曲安奈德经皮渗透特性研究

目的评价曲安奈德经皮渗透的特性。方法采用Franz扩散池法,考察药物经完整皮肤和去角质层皮肤的体外透皮能力,并采用了胶带剥离、皮肤萃取法分别获取了皮肤角质层、去角质层皮肤样本,用HPLC法测定了样本中的药物含量,考察曲安奈德在皮肤不同层的分布情况。结果曲安奈德的24 h透过量去角质层皮肤约为完整皮肤的1.6倍;8 h透皮实验,高、中、低3个浓度角质层中药物含量基本相同,真皮层则存在浓度依赖现象。结论角质层是曲安奈德的透皮吸收重要屏障,但角质层对药物的储留有饱和现象,临床上应用时需特别关注。     

脂质体透皮给药研究进展

对脂质体与表皮角质层的作用作了综述。脂质体能增加角质层的含水量及水合作用，并与角质细胞间的脂质结合，可以削弱表皮角质层的屏障功能，促进透皮吸收。     

粉末生药的研究—菌类生药中的结晶

生药组织中大多示有偏光性,利用其偏光性,可判断生药的品质并容易检出处方中的粉末生药,它成为检别生药的一个特征。但在看不见(暗视野)的场合下,许多生药就难以被识别,为此作者用D1CM(微分干涉显微镜)、SEM(扫描电子显微镜)及EDX(能量弥散式x-射线分析装置)对部分菌类生药所含结晶进行了测试研究。将生药分别制成5mm~2的切片,用     

角质层及其类脂对5-氟脲嘧啶经皮渗透的作用

采用离体皮肤扩散等技术研究了5-Fu在人皮肤各层次中的渗透性质和1,8-CN对药物渗透及皮肤热转变的影响。实验表明5-Fu在皮肤各层次中有相近分配系数,但扩散性质不同。角质层、全皮层、脱脂角质层和去角质层全皮扩散系数依次为1.32×10^-7,1.01×10^-7,1.37×10^-6和54.09×10^-6cm²/h。用1,8-CN处理上述皮肤样品12h后,5-Fu在各组织的分配均减少,角质层和全皮的通透性显著增加(P<0.05),对去脂角质层和去角质层全皮的通透性无明显影响。结合DSC分析证明,角质层是5-Fu经皮渗透的重要屏障,类脂对5-Fu的扩散和1,8-CN的增效具重要意义。     

蛇床子素在人皮肤角质层和去角质层皮肤中的分布测定

目的：研究抗银屑病蛇床子素贴剂经皮渗透后蛇床子素在人皮肤角质层和去角质层皮肤中的分布。方法：采用了胶带剥离、皮肤萃取法分别获取了人皮肤角质层、去角质层皮肤样本，用HPLC法测定了样本中的蛇床子素含量。结果：蛇床子素在人皮肤角质层的滞留量远大于去角质层皮肤的量。结论：蛇床子素在人皮肤内的滞留量与贴剂使用的时间呈线性，药物可以缓慢地扩散到皮肤的更深层而产生缓释效果。     

玉屏风生药颗粒的制备工艺优选与质量控制

目的:对玉屏风生药颗粒、生药饮片汤剂和免煎颗粒剂进行质量研究,以获得优良的玉屏风制剂.方法:采用正交试验法优选玉屏风生药颗粒的制备工艺,以玉屏风方剂中的黄芪甲苷含量为质量指标,采用薄层分析-紫外分光光度法,对几种剂型的煎出率进行比较.结果:优选出玉屏风生药颗粒粒度为5目;3种汤剂中,生药颗粒煎出率最高,是饮片的1.19倍,是免煎剂的2.39倍;黄芪甲苷含量也以生药颗粒为最高,是饮片的1.63倍,是免煎剂的3.06倍.结论:玉屏风生药颗粒制备简便,质量可控.     

生药分析

对于生药的评价,自古以来一直重视形态观察,对粉末生药尤以显微镜检查为主,至今此法仍不失其价值。但是,生药的药效是来源于其成分,所以,对生药的评价亦应以成分为基础。而且,近来,在化学成分的定性、定量方面,各种微量分离法和物理分析手段迅速发展,这就必然导致采用这些方法定量检定生药效价。生药分析与一般的药品分析法不同,必须     

中药山豆根的形态组织学研究

对目前国内作山豆根用的9种不同植物来源的生药进行了形态组织学的比较研究,观察并描述了它们的生药性状和组织构造,并列出了生药的分种检索表。     

藤茶叶的扫描电镜鉴别研究

目的为准确鉴别药用藤茶的来源提供依据.方法对藤茶主要药用部位叶及叶柄进行了扫描电镜研究.结果叶上表面角质层厚、多非腺毛,下表面角质层纹理沿细胞壁方向延伸,叶横切面可见大型分泌腔,叶柄表面有稀疏非腺毛及细纵纹.结论电镜方法快速准确,尤以角质层纹理、表面非腺毛的鉴别特征特异性强.     

