中的表达差异,探讨血管生长相关因子与脑畸形血管形成的关系。方法：选择脑血管畸形患者与颅内出血开颅治疗患者各50例,通过免疫组织化学染色方法检测脑血管畸形标本和开颅治疗患者颞浅动脉标本中血管因子的表达差异。结果与结论：正常颞浅动脉中血管生长相关因子(血管内皮生长因子和转化生长因子α)几乎不表达,畸形血管中两者高表达(P < 0.05)。结果证实,与正常血管相比,脑血管畸形患者血管内皮生长因子和转化生长因子α的表达存在明显差异,脑畸形血管患者血管组织可表达更多的血管内皮生长因子和转化生长因子α。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程全文链接：     

环氧化酶2、骨形态形成蛋白2和血管内皮生长因子在异位骨化组织中的表达

背景：研究发现环氧化酶2抑制剂具有预防肘关节周围异位骨化的作用。 目的：观察环氧化酶2、骨形态形成蛋白2和血管内皮生长因子在肘关节创伤后异位骨化组织中的表达,并分析其相关性。 方法：采用免疫组化SP法检测18例肘关节创伤后异位骨化组织及10例正常骨组织中环氧化酶2、骨形态形成蛋白2和血管内皮生长因子的表达水平,利用HPIAS-1000图像分析系统测定异位骨化组织与正常骨组织中环氧化酶2、骨形态形成蛋白2和血管内皮生长因子的平均吸光度和阳性区域面积百分率,并分析3种蛋白阳性区域面积百分率之间的相关性。 结果与结论：异位骨化组织中环氧化酶2、骨形态形成蛋白2和血管内皮生长因子呈高表达;正常骨组织中呈低表达或不表达。图像分析结果显示异位骨化组织中3种蛋白平均吸光度及阳性区域面积百分率显著高于正常骨组织(P < 0.01)。异位骨化组织中环氧化酶2与骨形态形成蛋白2、血管内皮生长因子的阳性区域面积百分率呈正相关(P < 0.01)。提示环氧化酶2、骨形态形成蛋白2和血管内皮生长因子在异位骨化的形成过程中起重要作用,环氧化酶2可能通过诱导骨形态形成蛋白2和血管内皮生长因子的表达从而促进异位骨化组织中的成骨和血管形成。     

CSF-1R和VEGF在人声门上型喉癌的表达及与淋巴结转移的关系

目的研究巨噬细胞集落刺激因子受体(macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor,CSF-1R)和血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial factor,VEGF)在声门上型喉鳞状细胞癌的表达及其与喉癌淋巴结转移之间的关系。方法应用免疫组化方法对30例无淋巴结转移的声门上型喉癌组织标本,15例有淋巴结转移的声门上型喉癌组织标本及10例正常喉组织粘膜标本中CSF-1R和VEGF的蛋白表达进行检测,并对其与喉癌相关的临床病理参数进行统计学分析。结果 CSF-1R和VEGF在声门上型喉鳞癌组织中呈强阳性表达,表达水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其中有淋巴结转移组明显高于无淋巴结转移组(P<0.05)。结论 CSF-1R和VEGF在声门上型喉癌过表达与淋巴结转移呈正相关。     

miR-1在膀胱尿路上皮癌中的表达及其功能

目的研究miR-1在膀胱尿路上皮癌中的表达和临床意义,探讨miR-1在膀胱癌发病的作用。方法应用real-time PCR方法分别检测60例配对的新鲜膀胱尿路上皮癌及癌旁正常组织中miR-1的表达,统计分析miR-1表达差异与临床病理因素间的关系,应用CCK8法检测miR-1对膀胱癌T24细胞增殖能力的影响。结果miR-1在膀胱癌组织较癌旁正常组织中表达水平显著降低,而且肌层浸润性膀胱癌(T2-T4)患者组织中的miR-1表达显著低于非肌层浸润性膀胱癌组织(Ta-T1)。miR-1异常低表达与膀胱癌复发或转移、临床分期及病理分级密切相关,miR-1能够抑制膀胱癌T24细胞的增殖能力。结论miR-1在膀胱癌的发病过程中可能发挥着重要作用,可能成为未来膀胱癌治疗的新靶点及预后预测因子。     

