便携式采血计重两用仪的结构与应用

随着公民义务献血的广泛开展与普及,采血形式也有了发展,通常是献血者到医院进行采血,为了方便献血者,有的医院深入工矿、企业、学校、村镇以及街道等单位进行巡回采血。这就需要设置临时采血环境,因此对采血设备提出了新的要求。即要求采血     

DCY—1型采血仪电子控制及报讯电路

DCY-1型采血仅控制系统,是根据采血的技术要求即混合,称量定量、截止、报讯等,采用机电结合,光电转换,将被采集的血液的重量以电讯号的形式出现,实现了以上技术要求,提高了血液采集速度与采血质量。本文主要介绍此采血仪的电子控制和报讯电路。     

两种采血方法在血液常规检验中的临床对比结果观察

目的：探究两种采血方法在血常规检验中的差异性。方法：对来我院进行体检的健康人群70例，随机分为两组，甲组采用静脉采血方式，乙组采用末梢采血方式。利用血液分析仪检测血红蛋白、血小板、红细胞水平值，然后比较差异。结果：两种采血方法下的红细胞、血小板、白细胞计数等差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：采用不同的采血方法得到的结果不相同，静脉采血结果比末梢稳定。     

DCY—2型采血仪电子电路

采血称量混合设备是部队或地方医院血库、中心血站等医疗采血单位在采血过程中进行称量和实现血液与保存液均匀混合的重要设备.世界发达国家对该种设备的研究十分重视,起步较早,发展较快.将先进科学技术的成果越来越多地运用到了该类设备之中.在国内,采血称量设备较简陋,与先进国家差距明显.为满足临床血液学发展的需要,提     

不同采血针对新生儿足跟采血成功率的影响

目的：探讨不同采血针在新生儿疾病筛查采血中的采血效果。方法：采用三种采血针分别对2126例（A组）、1786例（B组）、1471例（C组）新生儿进行足跟采血，比较其采血成功率。结果：A、B、C三组之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：采用7号一次性注射针头采血（C组）可明显提高采血成功率。     

心理安抚对体检采血者的影响研究

目的 观察心理安抚对体检采血者的影响，探究体检采血者有效的干预方法。方法 研究纳入2022年6月—2023年2月天津市职业病防治院体检科150例体检采血者进行分组。按照平均法随机分为观察组和对照组，每组75例，对照组体检采血者采取常规护理，观察组体检采血者在常规护理基础上开展心理安抚干预，比较两组体检采血者不良反应情况（疼痛、过度情绪紧张、晕针、穿刺点淤血或肿胀等）、体检采血者满意度（采取环境、护士技术水平、礼仪服务等）。结果 观察组体检采血者疼痛、过度情绪紧张、晕针、穿刺点淤血或肿胀不良反应发生率明显低于对照组体检采血者，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组体检采血者对采取环境、护士技术水平、礼仪服务满意率明显高于对照组体检采血者，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 心理安抚对体检采血者具有较为积极的影响，体检采血者经干预后不良反应较少，且满意率较高，具有较好的应用价值与意义，值得推广。     

新型一次性防菌型中心静脉采血器的临床应用

目的：探讨新型一次性防菌型中心静脉采血器的临床应用价值。方法随机选取50例患者,中心静脉采血采用一次性防菌型中心静脉采血器进行（观察组）,外周静脉采血采用一次性真空静脉采血器进行（对照组）,比较两组的一次性采血成功率、化验结果与并发症情况。结果观察组一次性采血成功率达98%,显著优于对照组（84%）（P＜0.05）;观察组化验结果较对照组无显著性差异（P＞0.05）;观察组血液标本行血培养证实样本中无菌生长;观察组患者无并发症发生,显著优于对照组（10%）,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论一次性防菌型中心静脉采血器具有安全、有效的特点,值得临床推广。     

智能采血记录仪的研制

智能采血记录仪是专为采供血机构(血站)采集捐献者血液研制的专用计量记录仪器.具有自动化、信息化功能,可对采血流程起到监控作用,并能以独创的"血流图技术"再现采血全过程.该设备控制精度高,应用软件设计灵活,适应性强.适合在各级各类采供血机构推广应用.     