叶表面角质层对草珊瑚生药鉴定的意义

本文用扫描电镜对草珊瑚Sarcandra glabra(Thunb.)Nakai叶表角质层进行了研究,发现不同产地和同株不同发育程度草珊瑚叶表角质层雕纹型式均有一些差异。     

砂仁真菌病害的鉴定

砂仁(Amomum villosum Lour.)为著名南药,生产上有多种病害,以叶斑病为害严重而影响产量。作者1985年、1986年,在砂仁的重要产地阳春、封开等县进行了调查,认为目前主要有五种真菌病害:其中炭疽病两种:幼苗炭疽病为姜刺盘孢(Colletotrichum zingiberis(Sundar.)Butler et Bisby),成株炭疽病为盘长孢状刺盘抱(Colletotrichumgloeosporioides Penz.);果腐病两种,多数为茄丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn.),少数为镰刀菌(Fusaium sp.)引起;最影响生产的是叶斑病,其病原菌砂仁节梨孢(Gona-topyricularia amomi Z.D.Jiang et P.K.Chi)是个新属新种。本文较详细地描述了五大病害的症状及其病原菌的形态,并报道了各病菌的致病性测定结果。     

Isolation and chemistry of the alkaloids from plants of the Papaveraceae, LXXXI Glauca - a new section of the genus Papaver

On the basis of alkaloidal, morphological and chromosomal studies, the section MECONES B ERNH. (Syn.: PAPAVER L., sect. PAPAVER) has been subdivided into two sections. Thus the new section GLAUCA J. N OVAK includes the species PAPAVER GLAUCUM B OISS. et H AUSSKN., P. GRACILE A UCH. and P. DECAISNEI H OCHST. et S TEUD., whereas the section MECONES B ERNH. only the species P. SOMNIFERUM L. and P. SETIGERUM DC. The major alkaloids of the species of the section MECONES are the morphinane alkaloids morphine and codeine, whereas those of the section GLAUCA the rhoeadine and the papaverrubines. The section MECONES has the basic chromosome number x = 11, and the section GLAUCA x = 7. The basic chromosome numbers have been correlated with the morphological features.     

中药洋金花原植物的鉴定

洋金花是茄科(Solanaceae)曼陀罗属(Datura)植物的花,干燥而成的一种中药,本经不载,古籍中亦未见提到,李时珍的本草纲目最先记载,称为曼陀罗花,别名风茄儿、山茄子,姚伯声花品中称为恶客。据李时珍释名,曼陀罗系梵语杂色之意,花名曼陀罗是因"法华经言佛说法时天雨曼陀罗花,又道家北斗有陀罗星使者,手执此花,故后人因以名花",所以曼陀罗花一名是由印度起源的,这与学名 Datura 的来源是一致的。Datura 一字,是印度土名的拼音,其后的书籍都从李时珍而叫曼陀罗花。洋     

The plant origins of herbal medicines and their quality evaluation

The caulis (stem and leaf) of Trachelospermum jasminoides (Lindl.) Lem. (Apocynaceae) is listed as the plant origin of Luoshiteng in the Chinese Pharmacopeia. However, preparations from the caulis of Ficus pumila L. (Moraceae) or Psychotria serpens L. (Rubiaceae) are distributed on the Chinese market. The fruit of Forsythia suspensa Vahl (Oleaceae) is listed as the plant origin of Forsythia Fruit in the Chinese Pharmacopeia, although the fruits of two Forsythia species, F. suspensa and F. viridissima Lindley, are listed as the plant origins in the Japanese Pharmacopeia, and fruits of three Forsythia species, F. viridissima, F. koreana Nakai, and F. suspensa, are listed in the Korean Pharmacopeia. The whole plant of Plantago asiatica L. (Plantaginaceae) is listed as the plant origin of Plantago Herb in the Japanese Phamacopeia, but the whole plants of two Plantago species, P. asiatica and P. depressa Wild, are listed as the plant origins in the Chinese Pharmacopeia. The leaves of two Plantago species, P. lanceolata L. and P. major L., are distributed as Plantain on the European market. Each of these herbal medicines is reviewed based on the differences in plant origins and their quality evaluation from the viewpoints of the morphological properties, chemical components, and biological activities, respectively.     

