血清sICAM-1、Ⅳ-C检测与DM2肾病相关性分析

糖尿病肾病(DN)是1型和2型糖尿病最重要和最常见的并发症之一,是引发终末期肾脏疾病(ESRD)的主要原因之一.DN在1型和2型糖尿病患者中的发生率约为35%[1].近些年,细胞因子、黏附分子等成为糖尿病肾病(DN)研究、检测和治疗的热点,对它们与糖尿病肾病关系的研究有可能为DN的诊治提供新的思路.本文就2型糖尿病患者血液中sICAM-1、四型胶原(Ⅳ-C)浓度测定探讨其与糖尿病肾病的关系,现报道如下.     

Th1、Th2T细胞及其细胞因子在自身免疫性糖尿病中的作用

Ⅰ型糖尿病是T细胞介导的自身免疫性疾病,Th细胞亚群在疾病的发生过程中起了一定的作用。其中致病性免疫过程是由T细胞亚群Th1介导的,而TH2细胞亚群则是介导保护性免疫反应的。Th1型细胞因子(IL-2.IFN)通过直接促进细胞凋亡和/或上调选择性粘附分子的表达,以及Th1细胞因子可促进自身反应性T细胞在胰腺的浸润,二者均导致β细胞的破坏;Th1细胞介导的针对谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)的自身免疫反应增强,并通过分子内和分子间传导的机制转导至其他β细胞。Th1和Th2亚群实质上是机体在特异性抗原刺激下,Th细胞发生相对优势转化的结果。Th细胞的优势转化具有可塑性,对Th1或Th2型细胞因子或抗细胞因子单抗的研究,将为临床上自身免疫性糖尿病的治疗开辟新的途径。     

催乳素与系统性红斑狼疮Th1/Th2型细胞因子分泌异常

系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)是多种因素相互作用引起的自身免疫性疾病,其发病机制复杂。近年来,随着对神经内分泌免疫网络的研究和认识日渐增多加深,发现催乳素(PRL)与多种自身免疫性疾病相关,如SLE、类风湿性关节炎、干燥综合征等,其中与SLE的关系最引人注目,但具体作用机制还未明确。PRL作为一个自分泌/旁分泌的细胞因子,在细胞因子网络中起着重要的作用,影响其他细胞因子的产生。分别从SLE与Th1/Th2型细胞因子分泌异常、PRL与Th1/Th2细胞因子分泌异常、SLE与PRL的关系等作简要的分析非常重要。     

消化道肿瘤患者Th1/Th2细胞的监测和分析

为观察肿瘤患者外周血Th1/Th2细胞数及其与肿瘤的相关性。Th1/Th2细胞的检测采用酶联免疫斑点法 (ELISPOT ) ,细胞因子的检测采用双抗体夹心ELISA法。结果胃癌患者Th1/Th2细胞比值降低 (P <0 0 5 )。经IL 12 +抗IL 4单抗处理组 ,Th1/Th2细胞比值升高 ;经IL 4 +抗IFN γ单抗处理组 ,Th1/Th2细胞比值降低 (P <0 0 5 )。胃癌、结直肠癌患者外周血中Th2细胞均占优势 ,其Th1型细胞因子IL 2和IFN γ与正常人相比显著降低 ;Th2型细胞因子IL 4、IL 6和IL 10与正常人相比显著升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ;同时 ,TNF α显著升高 (P <0 0 5 ) ;IL 12降低 ,其中结直肠癌患者与正常人比没有显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ,胃癌患者与正常人比有显著差异 (P <0 0 5 )。此外还发现随着肿瘤分化程度的降低 ,Th1型细胞因子的降低和Th2型细胞因子的升高更加明显 (P <0 0 5 )。肿瘤患者Th1/Th2细胞比值降低 ,同时 ,Th1型细胞因子降低 ,Th2型细胞因子升高。但在肿瘤的免疫治疗过程中 ,通过诱导IL 12等Th1型细胞因子的分泌 ,可促进细胞免疫应答 ,有助于疾病的治疗。     

