自体与γ射线照射和非照射异体骨-髌腱-骨重建前十字韧带的比较研究

目的 比较自体与γ射线照射和非照射异体骨-髌腱-骨(bone patellar tendon bone,B-PT-B)重建膝关节前十字韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)的临床疗效.方法 107例ACL断裂患者随机分为三组:36例采用自体B-PT-B(自体组),36例采用深低温冷冻保存异体B-PT-B(异体组),35例采用γ射线照射深低温冷冻保存异体B-PT-B(γ射线组).由同一术者采用标准关节镜技术完成ACL重建.结果 自体组(36例)平均随访39.5个月、异体组(34例)36.3个月、γ射线组(33例)37.6个月.(1)自体组术中髌骨骨折1例、术后膝前痛2例,异体组出现迟发感染1例.自体组手术时间较异体组、γ射线组长,术后发热天数较异体组、γ射线组短.(2)自体组、异体组轴移试验、Lachman试验或前抽屉试验及KT-2000检测结果 的差异无统计学意义,与γ射线组比较差异均有统计学意义.γ射线组ACL重建失败率(36%)高于自体组(8%)、异体组(9%).三组Daniel单腿水平跳跃试验、IKDC评分及Lysholm-Tegner运动水平评分的差异无统计学意义.结论 深低温冷冻异体与自体B-PT-B重建ACL短期疗效接近.经γ射线照射后异体B-PT-B重建ACL的膝关节前后及旋转稳定性均降低.     

自体与γ射线照射和非照射异体骨-髌腱-骨重建前十字韧带的比较研究

目的 比较自体与γ射线照射和非照射异体骨-髌腱-骨(bone patellar tendon bone,B-PT-B)重建膝关节前十字韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)的临床疗效.方法 107例ACL断裂患者随机分为三组:36例采用自体B-PT-B(自体组),36例采用深低温冷冻保存异体B-PT-B(异体组),35例采用γ射线照射深低温冷冻保存异体B-PT-B(γ射线组).由同一术者采用标准关节镜技术完成ACL重建.结果 自体组(36例)平均随访39.5个月、异体组(34例)36.3个月、γ射线组(33例)37.6个月.(1)自体组术中髌骨骨折1例、术后膝前痛2例,异体组出现迟发感染1例.自体组手术时间较异体组、γ射线组长,术后发热天数较异体组、γ射线组短.(2)自体组、异体组轴移试验、Lachman试验或前抽屉试验及KT-2000检测结果 的差异无统计学意义,与γ射线组比较差异均有统计学意义.γ射线组ACL重建失败率(36%)高于自体组(8%)、异体组(9%).三组Daniel单腿水平跳跃试验、IKDC评分及Lysholm-Tegner运动水平评分的差异无统计学意义.结论 深低温冷冻异体与自体B-PT-B重建ACL短期疗效接近.经γ射线照射后异体B-PT-B重建ACL的膝关节前后及旋转稳定性均降低.     

Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with doubled semitendinosus and gracilis tendons and lateral extra-articular reconstruction

BACKGROUND: The outcome of revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction has only rarely been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of revision anterior cruciate ligament surgery with use of an autogenous doubled semitendinosus and gracilis graft in association with an extra-articular procedure. METHODS: Between 1997 and 2003, thirty patients underwent a repeat reconstruction of a previously reconstructed torn anterior cruciate ligament with use of a doubled semitendinosus and gracilis graft combined with an extra-articular reconstruction. Primary reconstruction had been done with an autogenous patellar tendon graft in twenty-six patients and with a prosthetic ligament in four patients; the average time from the primary reconstruction to the revision was five years. Functional outcomes, graft survival, and radiographic outcomes were evaluated at a mean of five years. A graft was considered to have failed when a revision was done or when the side-to-side difference on KT-1000 arthrometer testing was >5 mm and/or the pivot-shift test grade was greater than a trace. RESULTS: One patient underwent another revision reconstruction because of graft failure at three years postoperatively. The mean International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective knee score for the remaining twenty-nine patients was 84 +/- 12 points, and the mean Lysholm knee score was 90 +/- 10 points. The side-to-side difference as measured with the KT-1000 arthrometer with maximum manual force was <3 mm in twenty patients (of the twenty-eight who returned for follow-up), between 3 and 5 mm in six patients, and >5 mm in two patients. The result of the pivot shift examination was normal in fifteen patients, slightly positive in eleven patients, and positive in two patients. Twenty-five percent of the patients showed no radiographic signs of degenerative joint disease. CONCLUSIONS: Revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with use of an autogenous doubled semitendinosus and gracilis graft combined with an extra-articular procedure provided satisfactory functional outcomes, with a failure rate of 10%.     

Endoscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with an ipsilateral patellar tendon autograft. A prospective longitudinal five-year study

A total of 90 patients with an isolated rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) had a reconstruction using the ipsilateral patellar tendon secured with round-headed cannulated interference screws. Annual review for five years showed three failures of the graft (two traumatic and one atraumatic); none occurred after two years. Ten patients sustained a rupture of the contralateral ACL. At five years, 69% of those with surviving grafts continued to participate in moderate to strenuous activity. Using the International Knee Documentation Committee assessment, 90% reported their knee as being normal or nearly normal and had a median Lysholm knee score of 96 (64 to 100). Most patients (98%) had a pivot shift of grade 0 with the remaining 2% being grade 1; 90% of the group had a Lachman test of grade 0. The incidence of subsequent meniscectomy was similar in the reconstructed joint to that in the contralateral knee. Radiological examination was normal in 63 of 65 patients. Our study supports the view that reconstruction of the ACL is a reliable technique allowing full rehabilitation of the previously injured knee. In the presence of normal menisci there is a low incidence of osteoarthritic change despite continued participation in sporting activity.     

Flipped patellar tendon autograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

To determine the efficacy of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft that customizes length and facilitates anatomic outlet fixation, a prospective study of the "flipped" patellar tendon autograft ACL reconstruction began in 1995. This technique shortens the tendon portion to match the intra-articular length by rotating 1 bone plug 180 degrees proximally onto the tendon, thus flipping the bone plug over its ligamentous insertion. Bioscrews (poly L-lactic acid; Linvatec, Largo, FL) secured the grafts. All patients undergoing this procedure with a minimum 21 months follow-up were reviewed. Preoperative and postoperative Tegner, Lysholm, and IKDC activity scores, and Lachman and pivot shift tests were obtained. Postoperative KT testing and radiographs were obtained. Fifty patients were followed-up for an average of 28 months (range, 21 to 39 months). Average patient age was 34 years (range, 16 to 52 years). Tegner scores increased from 2.0 preoperatively to 6.0 postoperatively. Lysholm scores increased from 46 preoperatively to 93 at follow-up, with 86% excellent (66%) or good (20%). IKDC activity scores increased from 3.1 preoperatively to 1.7 postoperatively. KT manual-maximum difference at follow-up averaged 0.7 mm, with 74% less than 3-mm, 18% 3- to 5-mm, and 8% greater than 5-mm difference. Postoperative Lachman results were 0 in 45 patients and 1+ in 5 patients. Postoperative pivot shift was absent in all but 1 patient. Full extension was achieved in all cases and flexion averaged 136 degrees with no patient having less than 120 degrees flexion. No lytic bone changes or tunnel widening were seen. The flipped patellar tendon autograft reduces graft length to its intra-articular portion, increasing graft stability, isometry, and stiffness, and avoiding tunnel graft mismatch with clinically excellent results.     

单隧道异体肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗髌骨不稳——12例临床报告

目的探讨单隧道同种异体肌腱移植重建内侧髌股韧带（MPFL）治疗髌骨不稳的手术技巧及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年6月至2012年1月广州军区广州总医院采用膝关节镜监视下单隧道异体肌腱移植重建MPFL的12例（15膝）髌骨不稳患者的临床资料,评估患者术前和末次随访时Kujala评分、Lysholm评分等指标。结果术后随访时间3～21个月（平均12.3个月）。患者术前和末次随访时Kujala评分为（71.5±5.1）分和（93.2±2.4）分,两者比较,差异有统计学意义（t=-12.659,P=0.004）;Lysholm评分为（70.2±6.0）分和（94.4±1.8）分,两者比较,差异有统计学意义（t=-12.286,P=0.013）。结论膝关节镜监视下单隧道同种异体肌腱移植重建MPFL是一种治疗髌骨不稳的有效方法,对维持髌骨稳定有重要作用,但远期效果需进一步观察。     