广东鸡蛋果真菌病害调查初报

1989～1990年,对广州、惠州二市的鸡蛋果(Passiflora (?)is Sims)病害进行了调查,共鉴定10种病原真菌,包括2个新种:Phomopsis passiflorae J.F.Lu et P.K.Chi,引起果腐,及My-cosp(?)hella Passiflorae J.F.Lu et P.K.Chi,引起叶斑;1个新组合:sphoeropsis Passifloricola(Grove)J.F.Lu et P.K.Chi亦引起叶斑;2个国内新纪录:A(?)(?)(?)及Phommopsisterso(Sacc.)Sutton.但生产上为害最严重的是:Nectria haematocooca Berk.et Br.引起的茎基腐病及Ph(?) (?) VAr.p(?) (Dast.)Watern.引起的疫病,它们与病毒引起的花叶病是鸡蛋果生产中的三大病害。 新种及新组合的标本存华南农业大学植保系标本室。     

New Sesquiterpenoids from the Rhizomes of <i>Petasites japonicus</i> M<small>AXIM</small>. and the Roots of <i>Ligularia dentata</i> H<small>ARA</small>

Over the past twenty years, our research group has been involved in the phytochemical study of terpenoids from Compositae plants. From seven species, namely, Erigeron annuus (L.) PERS., Erigeron philadelphicus L., Erigeron sumatrensis RETZ., Ligularia dentata HARA, Ligularia stenocephala MATSUM. et KOIDZ., Petasites japonicus MAXIM., and Tussilago farfara L., we isolated 83 new compounds. In this review, structural features of 19 eremophilane-type sesquiterpenoids from rhizomes of P. japonicus and 9 bisabolane-type sesquiterpenoids from roots of L. dentata are discussed.     

Pharmacognostic Studies on Datura metel Linnaeus the Anatomy of the Leaf

Abstract

Histologically Datura metel L. is readily distinguished from other cogeneric drug species by its smooth cuticle, basal width of covering trichome (measuring up to 34 μ), presence of stomata on both upper and lower leaf epidermides, non-warty stalk of glandular trichomes, collapsed stomata on leaf epidermis. Figures of quantitative microscopy are reported. Histological characters used to complement morphological ones enable one to identify drug in entire or powdered form.     

海风藤的原植物——腺鳞蒟与山药的比较研究

本文对模式产地的山药Piper haneei Maxim, var, hancei Maxim,和腺鳞蒟P. kancei Maxim var. squamiglanduferum Fan var. nov.进行了原植物形态特征和花序轴、花序梗、茎、叶的显微特征以及化学成分的TLC及UV比较。挥发油的GC—MS研究共鉴定出38个成分,其中28个是胡椒属植物中首次报道的成分。结果证明了在福建长期以来被认为是山药的腺鳞蒟与模式产地的山药有较大差别,尤其是腺鳞蒟叶上表面有腺鳞,是迄今为止第1个发现具有腺鳞的胡椒属植物。据此把腺鳞蒟作为新变种从山药中分出。腺鳞药是福建南部海风藤主要来源之一。     

Comparative study of three Plumbago L. species (Plumbaginaceae) by microscopy, UPLC-UV and HPTLC

This paper presents a comparative study of anatomy of leaves, stems and roots of three species of Plumbago, namely P. auriculata Lam., P. indica L. and P. zeylanica L. by light microscopy. The paper also provides qualitative and quantitative analysis of the naphthoquinone, plumbagin—a major constituent present in these species—using UPLC-UV. Microscopic examinations revealed the presence of distinctive differences in the anatomical features of the leaf, stem and root of the three species, and these can thus be used for identification and authentication of these species. UPLC-UV analysis showed the highest concentration of plumbagin in the roots of P. zeylanica (1.62 % w/w) followed by the roots of P. indica (0.97 % w/w) and then P. auriculata (0.33–0.53 % w/w). In contrast, plumbagin was not detected in the stems and leaves of P. indica and in the leaves of P. auriculata, whereas very low concentrations (<0.02 % w/w) of plumbagin were detected in the stems and leaves of P. zeylanica and in the stems of P. auriculata. HPTLC fingerprints of the leaf and root of the three species exhibited distinguishable profiles, while those of the stems were undifferentiated.     

药用植物水仙的品种鉴定

作者将采自上海、崇明、杭州及漳州等地的各种俗称水仙花的鳞茎引种栽培后,进行了原植物的学名鉴定,描述了它们的植物形态。文中附有种检索表及照片。