Flt-4在不同级别脑星形细胞瘤中的表达意义

目的：探讨不同组织病理分级的脑星形细胞瘤中血管内皮生长因子受体3（Flt-4又称VEGFR-3）的表达意义。 方法： 采用免疫组织化学方法，检测50例不同级别脑星形细胞瘤患者手术切除标本中Flt-4、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的表达，并用抗FⅧ因子抗体标记瘤组织血管内皮细胞，计算肿瘤内微血管密度（IMVD）。 结果： Flt-4、VEGF总阳性表达率分别为52%（26/50）、60%（30/50）。Flt-4、VEGF均与脑星形细胞瘤病理分级呈显著正相关（等级相关系数分别为0.359、0.360,P＜0.05）。 结论： 脑星形细胞瘤中有Flt-4表达，主要表达于血管内皮细胞和部分肿瘤细胞，Flt-4既可是内皮细胞自分泌产生，部分还可来自瘤细胞的旁分泌；脑星形细胞瘤中Flt-4阳性表达的脉管是血管；Flt-4的表达与星形细胞瘤的病理分级相关     

膀胱移行细胞癌中MK表达与其临床病理特征及预后的关系

目的： 研究中期因子（MK）蛋白在膀胱移行细胞癌组织中的表达，探讨其与膀胱癌临床病理特征及术后患者预后的关系。方法: 采用SP免疫组化染色法检测50例手术切除膀胱移行细胞癌组织和10例正常膀胱黏膜中MK表达，分析MK在膀胱癌组织中的表达与其临床对应的各项病理参数的关系，对其中40例有随访资料者的MK表达与预后的关系进行统计学分析。结果: MK在膀胱癌组织中表达率为90％(45/50)，在人正常膀胱组织中无表达或弱表达；在膀胱癌中随肿瘤侵润深度和分级的增加，MK表达逐步增强（P<0.05,P<0.01）。MK表达与性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、数目、初复治无相关（P＞0.05）。生存分析表明，MK低表达组1、3、5年生存率分别为81.8%、81.8%、72.7%，MK高表达组1、3、5年生存率分别为63.6%、36.4%、18.2%，MK高表达组生存率显著低于MK低表达组，组间生存率差异显著（P＜0.05）。结论: MK在膀胱移行细胞癌组织中高表达，在正常膀胱黏膜上皮无或弱表达。MK随肿瘤分期和分级的增加表达逐步增强，而与患者性别、年龄、肿瘤大小、数目、初复治无相关。MK表达与膀胱癌术后患者的预后相关，MK呈高表达者的生存时间比低表达者短。     

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2 in invasive breast carcinoma: prognostic significance and relationship with markers for aggressiveness

Dhakal H P, Naume B, Synnestvedt M, Borgen E, Kaaresen R, Schlichting E, Wiedswang G, Bassarova A, Holm R, Giercksky K‐E & Nesland J M
(2012) Histopathology  61, 350–364 Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1 and 2 in invasive breast carcinoma: prognostic significance and relationship with markers for aggressiveness Aims: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR‐1) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR‐2) play a role in breast cancer growth and angiogenesis. We examined the expression and relationship with clinical outcome and other prognostic factors. Methods and results: Tumour sections from 468 breast cancer patients were immunostained for VEGF, VEGFR‐1, and VEGFR‐2, and their relationships with tumour vascularity, disseminated tumour cells (DTCs) in bone marrow and other clinicopathological parameters were evaluated. VEGF, VEGFR‐1 and VEGFR‐2 immunoreactivities were observed in invasive breast carcinoma cells. VEGF expression was significantly associated with VEGFR‐1 and VEGFR‐2 expression (P < 0.001). High‐level cytoplasmic expression of VEGFR‐1 was associated with significantly reduced distant disease‐free survival (DDFS) (P = 0.017, log‐rank) and breast cancer‐specific survival (BCSS) (P = 0.005, log‐rank) for all patients, and for node‐negative patients without systemic treatment (DDFS, P = 0.03, log‐rank; BCSS, P = 0.009, log‐rank). VEGFR‐1 expression was significantly associated with histopathological markers of aggressiveness (P < 0.05). Significantly reduced survival was observed in DTC‐positive patients as compared with DTC‐negative patients in the combined moderate/high VEGFR‐1 group (P < 0.001 for DDFS and BCSS), and the same was true for DDFS in the moderate VEGFR‐2 group (P = 0.006). Conclusions: High‐level expression of VEGFR‐1 indicates reduced survival. Higher‐level expression of VEGFR‐1 or VEGFR‐2 in primary breast carcinomas combined with the presence of DTC selects a prognostically unfavourable patient group.     