关节镜下双束重建内侧髌股韧带联合半髌韧带内移治疗骨骺未闭合青少年复发性髌骨脱位

目的探讨关节镜下自体半腓骨长肌腱双束重建内侧髌股韧带联合半髌韧带内移手术治疗骨骺未闭合青少年复发性髌骨脱位的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2016-07—2018-09诊治的20例骨骺未闭合且胫骨结节-股骨滑车沟间距>20 mm的青少年复发性髌骨脱位,在关节镜下采用自体半腓骨长肌腱经大收肌肌腱止点悬吊双束重建内侧髌股韧带联合半髌韧带内移手术治疗。结果 20例均获得随访,随访时间平均21.2(12~36)个月。所有患者术后复查均未再发生髌骨脱位或半脱位,膝关节功能恢复满意。末次随访时髌股适合角为(-1.79±3.26)°,髌骨倾斜角为(11.11±1.08)°,较术前明显减小;末次随访时膝关节功能Lysholm评分为(94.60±2.58)分,髌股关节功能Kujala评分为(91.05±2.33)分,较术前明显提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对于骨骺未闭合且胫骨结节-股骨滑车沟间距>20 mm的青少年复发性髌骨脱位患者,关节镜下采用自体半腓骨长肌腱双束重建内侧髌股韧带联合半髌韧带内移手术治疗可获得稳定的髌骨滑动轨迹,髌骨脱位矫正良好。     

A comparison of quadruple semitendinosus and patellar tendon grafts in reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament

In a two-centre study, 164 patients with unilateral instability of the anterior cruciate ligament were prospectively randomised to arthroscopic reconstruction with either a patellar tendon graft using interference screw fixation or a quadruple semitendinosus graft using an endobutton fixation technique. The same postoperative rehabilitation protocol was used for all patients and follow-up at a median of 31 months (24 to 59) was carried out by independent observers. Four patients (2%) were lost to follow-up. No significant differences were found between the groups regarding the Stryker laxity test, one-leg hop test, Tegner activity level, Lysholm score, patellofemoral pain score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score or visual analogue scale, reflecting patient satisfaction and knee function. Slightly decreased extension, compared with the non-operated side, was found in the patellar tendon group (p < 0.05). Patients with associated meniscal injuries had lower IKDC, visual analogue (p < 0.01) and Lysholm scores (p < 0.05) than those without such injuries. Patients in whom reconstruction had been carried out less than five months after the injury had better final IKDC scores than the more chronic cases (p < 0.05). We conclude that patellar tendon and quadruple semitendinous tendon grafts have similar outcomes in the medium term. Associated meniscal pathology significantly affects the final outcome and early reconstruction seems to be beneficial.     

Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in patellar instability

Background:

Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) is one of the major static medial stabilising structures of the patella. MPFL is most often damaged in patients with patellar instability. Reconstruction of MPFL is becoming a common surgical procedure in treating patellar instability. We hypothesised that MPFL reconstruction was adequate to treat patients with patellar instability if the tibial tubercle and the centre of the trochlear groove (TT-TG) value was less than 20 mm and without a dysplastic trochlea.

Materials and Methods:

30 patients matching our inclusion criteria and operated between April 2009 and May 2011 were included in the study. MPFL reconstruction was performed using gracilis tendon fixed with endobutton on the patellar side and bio absorbable interference screw or staple on the femoral side. Patients were followed up with subjective criteria, Kujala score and Lysholm score.

Results:

The mean duration of followup was 25 months (range 14-38 months). The mean preoperative Kujala score was 47.5 and Lysholm score was 44.7. The mean postoperative Kujala score was 87 and Lysholm score was 88.06. None of the patients had redislocation.

Conclusion:

MPFL reconstruction using gracilis tendon gives excellent results in patients with patellar instability with no redislocations. Some patients may have persistence of apprehension.     