新生儿2种采血方法的比较

目的通过对新生儿桡动脉采血与传统股静脉采血的效果比较，探索一种简便、安全，快捷、有效的采血方法。方法对我院2010年1月至12月需要采集血液标本的新生儿随机行桡动脉和股静脉采血，比较一针穿刺成功率，哭闹时间及其局部感染率。结果桡动脉组一针穿刺成功率，哭闹时间、局部感染率均优于股静脉组。结论新生儿桡动脉采血方法一针穿刺成功率高，操作时间短，是一种有效的采血方法。     

头皮针用于新生儿动静脉穿刺采血的体会

动静脉穿刺采血是护士常见的、最基本的护理操作技术之一。但是，采血能否成功，将会直接影响化验结果和诊断、治疗的准确性。尤其是新生儿血管细小，在处置时患儿活动不受约束，加之新生儿的皮肤和皮下组织菲薄，常用的股部穿刺技术难度大，往往失败于采血过程中的针头固定上；且股部穿刺采血也易损伤股神经。后来又开展了后囟技术，此种方法采血成功率虽很高，但由于部位特殊，采血结束针孔压迫止血困难，经长期临床观察，处置后并发症很多，如患儿颅内出血。     

Blood transfusion and spread of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) may be transmissible by blood. To prevent secondary transmission through blood components, several countries have started to exclude as donors persons who have received a blood transfusion. We investigated the effectiveness of this measure by using a dynamic age-structured model. It is the first such model based on epidemiologic data: 1) blood donor activities, 2) a case-control study on CJD, 3) age distribution of recipients, and 4) death of recipients of blood transfusions. The model predicts that an infection like vCJD, which has been introduced into the population by the alimentary route, could not become endemic by transfusion alone and that only <1% of cases would be avoided by excluding from blood donation those persons who have received a transfusion.     

The estimation of the influence of pattern of consumption on the possibility of blood donation by repeated blood donors

The aim of this study was to compare the diets of repeated blood donors, qualified to and disqualifiedfrom a blood donation during the course of this study, and to evaluate the impact of the diet and nutritional status on the capability of repeated donors to donate blood. The study was carried out during the autumn of 2009 in Szczecin on a group of 40 repeated blood donors who volunteered for another donation to the Regional Centre for Blood Donation and Blood Treatment (RCKiK). Analysis of the results revealed that the diet of the studied donors was inappropriate; however the men qualified without contraindications to donation consumed more nutrients involved in haematopoesis in the diet (B-group vitamins and iron), compared to men who were not allowed to donate blood. It can therefore be presumed that temporal contraindications preventing subjects from blood donations may have resulted from a poorly balanced diet. The results of this study imply that blood donors should be educated by the RCKiK as to the principles of proper nutrition, so that they would be able to compose a diet which would compensate for nutrient depletions in the body due to multiple blood donations.     

Clinical relationships tested by iatrogenicity: the case of haemophiliac patients faced with the epidemic of transfusional AIDS

After being victims of a serious iatrogenous damage, what kind of relationship can patients rebuild with the world of medicine? In this article, I examine this question in terms of the contaminated blood affair in France. Using a qualitative study of haemophiliac patients and their families as a base, I looked at the changes in their modes of commitment to medicine, from the period preceding contamination with AIDS through blood transfusion, until the present day. It would seem that the experience of iatrogenous injustice was at the root of a major reconfiguration: all of the patients looked back over their trajectories, examined their relationship with the medical world and changed their positions, but without necessarily drawing the same conclusions or taking the same stances. This article looks at the change from relationships essentially based on cooperation to relationships that are more negotiated. It also shows the current diversity in forms of commitment: they are the fruit of critical work, carried out by patients and their families, which reassesses both the cognitive and moral bases of medical legitimacy. The analysis of the reconfiguration of the relationships that haemophiliac patients have had with the medical world in the aftermath of the contaminated blood affair is enlightening in two ways. First of all, the current medical world would appear to be deeply marked by health scandals and the victims have become prime actors. Secondly, the experience of iatrogenicity asks, with especial acuteness, the question of confidence that is at the core of any clinical relationship. It thus has a heuristic value of general scope.     

现代血压测量

本文介绍了各种较为常见的血压测量的原理，对比其优缺点及适用范围，为临床及科研工作者较全面地了解现代血压测量提供参考。     

Blood and brain ethanol concentrations during absorption and distribution in long-sleep and short-sleep mice

It is often assumed that blood ethanol content accurately reflects brain ethanol content. In previous studies we have found that at the time of regaining the righting response blood and brain ethanol levels were identical, and blood ethanol could be used to predict brain ethanol level. It is likely, however that shortly after the administration of ethanol, blood and brain ethanol levels would differ. For this study, venous blood (orbital sinus) and brain ethanol levels were measured in long-sleep and short-sleep mice within the first 30 min following ethanol administration (2.5-6.0 g/kg). Ethanol was administered intraperitoneally or intragastrically. For both lines of mice and for every dose, brain ethanol concentrations were significantly greater (as much as 100 mg/dl) than blood ethanol levels for the first 6 min, and peak blood and brain ethanol levels were reached 4 to 6 min after dosing. Approximately 6 to 10 minutes (depending on dose and line of mouse) was required for blood and brain concentrations to reach equilibrium. At the time of loss of the righting response, brain ethanol levels were significantly higher than blood ethanol levels. These results indicate that within the first 6 min after administration of ethanol, blood ethanol level is not suitable for the assessment of brain ethanol content.     