Caveolin-1在膀胱癌的表达及其与膀胱癌生物学性状关系

目的探讨caveolin1在膀胱癌中的表达及其与膀胱移行细胞癌(以下简称为膀胱癌)生物学性状的关系。方法采用SABC免疫组织化学法分析63例膀胱癌组织及15例正常膀胱粘膜中caveolin1表达,结合临床病理资料采用χ2检验进行统计学分析。结果正常膀胱粘膜中caveolin1无表达,膀胱癌组织中caveolin1阳性表达率为34.92%。其中G1、G2、G3期膀胱癌阳性率分别为0%、2.86%、54.28%,病理分级间比较有显著性差异(P<0.01);临床分期Ta～T4阳性率分别为0%、25%、52.94%、40%、50%,各期间比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论caveolin1在膀胱癌的高表达与其病理分级及临床分期有密切的关系,对膀胱癌生物学性状评估有重要意义。     

Helicobacter pylori: association with gall bladder disorders in Pakistan

Helicobacter species colonise the biliary tract and therefore this study explores the relationship between of Helicobacter pylori and cholecystitis. Bile and gall bladder tissue samples were obtained from 144 patients who underwent cholecystectomy. Of these, 89 had chronic cholecystitis with cholelithiasis, 44 had gall bladder carcinoma and 11 had gall bladder polyps. Histopathology examination included special staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC), while Helicobacter species (H. pylori, H. bilis and H. hepaticus) were detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Sequencing and BLAST query of PCR products was undertaken and samples were considered to contain H. pylori if both PCR and IHC were positive. Immunohistochemistry for H. pylori was positive in 22 (25%) cases compared to five (9%) in the control group (P=0.02). Testing (PCR) for 16S rDNA was positive in 23 (26%) cases compared to six (11%) controls (P=0.03). Negative PCR results were obtained for H. bilis and H. hepaticus. Twenty-four (89%) were positive by both 16S rDNA PCR and IHC for H. pylori (P<0.001). Both PCR for 16S rDNA and IHC were positive in 21 (24%) cases compared to five (9%) controls (P=0.03). Sequencing of 16S rRNA and glmM PCR products were consistent with H. pylori. In conclusion, H. pylori DNA was demonstrated in cases of chronic cholecystitis and gall bladder carcinoma associated with cholelithiasis, but this association requires further study.     

Primary and secondary prostatic adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder

Urinary bladder involvement by prostatic adenocarcinoma (PAC) is not well characterized in the literature. Fifteen consecutive cases of PAC diagnosed in the urinary bladder over a period of 10 years were reviewed. All bladder and prostate slides from each patient were evaluated. Eleven patients (group A) had synchronous PAC in the prostate. In these patients, bladder PAC occurred 2 to 11 years after the initial diagnosis of PAC in the prostate and tended to have a higher Gleason score than the original prostatic PAC. Four cases of bladder PAC in group A had areas with features of urothelial carcinoma, with focal positive immunoreactivity for thrombomodulin in 2 cases. Two patients (group B) had undergone radical prostatectomy for PAC 15 years earlier. The lesions in the urinary bladder in both cases showed histopathologic features similar to those seen in the previous prostatic malignancies. Two patients (group C) had histories of previously resected urothelial carcinoma. Bladder PAC was diagnosed at routine follow-up, and repeated prostate biopsy up to 2 years after the diagnosis of bladder PAC showed no evidence of prostatic PAC. PAC in the urinary bladder may be either primary or secondary. Secondary PAC is usually associated with high-grade and high-stage carcinoma in the prostate and may mimic transitional cell carcinoma. Primary bladder lesions may or may not be associated with a history of PAC in the prostate. The prognosis of patients with the primary carcinoma is favorable. HUM PATHOL 32:434-440.     

Reflex UroVysion testing of bladder cancer surveillance patients with equivocal or negative urine cytology: a prospective study with focus on the natural history of anticipatory positive findings

A proportion of patients under surveillance for recurrent bladder carcinoma with no immediate evidence of bladder tumor recurrence have positive multitarget fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH; UroVysion, Vysis, Downers Grove, IL) results. The course of these "anticipatory positive" cases and the time to bladder tumor recurrence remains unknown. We followed up 250 patients with urine cytologic results, concurrent multitarget FISH, and cystoscopic examination for recurrent urothelial carcinoma. Of 81 cases (32.4%) with FISH-positive results, tumor recurrence developed in 60 (74.0%). Of 169 (67.6%) FISH-negative cases, recurrent urothelial carcinoma developed in 22 (13.0%). Of 211 patients (84.4%) with negative cystoscopic examination results, 56 (26.5%) had positive FISH results, and in 35 (62.5%) of these patients, recurrent urothelial carcinoma developed. Approximately 27% of patients under bladder carcinoma surveillance without immediate evidence of tumor recurrence will have a positive FISH result, defining the anticipatory positive subset. In about 65% of this anticipatory positive group, recurrent bladder urothelial carcinoma developed within 29 months.     

膀胱移行细胞癌中PTEN的表达分析

目的研究PTEN在膀胱移行细胞癌（TCC）中的表达。方法应用免疫组织化学染色方法观察52例TCC标本PTEN的表达情况。结果TCC组中PTEN的阳性表达率为71.2%,而10例正常膀胱粘膜组织PTEN表达均为阳性。PTEN表达与膀胱肿瘤病理分级、临床分期密切相关。结论PTEN的异常表达在TCC的发生、发展过程中起重要作用。该指标的检测有助于预后判断。     

DNA flow cytometry and bladder irrigation cytology in detection of bladder carcinoma

In this study we assessed the role of DNA flow cytometry (FCM) as an adjunct to bladder irrigation cytology to detect carcinoma of the bladder. We selected only those cases who had urinary symptoms and cystoscopic examination or histology-proven cases of bladder cancer who underwent cystoscopy for a follow-up study. Cystoscopy, cytologic examination, and DNA FCM were performed in every case. There were 9 fresh cases and 21 follow-up cases of proven transitional-cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. Cystoscopy revealed growth in all 9 fresh cases as well as in 11 follow-up cases. Cytology was positive in 16 cases, out of which there were 8 each of fresh and recurrent cases. None of the cases showed positive cytology with negative cystoscopy findings. DNA FCM was positive in 13 cases. Aneuploidy was detected in 5 cases, out of which there were 3 hyperdiploid and 2 hypodiploid cases. Nine cases had high (equal or more than 10%) S and G2-M phase cells, ranging from 10-19.36%. One case showed aneuploidy along with high S-G2M phase. Both cytology and DNA FCM were positive in 9 cases. In 2 cases, DNA FCM showed aneuploidy, but cytology and cystoscopy were negative. The sensitivity and specificity of the bladder wash cytology were 80% and 100%, and those for DNA FCM were 55% and 83.3%, respectively. We conclude that both bladder wash cytology and DNA FCM techniques should be done in all the cases of suspected TCC to detect more number of positive cases.