Th1/Th2与慢性乙型肝炎

慢性乙型肝炎发病机制复杂 ,与机体的免疫状态密切相关 ,CD4 + Th细胞是机体的重要调节细胞 ,根据其产生细胞因子的不同分为Th1和Th2亚型 ,分别参与调节细胞免疫和体液免疫 ,Th1和Th2可相互调节 ,影响免疫应答的格局 ,Th1 Th2在多种感染性疾病中发挥重要作用 ,慢性乙肝患者存在Th1 Th2失衡 ,本文就Th1 Th2与慢性乙肝的关系研究进展进行简述。     

Th1／Th2与慢性乙型肝炎

慢性乙型肝炎发病机制复杂，与机体的免疫状态密切相关，CD4^ Th细胞是机体的重要调节细胞，根据其产生细胞因子的不同分为Th1和Th2亚型，分别参与调节细胞免疫和体液免疫，Th1和Th2可相互调节，影响免疫应答的格局，Th1／Th2在多种感染性疾病中发挥重要作用，慢性乙肝患者存在Th1／Th2失衡，本文就Th1／Th2与慢性乙肝的关系研究进展进行简述。     

2型糖尿病肾病患者血浆ET、Hcy测定的临床意义

目的:探讨2型糖尿病肾病(DN)患者内皮素(ET)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)的浓度。方法:分别应用放射免疫分析、荧光法测定32例糖尿病无肾病组和35例糖尿病肾病组患者血浆ET、Hcy的含量,并与30名正常对照组进行比较。结果:2型糖尿病肾病组ET、Hcy的含量均明显高于正常对照组和糖尿病无肾病组(P<0.05~0.01)。结论:ET、Hcy均通过一系列复杂的机制参与了DN的发生和发展,它们对DN的预防和治疗将有重要的临床意义。     

肝癌患者癌组织与外周血Th1/Th2细胞的监测及临床意义

目的 :为观察肝癌患者癌组织与外周血Th1 Th2细胞变化及临床意义。方法 :Th1 Th2细胞检测采用酶联免疫斑点法 (ELISPOT) ,细胞因子检测采用双抗体夹心ELISA法。结果 :肝癌患者癌组织与外周血Th1 Th2细胞比值明显降低 (P <0 0 5 ) ,其Th1型细胞表达IL 2、INF γ等细胞因子水平明显低于正常对照组 ;Th2型细胞表达IL 4、IL 10等细胞因子水平明显高于正常对照组。PHA和IL 12介导肝癌患者手术切除前和手术切除 3个月后外周血Th1型细胞表达IL 2、INF γ等细胞因子水平升高 ,Th2型细胞表达IL 4、IL 10等细胞因子水平明显下降。结论 :肝癌患者癌组织与外周血Th1 Th2细胞比值均明显降低 ,细胞因子表达失衡 ,肝癌患者存在免疫功能抑制 ,因此 ,在肝癌治疗过程中打破免疫抑制 ,纠正Th1 Th2细胞比例失衡是必要的     

CXCL16与糖尿病肾病关系的研究

糖尿病肾病( diabetic nephropathy,DN)是糖尿病微血管并发症之一,CXC趋化因子配体16 (CXC chemokine ligand16,CXCLl6)是新近发现的一种细胞因子,具有清道夫受体作用和免疫炎症属性.本研究主要探讨CXCLl6与2型糖尿病肾病之间的关系,进而为糖尿病肾病的诊断、治疗与预...     

