炎症标志物在急性冠脉综合征中的研究进展

冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块内的炎症反应促使冠状动脉内不稳定斑块的形成和破裂,并在此基础上发生细胞成分的活化且介导血栓的形成,是大多数急性冠脉综合征发生的主要原因。炎症反应在此过程中起了关键性作用,其中产生的如C反应蛋白、白细胞介素1、6、8、肿瘤坏死因子浕、P选择素等炎症标志物参与了冠脉血管内膜急性炎症的发生、发展过程。     

心脏标志物在急性冠脉综合征中的应用进展

临床上众多的心脏标志物如肌酸激酶同工酶和肌钙蛋白、C.反应蛋白、脑钠肽、CIMO配体、髓过氧化酶、缺血修饰白蛋白、心肌脂肪酸结合蛋白、糖原磷酸化同工酶、妊娠相关蛋白-A、肝细胞生长因子、血清抗心磷脂抗体等标志物均可通过不同途径应用于急性冠脉综合征的诊断和危险分层和预后判断的评价.     

三项生化指标在急性冠脉综合征早期诊断中的意义

急性冠脉综合征是临床上的常见病、多发病.及时发现和鉴别心绞痛与早期心肌梗死对于病人的治疗和预后有着重要的意义.缺血修饰白蛋白(IMA)[1]、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)作为与急性冠脉综合征相关的指标已逐渐在实验室开展起来.本研究通过对比试验发现MIA、cTnI、hsCRP三项指标在急性冠脉综合征早期诊断中的意义.     

无ST段抬高的急性冠脉综合征患者脑钠素检测的临床意义

目的探讨测定脑钠素(BNP)对诊断无ST段抬高的急性冠脉综合征(ACS)的临床意义。方法采用放射免疫吸附法测定无ST段抬高的ACS患者和对照组血浆BNP浓度。将58例无ST段抬高的急性冠脉综合征患者分为非Q波心肌梗死组(NQM I组,28例)和不稳定型心绞痛组(UA组,30例)。分别测定症状发作6小时内及24小时的BNP、肌酸激酶同功酶(CK-MB)和心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI),并与30例对照组比较。结果症状发作6小时内BNP含量NQM I组(59.50μg/L±17.4μg/L)和UA组(38.54μg/L±15.8μg/L)均显著高于对照组(9.82μg/L±1.54μg/L),P<0.01;CK-MB和cTnI均无显著改变。症状发作24小时,NQM I组BNP(160.40μg/L±21.50μg/L)、CK-MB(52.50 U/L±18.4 U/L)和cTnI(10.45μg/L±2.95μg/L)显著高于对照组(9.84μg/L±1.65μg/L、10 U/L±9.5 U/L和0.040μg/L±001μg/L),P<0.01。UA组CK-MB有75.4%的患者为正常值(≤25 U/L),cTnI有62.5%的患者为正常值(≤0.1μg/L),而BNP显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论血浆BNP水平升高与无ST段抬高ACS有关,血浆BNP含量的测定有助于对无ST段抬高的ACS的早期诊断,并可作为评价ACS的危险分层或预后指标。     

心肌标志物联合心电图在急性冠脉综合征100例中诊治应用

目的　探讨心肌标志物联合心电图在急性冠脉综合征(ACS)诊治中临床应用价值。方法　对临床诊断为ACS的10 0例患者常规心电图,及血清心肌标志物测定结果进行分析。结果　10 0例Acs患者中,STEMI者4 1例,NSTEMI者2 4例,UA者35例。治后好转出院91例,未愈自动出院6例,死亡3例。结论　心肌标志物联合心电图在急性冠脉综合征(ACS)诊治中有重要价值。     

急性冠状动脉综合征的生化标志物研究进展

急性冠状动脉综合征 (Acute coronary syndrome,ACS)是由于冠状动脉 (简称为冠脉 )内粥样斑块破裂、表面破损或出现裂纹继而出血和血栓形成 ,引起冠脉不完全或完全阻塞所致 ,临床表现为完全无症状、不稳定性心绞痛 (UA)、急性心肌梗死 (AMI)或心源性猝死 [1]。对于理解 ACS作为一个连续病理生理过程特点以及提高诊断准确性、降低误诊率、对 ACS患者危险分层、预后判断来说 ,心肌酶学的应用已经不完全能满足 ,这就要求人们不断开发对心肌细胞损伤坏死高度特异、敏感 ,释放足够早 ,持续时间足够用于检测的其他生化标志物。本文拟就 AC…     