Recommendations for medical management of adult lead exposure

Research conducted in recent years has increased public health concern about the toxicity of lead at low dose and has supported a reappraisal of the levels of lead exposure that may be safely tolerated in the workplace. In this article, which appears as part of a mini-monograph on adult lead exposure, we summarize a body of published literature that establishes the potential for hypertension, effects on renal function, cognitive dysfunction, and adverse female reproductive outcome in adults with whole-blood lead concentrations < 40 microg/dL. Based on this literature, and our collective experience in evaluating lead-exposed adults, we recommend that individuals be removed from occupational lead exposure if a single blood lead concentration exceeds 30 microg/dL or if two successive blood lead concentrations measured over a 4-week interval are > or = 20 microg/dL. Removal of individuals from lead exposure should be considered to avoid long-term risk to health if exposure control measures over an extended period do not decrease blood lead concentrations to < 10 microg/dL or if selected medical conditions exist that would increase the risk of continued exposure. Recommended medical surveillance for all lead-exposed workers should include quarterly blood lead measurements for individuals with blood lead concentrations between 10 and 19 microg/dL, and semiannual blood lead measurements when sustained blood lead concentrations are < 10 microg/dL. It is advisable for pregnant women to avoid occupational or avocational lead exposure that would result in blood lead concentrations > 5 microg/dL. Chelation may have an adjunctive role in the medical management of highly exposed adults with symptomatic lead intoxication but is not recommended for asymptomatic individuals with low blood lead concentrations.     

高原地区不同海拔正常人血中自由基含量测定及分析

对青藏高原不同海拔高度２４８名正常成人血中氧自由基含量进行测定。结果表明：随着海拔升高，人体血中ＳＯＤ含量降低，ＭＤＡ含量升高，有非常显著差别（Ｐ＜０．０１），提示氧自由基可能参于高原病的发生发展过程，对久居高原人群应该采用自由基清除剂，清除体内过多的自由基，减少对人体损害而预防高原疾病的发生。     

合并糖尿病的外科手术患者护理干预式健康教育模式的研究

目的提高合并糖尿病的外科手术患者健康知识水平和自控行为,帮助病人实现治疗的最佳目标,提高生活质量。方法将348例合并糖尿病的外科手术患者,随机分成2组,分为干预组和对照组,干预组进行干预式健康教育,应用护理程序对入院的合并糖尿病的外科手术患者实施规范的围手术期健康教育;对照组仅进行一般的糖尿病及围手术期知识教育。定期跟踪观察1个半月以上,监测病人心理健康状况改善情况、对糖尿病控制的相关知识、治疗前后4周血糖变化等指标。结果干预组病人健康教育后焦虑、抑郁因素有明显改善(P<0.01);掌握合并糖尿病的外科手术相关知识和技能与对照组相比有极显著差异(P<0.01);自我监测、监护的技巧与技能的掌握程度、自我管理能力、生活质量等方面,干预组与对照组相比有显著差异(P<0.01),治疗后的空腹血糖及餐后2小时血糖值低于对照组,有显著差异(P<0.01);平均住院日与平均住院费用比较有极显著差异(P<0.01)。结论健康教育干预在提高合并糖尿病的外科手术患者的自我监测、监护的技巧与技能的掌握程度、自我管理能力、生活质量等方面,比一般的教育指导有较好效果,能满足住院合并糖尿病的外科手术患者的健康需求,促使患者自觉地采用有利于健康的行为,达到治疗目的,有效提高病人自控能力,增强病人对糖尿病的认识,对控制和稳定血糖有积极意义。     

The use of cell salvage during obstetric procedures: an audit of Scotland's maternity units

BACKGROUND: Concerns about the safety and supply of donor blood mean that clinicians are increasingly looking for alternatives to allogenic blood transfusion. One such alternative is cell salvage. Theoretical concerns about the safety of giving salvaged blood to obstetric patients have so far limited its use in maternity patients, but its use in obstetrics is now growing. AIMS: To determine how many Scottish maternity units use cell salvage and what barriers anaesthetists see to its use in obstetrics. METHODS: A survey was posted to one consultant anaesthetist at each of Scotland's 18 consultant led maternity units. RESULTS: Two out of 18 maternity units in Scotland use cell salvage. Perceived barriers to use include lack of machine, insufficient cases and lack of familiarity with the technology. Only 4/15 anaesthetists saw safety concerns as a barrier to using the technology. CONCLUSION: It would appear that practical issues such as staff training and maintaining familiarity with the technology are greater barriers to the use of cell salvage during obstetric procedures than concerns over safety or financial costs. Although cell salvage would appear to be safe, its use in obstetrics must be accompanied by ongoing audit and detailed data should be collected for each case.