绒毛和蜕膜中的Th1,Th2细胞因子水平与反复流产的关系

目的　了解Th1,Th2细胞因子在反复流产患者绒毛和蜕膜中的浓度以及与反复流产的关系。方法　采用放射免疫的方法 (RIA)对 80例反复流产患者和 2 8例正常妇女的绒毛和蜕膜中Th1,Th2细胞因子进行检测。结果　反复流产患者中绒毛、蜕膜Th1,Th2细胞因子的浓度增高 ,与正常对照组相比 (P <0 0 5 ,0 0 1) ;Th1/Th2偏移。结论　Th1、Th2型细胞因子的异常分布与妊娠丢失有关     

Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus

Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the breakdown of immune tolerance leading to excessive inflammation and tissue damage. Imbalance in the levels of cytokines represents one of the multifactorial causes of SLE pathogenesis and it contributes to disease severity. Deregulated levels of T helper type 1 (Th1), type 2 (Th2), and type 17 (Th17) cytokines have been associated with autoimmune inflammation. Growing evidence has shown deregulated levels of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines in SLE patients compared to healthy controls associated with disease activity and severity. In this review, we describe and discuss the levels of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines in SLE patients, and clinical trials involving Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines in SLE patients. In particular, with the exception of IL-2, IL-4, and TGF-β1, the levels of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cytokines are increased in SLE patients associated with disease severity. Current phase II or III studies involve therapeutic antibodies targeting IFN-α and type I IFN receptor, while low-dose IL-2 therapy is assessed in phase II clinical trials.     

CCK-8对KLH免疫小鼠脾细胞Th1/Th2平衡的影响

目的： 探讨八肽胆囊收缩素（CCK-8）对Th1/Th2平衡的调节作用。方法: 给予BALB/c小鼠钥孔戚血蓝蛋白（KLH）免疫同时体内给予不同剂量的CCK-8,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测其脾细胞培养上清中Th1型细胞因子γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-2（IL-2）和Th2型细胞因子白细胞介素-4（IL-4）、白细胞介素-5（IL-5）水平,逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法检测脾细胞中IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-4、IL-5 mRNA表达;ELISA法检测血清中Th1型抗KLH抗体IgG2a和Th2型抗KLH抗体IgG1水平。结果: ①KLH免疫使小鼠脾细胞分泌Th1/Th2型细胞因子水平明显增高,mRNA表达增高,KLH免疫同时给予CCK-8可使脾细胞培养上清中IFN-γ、IL-2含量进一步增加和IFN-γ、IL-2mRNA表达增高,而使IL-4、IL-5含量降低,IL-4、IL-5 mRNA表达减低和降低IL-4/IFN-γ比值。②KLH免疫小鼠血清中IgG2a、IgG1发生不同程度增高,CCK-8可使其血清中IgG1水平减低而使IgG2a水平增高。结论: CCK-8可促进KLH免疫小鼠体内Th1反应,使Th2优势反应向Th1方向转变。     

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 immunoglobulin modified dendritic cells attenuate allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness by regulating the development of T helper type 1 (Th1)/Th2 and Th2/regulatory T cell subsets in a murine model of asthma

T helper type 2 (Th2) and regulatory T cells (T(reg) ) have been postulated to have critical roles in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 immunoglobulin (CTLA4Ig) gene-modified dendritic cells (DC-CTLA4Ig) have the potential to reduce Th2 cells and induce T(reg) cells. In the present study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of the adoptive transfer of DC-CTLA4Ig into mice in an experimental model of asthma. BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and challenged with aerosolized OVA for 7 days. Just prior to the first challenge, DC-CTLA4Ig, DCs or DCs infected with DC-green fluorescent protein (GFP) were injected intravenously into mice. The administration of DC-CTLA4Ig reduced airway hyperresponsiveness, relieved asthmatic airway inflammation and decreased the numbers of esosinophils in the BALF in OVA-sensitized/challenged mice. In addition, DC-CTLA4Ig altered the balance of Th1/Th2 cytokine production in the lungs with increased interferon (IFN)-γ levels and decreased interleukin (IL)-4 levels, decreased the percentage of Th2 and increased both the percentage of Th1 and T(reg) cells in the lungs of OVA-sensitized/challenged mice. This research demonstrates that DC-CTL4Ig reduces airway hyperresponsiveness effectively and prevents airway inflammation in OVA-sensitized/challenged mice, which is due most probably to attenuated secretion of Th2 cytokines and increased secretion of Th1 cytokines in the local airway, and the correction of the pulmonary imbalance between Th1/Th2 cells and Th2/T(reg) cells.     