急性冠脉综合征患者血清BNP与cTNI相关性研究

目的 探讨血清脑钠肽( BNP)和心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTNI)在急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)患者中的水平及两者之间相关性.方法 2010年4月-2012年2月我院收治的ACS患者35例(作为实验组),其中不稳定心绞痛患者(UAP)17例,急性心肌梗死患者(AMI)18例.同期收治的稳定型心绞痛患者(SAP)22例和健康查体者25例作为对照组.酶联免疫吸附法和化学发光法分别测定血清BNP和cTNI水平.结果 AMI组、UAP组、SAP组和健康查体组血浆BNP水平分别为336.7 pg /mL±103.0 pg /mL,172.2 pg /mL±58.8 pg /mL,55.1 pg /mL±29.9 pg /mL 和16.9 pg /mL±10.6 pg /mL,AMI组患者最高,且差别有统计学意义(P＜0.001);血浆cTNI水平分别18.13 ng/mL±7.21 ng/mL,0.61 ng/mL±0.33 ng/mL,0.22 ng/mL±0.11 ng/mL和0.18 ng/mL±0.14 ng/mL,AMI组患者最高,且差别有统计学意义(P＜0.001).AIM组患者血浆BNP与cTNI之间存在相关性,Pearson相关系数为0.86(P＜0.001).结论 血清BNP水平在ACS患者中明显升高,AMI患者升高最为显著且与cTNI存在正相关,BNP、cTNI可作为辅助诊断急性心梗危险分层的指标之一.     

血肌钙蛋白I阳性的非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征患者特征

心肌肌蛋白Ⅰ(cTnI)是一种特异性的心肌结构蛋白,cTnI释放量与心肌细胞环死数量存在较好的相关性.本文主要观察cTnI阳性的非ST段抬高的急性冠脉综合征(NSTEACS)患者的临床和冠脉造影的特点.     

急性冠脉综合征早期静脉应用美托洛尔对心肌标志物和心功能的影响

目的探讨急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者早期静脉注射美托洛尔对心肌损伤标志物和心功能的影响。方法 2004年1月—2004年12月确诊的发病在12h内的ACS患者72例,随机分为两组。治疗组于入院后立即静脉注射美托洛尔5mg,连续3次,之后继续口服美托洛尔片剂。对照组给予常规治疗。两组均测定入院时及发病12h、24h、48h、96h的心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)和肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)及168h的cTnI。两组在发病后2周及4周时应用彩色多普勒超声心动图仪测定左心室收缩末容积(LVESV)和左心室舒张末容积(LVEDV),计算左室射血分数(LVEF)。结果治疗组在发病12h、24h的cTnI及12h的CK-MB水平均较对照组明显下降(P0.05)。治疗组4周时的LVESV较对照组显著减少(P0.05)。发病12h时cTnI与CK-MB水平与LVEF呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.316(P0.01)、-0.251(P0.05)。结论 ACS早期注射美托洛尔可以减少cTnI和CK-MB的释放,改善近期预后,而且LVEF与发病12h的cTnI及CK-MB水平呈显著负相关。     

应用蛋白芯片联合检测急性冠状动脉综合征患者循环血中蛋白标志物

目的:同步联检急性冠状动脉(冠脉)综合征患者循环血中10种蛋白标志物浓度并探讨其临床意义。方法:运用蛋白芯片技术联检经冠脉造影及临床表现证实为急性冠脉综合征患者104例(分为急性心肌梗死组54例、不稳定性心绞痛组50例)及正常对照组50例血清或血浆中10种蛋白标志物水平,选择其中3种蛋白标志物与经典的酶联免疫双抗体夹心吸附实验(ELISA法)对照。结果:急性心肌梗死组和不稳定性心绞痛组血清中基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、可溶性CD40L(sCD40L)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及血浆中内皮素-1(ET-1)浓度,与正常对照组比较,差异有显著性(P＜0.01);急性心肌梗死组血清中H-FABP、cTnI含量明显高于不稳定性心绞痛组,差异有显著性(P＜0.01)。CRP与IL-6和sCD40L与可溶性血管细胞粘附分子-1(sVCAM-1)、MMP-9之间的直线相关分析结果发现,CRP与IL-6显著正相关(r=0.961,P＜0.01);sCD40L与sVCAM-1显著正相关(r=0.644,P＜0.01), sCD40L与MMP-9无相关性(r=0.158,P＞0.05)。采用蛋白芯片法与ELISA法检测急性冠状动脉综合征患者血中的3种蛋白标志物,结果显示H-FABP、sCD401的含量,差异无显著性(P＞0.05),而MMP-9差异有显著性(P＜0.01)。结论:心血管蛋白芯片技术不失为一种综合评估急性冠脉综合征蛋白标志物的有力工具。急性冠脉综合征患者循环中10种蛋白标志物水平异常,可作为急性冠脉综合征发生、发展过程中分子水平的标志物群。     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者血清肌钙蛋白I水平与血管内超声的对比分析

