基于区域卫生信息平台的实践与思考

在区域卫生信息平台大数据资源的基础上,将分散在各业务系统中的数据进行整合、分析,利用数据仓库和数据挖掘技术开发各类应用,从而为管理者、医务人员及居民提供一个信息化、智能化的管理与服务平台。     

基于区域卫生信息平台的实践与思考简

在区域卫生信息平台大数据资源的基础上,将分散在各业务系统中的数据进行整合、分析,利用数据仓库和数据挖掘技术开发各类应用,从而为管理者、医务人员及居民提供一个信息化、智能化的管理与服务平台。     

数据整合技术在军队卫生信息管理中的应用

依托数据仓库技术,实现卫生数据整合,构建面向总部、军区两级的卫生管理数据平台。在对海量卫生统计数据的计算机技术处理、规范完善卫生统计上报制度、提高机关工作管理水平等方面进行了探索尝试。     

数据挖掘技术在医院管理中的应用

数据挖掘技术可为医院管理者提供更高层次的数据分析功能，为医院制定竞争策略提供有力的技术支持。作者明确了数据挖掘中的数据抽取、分类发现、聚类及关联规则等4项任务，介绍了数据挖掘的常用方法，指出数据挖掘技术在医疗质量管理、门急诊管理、病区管理、医院资源配置及跃院经济管理中具有广泛的应用性，提出随着信息技术广泛而深入的应用，医院管理水平将得到显著地提高。     

医院信息化技术在卫生经济管理中的作用

信息化技术是医院加强卫生经济管理研究,提高卫生经济管理水平的重要手段。利用信息化技术,可以保障网络数据的真实性与准确性,更充分利用网络数据,搭建统一数据平台,为医院的卫生经济管理提供权威、丰富、高效的决策支持数据,为医院发展打下良好基础。     

数据挖掘在口岸卫生检验检疫中的应用分析

数据挖掘是利用各种分析工具在海量数据中发现模型和数据间关系的过程。本文阐述了数据的主要任务、方法、步骤和挖掘工具,对在口岸卫生检验检疫管理中的数据挖掘应用进行了研究和探讨。     

北京医院信息管理系统智能化综合数据分析功能及实现

本文以建立北京医院信息数据整合及综合分析系统的实际工程项目为背景,在综合分析其所面临的海量数据基础上,依据医院管理信息需求提出了对北京医院现有信息管理系统进行数据挖掘的思路;采用数据联邦及数据ETCL技术提供安全实时的数据整合及数据ETCL解决方案。利用0racle数据库管理和开发工具开发了综合数据分析系统。本文主要介绍了该系统中的两大重要模块,即综合分析模块和医疗质量监管模块。在综合分析功能方面,实现了综合数据分析系统的业务数据整合与构建,可以以灵活多样的方式展示医疗业务数据;在医疗质量监管功能方面,实现了医疗质量管理的数据采集、分析及预警系统,可以实现病人费用追踪、医疗质量管理和特殊用药监控的功能。文中重点从方法、架构和开发等层次,对如何在数据整合和新功能开发方面的相关内容进行了阐释。结果表明。采用先进的数据挖掘技术进行数据整合,可以解决目前医院“信息孤岛”的问题;将此系统应用于实际应用,取得了较好的结果。同时表明由于系统和业务的复杂性,有许多功能还需要不断完善,这是在今后的工作中需要继续研究的问题。     

军队区域疾病监控及军人健康监控平台建设

以军民区域协同医疗服务系统为基础,应用数据挖掘技术构建基于数据元、数据集标准的疾病监测和健康监控相关主题指标库,最终建立军队区域内疾病监控、军人健康监控和健康服务平台,促进了军队卫生管理、官兵健康水平和部队战斗力的提高。     

慢性病大数据分析平台设计

大数据信息化战略为慢性病管理分析提供了新的思路。本文概述医疗大数据应用现状,详细阐述了慢性病大数据平台的设计思路以及实现方法。旨在通过数据挖掘技术与统计分析方法结合,为卫生主管部门更加及时、准确、全面推动慢性病防控的工作提供参考依据。     

基于数据挖掘的艾滋病综合防治居民健康档案管理信息系统设计与实现

目的 提高居民艾滋病综合防治水平,动态监测居民艾滋病防治信息,实现与其他信息管理系统的互联互通、资源共享,方便数据挖掘.方法 根据《国家基本公共卫生服务规范》及《艾滋病疫情信息报告管理规范》等文件规定要求,结合艾滋病防治工作,采用B/S结构,SSH框架,ORACLE10.0数据库,基于数据挖掘技术建立数据库,开发居民健康档案信息管理系统.结果 基于数据挖掘技术,开发了居民健康档案信息管理系统.结论 建立艾滋病综合防治新型电子健康档案,完成4个项目县2 365 680人基本信息数据资料的建档工作,除对数据进行基本统计分析外,将数据导出后采用决策树、关联规则、神经网络等挖掘技术对数据进行分析,取得了较好效果.将信息网络覆盖到4个项目地区的卫生行政部门及县、乡、村3级艾滋病防治机构,并使系统正常运行,实现了对居民艾滋病防治信息健康的动态管理.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.