Distribution of Th1, Th2, and Th0 and the Th1/Th2 cell ratios in human peripheral and endometrial T cells

PROBLEM: To examine whether normal pregnancy involves type 2 T-helper (Th2) immune condition or not. METHOD OF STUDY: We measured the percentage of Th0, Th1, and Th2 and the Th1/Th2 cell ratios of human peripheral blood and endometrial T cells using flow cytometry, which can analyze both the surface marker CD3, and intracellular cytokines, interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interferon gamma (IFNgamma). RESULTS: No significant differences were found in the percentages of Th1, Th2, and Th0 and the Th1/Th2 cell ratios in the peripheral blood T cells of nonpregnant women and women in early pregnancy. On the other hand, the percentage of Th1 cells was highest during the proliferative phase of the endometrium, followed by the secretory phase and early pregnancy decidua. The percentage of Th2 cells was highest in early pregnancy decidua and lowest during the proliferative phase of the endometrium. The Th1/Th2 ratio was 147.48+/-96.68 during the proliferative phase of the endometrium, 37.74+/-21.33 during the secretory phase, and 1.31+/-0.48 in the early pregnancy decidua. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that Th1 cells predominate in the nonpregnant endometrium, especially during the proliferative phase, while Th2 cells predominate in early pregnancy decidua.     

Th1 and Th2 Cytokine Modulation by IL-10/IL-12 Imbalance in Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia (AIHA)

Recent studies about autoimmune diseases in animal models and in humans focused their attention on lymphocyte activation and in vitro cytokine production. The respective contribution of the Th1 and Th2 cytokines to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is still a matter of debate. In this study the role of IL-2, IL-4, IFN- &#110, IL-10 and IL-12 cytokines were investigated by examining their spontaneous and mitogen-induced (OKT3 and PHA or LPS) synthesis and T-cells proliferative response by peripheral blood mononuclear cells to determine their role in the pathogenesis of AIHA. Thirteen patients affected by AIHA, idiopathic or associated with other diseases, and 13 healthy subjects, randomly selected from a group of blood donors, were investigated. This study indicated that AIHA is characterised by increased basal synthesis of IL-4 and decreased levels of IFN- &#110 compared with healthy controls ( p <0,01). These results suggest that there is a basal decrease of Th1 cytokine and an increase of the Th2 ones. Enhanced IL-2 levels in AIHA patients are likely due to the necessity of a T-cell proliferation stimulus rather than produced as Th1 prevalent stimulation. Furthermore, it has been observed a significant increase in IL-12 production in LPS stimulated cultures from healthy controls, but not in AIHA patients, that shows IL-10 increased levels, which could cause a secondary decrease in IFN- &#110 production and a stimulation of Th2 differentiation. These observations indicate that decreased production of Th1-type cytokines and prevalent Th2 ones leading to autoantibodies production in AIHA may be secondary to the imbalance between IL-10 and IL-12. These results strongly suggest that manipulation of the cytokine network, i.e. IL-10/IL-12 balance, maintained by cells of the innate immune system, can have a strong effect on the incidence of AIHA and their modulation might be useful for a therapeutic control of the disorder.     