目的比较血清肌钙蛋白I(cTn I)升高与否的急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者的冠状动脉病变特点.方法在行冠状动脉介入治疗前用血管内超声检测62例ACS患者的75处病变.根据血清cTn I是否升高将患者分为两组cTn I升高组34例(cTn I>0.15 ng/ml)和cTn I正常组28例(cTn I≤0.15 ng/ml).分析病变处与近端和远端参考段,包括血管外弹力膜面积、管腔面积及斑块负荷,并计算斑块面积和重塑指数,继之确定重塑方向(正、负、无重塑);此外对每组的软硬斑块进行识别和比较. 结果cTn I升高组重塑指数大于cTn I正常组(1.01±0.25对0.83±0.11,P<0.01),正重塑常见于cTn I升高组(46.5%对6.3%,P<0.001),负重塑常见于cTn I正常组(81.3%对39.5%,P<0.05).cTn I升高组患者的病变斑块面积比cTn I正常组大[(11.9±5.2) mm2对(9.1±3.4) mm2,P<0.05];前者远端参考段斑块面积也比后者大[(5.5±3.4) mm2对(3.8±1.8) mm2,P<0.05].cTn I升高组患者与cTn I正常组相比有增高的血栓形成率(P<0.05).结论cTn I升高的ACS患者存在较多血栓和正重塑,有较大的病变处斑块面积和远端参考段斑块面积.他们的冠状动脉病变较cTn I正常的患者严重、复杂.     

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography in Patients with Previous Acute Coronary Syndrome

Background/Aims

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is considered a high-risk procedure in patients with previous acute coronary syndrome (ACS); however, clinical studies are rare in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of ERCP in patients with previous ACS.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with previous ACS who underwent ERCP between January 2007 and August 2012. The clinical characteristics, ERCP diagnoses, treatment results, and complications were analyzed.

Results

Fifty patients underwent ERCP an average of 41.6 months after ACS. The most common indication for ERCP was calculous cholangitis. After deep biliary cannulation, endoscopic sphincterotomy, biliary stone removal and endoscopic biliary drainage were successfully performed. Immediate postsphincterotomy bleeding occurred in seven patients, which was successfully controlled using endoscopic therapy. Elevation of cardiac troponin I levels were observed in three patients (6%) before ERCP, and all of these patients were diagnosed with pancreatobiliary disease combined with recurrent ACS, which was treated with coronary artery stent insertion (n=2) and balloon angioplasty (n=1).

Conclusions

Therapeutic ERCP is effective and safe in patients with previous ACS. Cardiac troponin I elevation should be considered a warning sign for recurrent ACS in patients who undergo ERCP.     

急性冠状动脉综合征血清缺血修饰白蛋白的动态变化

目的:探讨血清缺血修饰白蛋白(IMA)对急性冠状动脉综合征早期的诊断价值。方法:将56例急性冠状动脉综合征患者分为三组,不稳定性心绞痛组(n=25),ST抬高心肌梗死组(n=20),非ST抬高心肌梗死组(n=11),另选50例健康体检者为正常对照组。分别于胸痛发作2、4、6、12及24 h抽血检测56例急性冠状动脉综合征患者的血清缺血修饰白蛋白、肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnI)、肌酸激酶MB同工酶(CK-MB),分析缺血修饰白蛋白对急性冠状动脉综合征的诊断价值。结果:在急性冠状动脉综合征患者中缺血修饰白蛋白水平于胸痛发作2小时已明显增高并达高峰,4小时仍持续增高,明显高于正常对照组(P<0．01),6小时降至正常。而CK-MB、cTnI水平在胸痛发作4小时开始增高,6小时明显增高,以后逐步递增并在24小时达高峰。不稳定型心绞痛、ST抬高的心肌梗死、非ST抬高的心肌梗死三组中,缺血修饰白蛋白水平升高以不稳定型心绞痛组最明显。结论:缺血修饰白蛋白是诊断急性冠状动脉综合征的早期敏感指标,是目前唯一的诊断心肌缺血的生化标志物。     

