医疗过程质量实时监控系统研究

传统的医疗质量管理主要方法是终末病历检查,数据来自人工提取或二次录入,缺乏准确性和时效性.分析了医疗质量管理的现状与存在的问题,阐述了医疗过程质量实时监控的内容与方法,对实时监控系统的架构和功能进行了设计,并指出了实现医疗质量实时监控需解决的一些关键问题.     

我院医疗质量监控体系的构建

在分析数据挖掘技术的基础上,围绕医疗质量和患者安全管理的目标,结合医院管理需求,对医院信息系统中的数据进行梳理、挖掘,并在必要时对电子病历系统的数据表进行有效的改造,初步构建了一套基于电子病历系统的具有实时监测和预警功能的医疗质量监控体系.整套体系包括危重病例监控、手术及有创操作监控、整体情况监控、中医特色优势应用情况监控4个系统.     

医疗质量管理监控系统的应用

医院在总结信息系统应用经验的基础上,研制开发的医疗质量管理监控软件,实现了对病程的记录、下达医嘱、检验检查报告等实时全方位网上监控,通过一系列网上监控手段,控制和防止各个环节数据质量缺陷的发生,通过有效地加强医疗质量监督管理.     

基于ODM规则引擎的CDS医疗监控平台建设探讨

介绍了南京医科大学第一附属医院通过引入决策引擎工具(CDS),实现智能辅助临床,建设医疗质量监控平台的思路和实践。具体做法是:首先,通过基于规则引擎(ODM),设定监测医疗质量指标相关的规则,实现临床决策支持;其次,结合医院临床数据中心的丰富信息,对实时消息触发规则进行实时监测,对监测结果进行预警、干预、反馈;最后,形成监控闭环管理,完成CDS监控平台建设。CDS医疗监控平台服务于临床和卫生健康管理,辅助医生更好地分析临床数据,为有效控制医疗质量提供了新的解决思路和质量保证。     

利用“军卫一号”工程网络实时监控病历的探讨

目的：探讨医院网络实时监控病历的作用。方法：利用“军卫一号”工程网络实时监控病历,并进行检查、分析和讲评。结果：明显提高了病历质量和医疗质量。结论：实现了病历的科学化、规范化,有利于医院现代化管理。     

医疗环节质量实时控制探讨

医疗质量是医院工作的永恒主题,是医院生存和发展的基础,它涵盖了医疗技术和医疗服务的各个层面,是整个医院发展的决定性因素[l].在医疗质量全程管理过程中,环节质量控制是医疗质量控制的关键,对于医疗质量监控检查住院期间病历书写情况、核心制度执行情况、医患沟通执行情况及依法执业等情况十分重要.通过环节质量实时监控能达到提高医疗质量,保障医疗安全的目的.     

医疗总值班制度的实施和管理效能

近年来医院设置医疗总值班制度,选拔、培养具有临床经验和管理经验的人员担任值班人员,深入临床一线,独立决策、协调和解决问题,配合反馈、整改机制,实现了医疗质量监控实时化、医疗事务管理扁平化、危机管理时限化和医疗服务增值化,有效地提升了医疗服务质量。     

我院加强病案质量控制的实施方法

目的完善住院病案质量实时监控反馈制度,提高病案质量。方法总结分析工作实践经验,提出病案质量控制的实施方法。结果提出了建立健全病案环节质量控制体系、完善住院病案质量实时监控反馈制度、重视出院病案质量检查抓好终末质量管理的具体方法。结论病案质量控制具有健全的环节控制体系和完善的反馈制度,通过不断挖掘质量管理新思维,及时调整质控手段,保证病案质量与医疗服务质量持续性改进。     

探讨医疗保险机构和医疗机构在控制医疗费用中的作用

随着人们医疗保健意识和医疗服务需求层次的不断提高，医疗服务的消费水平也呈上升趋势。因此，控制医疗服务的超前消费，合理使用有限的医疗资源已成为卫生改革的当务之急。对医疗质量和费用的监控管理，除国家宏观政策的管理之外，还必须从规范医疗行为、降低医疗消耗人手，建立医疗保险与定点医疗机构对医疗质量和费用双向科学监控管理，使医保部门能科学化标准化地对费用进行监督和控制；使定点医疗机构能增强对医疗质量和费用的自我监控管理，以科学有效的手段来规范医疗行为、控制和     

利用医院信息系统实时监控医疗质量的探讨

[摘要] 目的 评价医院信息系统实时监控医疗质量的效果。方法 专人监控病历完成、查房、临床用药等相关十二项医疗质量指标情况。结果 监控3个月,入院记录完成、主治医师和高级职称医师查房实际发生率和十二项指标实际总发生率高于监控前（P<0.05）;监控6个月,入院记录完成、高级职称医师查房、贵重药品使用合理实际发生率和十二项指标实际总发生率高于监控3个月（P<0.05）。结论 利用医院信息系统实时监控医疗质量,提高了医疗质量。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.