苦参素对HBsAg转基因小鼠血清Th1和Th2细胞因子水平的影响

目的　探讨苦参素对HBsAg转基因小鼠外周血Th1 Th2细胞因子水平的影响。方法　HBsAg转基因小鼠分成苦参素组和对照组 ,分别每天腹腔注射苦参素注射液 2 0 0mg kg 0 2ml和生理盐水 0 2ml,共 30d。处理前后 ,检测外周血清细胞因子水平。结果　对照组处理前后γ 干扰素(IFN γ)与白细胞介素 4 (IL 4 )水平差异无显著意义 ;苦参素组处理前后IFN γ分别为 (3 10 8± 3 172 )pg ml和 (11 0 5 9± 6 971)pg ml,IL 4分别为 (2 9 0 4 5± 13 2 35 )pg ml和 (13 0 2 4± 9 0 0 2 )pg ml(均P <0 0 0 1)。处理后对照组与苦参素组IL 2分别为 (1 0 70± 0 4 4 7)pg ml和 (5 5 37± 2 887)pg ml(P <0 0 0 0 1) ;IL 10分别为 (97 2 2 6± 73 30 6 )pg ml和 (33 6 0 7± 2 3 15 4 )pg ml(P <0 0 1)。结论　在苦参素作用后 ,HBsAg转基因小鼠体内的Th1型细胞因子明显升高 ,Th2型细胞因子明显降低。这将有助于研究苦参素临床治疗乙型肝炎的机制。     

Kinetics and functional implications of Th1 and Th2 cytokine production following activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in primary culture

The importance of cytokine production in some disease processes is now widely recognized. To investigate temporal relationships between cytokines, we stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in vitro using the T cell mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and various antigens chosen to induce predominantly Th1 (streptokinase: streptodornase or purified protein derivative) or Th2 (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, bee or wasp venom: allergens in sensitive subjects) responses. Cytokine production was measured by sensitive bioassays or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Of the 30 subjects studied, 10 were normal and 20 individuals were allergic to either D. pteronyssinus (n = 10) or bee venom (n = 10) (examined before specific allergen immunotherapy). We examined the temporal profiles of a panel of cytokines produced in prmary culture. In PHA-driven cultures, cytokines were found to be sequentially produced in the order interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-3, interferon (IFN)-γ, IL-10, IL-6, IL-12 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The response to allergen in allergic patients was predominantly Th2 in nature, with the production of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-10, but little or no IFN-γ. IL-2, IL-3, TNF-α and IL-12 were also produced in low amounts. The response of both atopic and normal subjects to recall bacterial antigens was predominantly Th1, with high levels of IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α. The relevance of the order, amount and speed of production, characteristic kinetics (production, consumption, homeostatic regulation) and the cell source of the cytokines are discussed.     

支气管哮喘与Th1/Th2/Th17的相关性分析

支气管哮喘是一种涉及多种临床症状,例如咳嗽、气喘、呼吸困难等常见的呼吸系统疾病,其发病率之高严重威胁着人类的健康.哮喘的发病与遗传和环境都有着密切的联系,因其发病机制十分复杂至今尚未明了.众多的细胞及其细胞因子均参与了哮喘的发病过程,其中辅助性T细胞(Thelper,Th)及其亚群(Th1、Th2和Th17)已被证实与支气管哮喘的发生有着十分密切的关系.     

HBcAg/HBeAg对慢性乙型肝炎患者PBMC中Th1/Th2类细胞应答的影响

目的 探讨ＨＢｃＡｇ／ＨＢｅＡｇ对慢性乙型肝炎患者ＰＢＭＣ中Ｔｈ１／Ｔｈ２类细胞应答的影响。方法 用套式ＰＣＲ法检测６４便慢性ＨＢＶ感染者ＰＢＭＣ中ＨＶＢ ＤＮＡ;分别用ＰＨＡ、ＨＢｃＡｇ和ＨＢｅＡｇ体外培养;ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测ＰＢＭＣ产生Ｔｈ１类细胞因子（ＩＬ－２、ＩＦＮ－γ）和Ｔｈ２类细胞因子（ＩＬ－４、ＩＬ－１０）的含量。结果 表明ＨＢＶ ＤＮＡ阳性组和阴性组相比,无论是在ＰＨＡ还是在ＨＢｃＡ