Long-term Outcomes of Enhanced Depression Treatment in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes

BackgroundThe Coronary Psychosocial Evaluation Studies trial demonstrated promising results for enhanced depression treatment to reduce cardiovascular risk of patients with acute coronary syndrome and comorbid depression, but the long-term effectiveness of this intervention is unclear.MethodsA total of 157 participants with persistent depression after hospitalization for acute coronary syndromes were enrolled in the Coronary Psychosocial Evaluation Studies trial. A total of 80 participants were allocated to 6 months of enhanced depression treatment, and 77 participants were allocated to usual care. We report on an additional 12 months of observational follow-up for the composite outcome of death or first hospitalization for myocardial infarction or unstable angina.ResultsAlthough the intervention was previously shown to have favorable cardiovascular effects during the treatment period, we observed a significant time-by-treatment group interaction during extended follow-up (P = .008). Specifically, during the 6-month treatment period, death or hospitalization for myocardial infarction/unstable angina occurred in 3 participants (4%) in the treatment group compared with 11 participants (14%) in the usual care group (hazard ratio, 0.25; 95% confidence interval, 0.07-0.90; P = .03). In contrast, during 12 months of additional observational follow-up, 11 participants (14%) in the treatment group experienced the composite outcome of death or hospitalization for myocardial infarction/unstable angina compared with 3 participants (4%) in the usual care group (hazard ratio, 2.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.80-10.56; P = .10).ConclusionsEnhanced depression treatment was associated with a reduced risk of death or hospitalization for myocardial infarction/unstable angina during active treatment, but this effect did not persist after treatment ceased. Future research is needed to confirm our findings and to determine the optimal duration of depression treatment in patients with depression after acute coronary syndromes.     

雷帕霉素洗脱支架治疗急性冠状动脉综合征临床观察

目的:评价在非选择的急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)患者中置入雷帕霉素洗脱支架(SES)的安全性和临床疗效。方法:选择224例接受冠状动脉内支架术治疗的ACS患者,其中103例接受普通支架治疗(普通支架组),121例接受SES治疗(SES组)。记录一般临床情况、手术成功率和术后随访心脏事件发生率,包括:心原性死亡、再梗死、心绞痛复发等。结果:两组支架术的手术成功率相似。与普通支架组比较,SES组30天内心脏事件发生率无显著差异(0%比1.94%,P=0.210)。平均随访(9.1±3.6)个月,SES组心肌缺血症状复发率较普通支架组明显减低(4.96%比20.39%,P=0.001)。两组9个月无心脏事件生存率SES组与对照组分别为95.04%和77.67%(P=0.001)。结论:ACS患者中SES支架术安全有效,且远期临床疗效明显改善。     

Reconstituted HDL in Acute Coronary Syndromes

Objectives: The strong inverse relationship between plasma high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease provides the epidemiological basis that HDL is atheroprotective. Since HDL enhances cholesterol efflux and exhibits potent antiinflammatory properties, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether infusion of reconstituted HDL (rHDL) impacts on vascular function, a well‐established surrogate of atherosclerotic vascular disease, as well as markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Methods: Twenty‐nine patients with ACS were randomized to double‐blind treatment with rHDL or albumin. Endothelium‐dependent and independent vasodilatation to intraarterial acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside were measured by forearm venous occlusion plethysmography. In addition, oxidized LDL and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein were determined as markers of oxidative stress and vascular inflammation. Results: rHDL infusion increased plasma HDL (P < 0.0001) and decreased LDL (P < 0.0001). Oxidized LDL (P= 0.11), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (P= 0.12) and the response to endothelium‐dependent and ‐independent vasodilatators remained unchanged after rHDL compared to albumin infusion (14.9 ± 9.2 versus 14.5 ± 12.4, P= 0.93 and 12.8 ± 7.1 versus 13.2 ± 9.6, P= 0.27, respectively). Conclusions: An increase of HDL and a reduction of LDL notwithstanding, human rHDL did not improve vascular function in patients with ACS thus further challenging the clinical benefit of interventions, which rapidly raise HDL in ACS, particularly with the infusion of reconstituted HDL.     

直接凝血酶抑制剂在急性冠脉综合征中的应用

冠心病的病理生理机制是破裂粥样斑块基础上血栓的形成。斑块中的组织因子可触发凝血,导致凝血酶的形成,并进一步触发凝血过程。因此,凝血酶抑制剂在预防冠脉内血栓形成的过程中起十分重要的作用。