Tripled semitendinosus anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with Endobutton fixation: a 2-3-year follow-up study of 35 patients

We evaluated the clinical outcome of tripled semitendinosus tendon ACL reconstruction with femoral Endobutton (Acufex, Smith&Nephew, Andover, MA) and tibial Suture Washer (Acufex, Smith&Nephew, Andover, MA) (n 29) or post screw fixation (n 6) in 35 patients on an average of 28 (20-37) months after surgery. On the basis of IKDC criteria, 22 patients showed a normal or nearly normal knee function and 25 patients had a KT 1000 maximal manual side-to-side difference of < or =5 mm at follow-up. Subjectively, 28 patients graded their knee function as normal or nearly normal. The average Lysholm score was 88 points, average OAK score 90 points and average modified HSS score 93 points. 19 patients reached their preinjury level of activity at follow-up. The postoperative Lachman test was < or =1+ in 24 patients and 24 patients also showed an absent pivot shift. Significant bone tunnel enlargement occurred in 26 patients on the femoral side and in 23 patients on the tibial side. We found no correlation between bone tunnel enlargement and clinical outcome. The clinical outcome of tripled semitendinosus tendon ACL reconstruction with Endobutton fixation on the femoral side was not entirely satisfactory. The procedure was associated with a high incidence of bone tunnel enlargement in this series.     

便携式下肢手术支架辅助关节镜下腓骨长肌腱重建前交叉韧带

目的探讨采用便携式下肢手术支架辅助关节镜下腓骨长肌腱重建前交叉韧带的疗效。方法 2008年3月-2010年9月,对22例前交叉韧带损伤患者采用自制便携式下肢手术支架维持患肢体位,取腓骨长肌腱于关节镜下重建前交叉韧带。男15例,女7例;年龄19～64岁,平均33.8岁。致伤原因:交通事故伤14例,运动伤5例,摔伤3例。左膝10例,右膝12例。新鲜损伤12例,陈旧性损伤10例。前抽屉试验阳性17例,轴移试验阳性19例,Lachman试验阳性20例。术前根据国际膝关节文献委员会(IKDC)分级评定标准,异常6例,严重异常16例;IKDC主观评分为(57.64±6.11)分,Lysholm评分为(55.45±4.37)分。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无相关并发症发生。患者术后均获随访,随访时间9～38个月,平均15个月。末次随访时无伸膝受限;屈膝活动度为120～135°,平均127°。前抽屉试验阳性1例,轴移试验阳性1例,Lachman试验阳性2例,未见明显韧带松动及韧带自发断裂等并发症发生。根据IKDC分级评定标准:正常10例,接近正常11例,异常1例;IKDC主观评分为(90.44±6.11)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=4.653,P=0.021)。Lysholm评分为(90.12±5.78)分,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=4.231,P=0.028)。结论应用便携式下肢手术支架辅助关节镜下前交叉韧带重建,可节省人力,便于术中操作;采用腓骨长肌腱重建前交叉韧带可以增加腱-骨接触面,有利于腱-骨愈合。     

Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament in females

Purpose: To compare the clinical results of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in female patients using quadruple-looped hamstring autograft versus patellar tendon autograft at minimum 2-year follow-up. Type of Study: Case series. Methods: A prospective clinical review was performed to compare the results of ACL reconstruction with hamstring versus patellar tendon autograft in a group of female patients. Exclusion criteria included chronic injuries (greater than 3 months), associated collateral ligament injuries, Workers’ Compensation or litigation cases, and bilateral anterior cruciate ligament injuries. There were 39 female patients in the hamstring group (average follow-up, 40.9 months) and 37 female patients in the patellar tendon group (average follow-up, 52 months). Both types of grafts were fixed with an EndoButton proximally and with sutures tied over a post or button distally. The postoperative rehabilitation regimen was identical for both groups. Objective parameters evaluated included preinjury and postoperative Tegner and Lysholm scores, side-to-side KT-1000 maximum-manual arthrometer differences, and clinical examination including Lachman and pivot-shift tests. Graft failure was defined by any one of the following: a KT-1000 difference of greater than 5 mm, a 2+ Lachman, a 1+ or greater pivot shift, or revision surgery. Results: The failure rate in the hamstring group was 23% versus 8% in the patellar tendon group, which was not statistically significant (P > .1). Comparison of preinjury Tegner activity scores to postoperative scores revealed that patients in the hamstring group did not return to their preinjury level of activity (preinjury 6.54 v postoperative 5.17) as well as patients in the patellar tendon group (preinjury 6.20 v postoperative 6.59). Patients in the hamstring group had a significant increase in pain compared with the patellar tendon group (P = .034). Conclusions: Although not statistically significant, the hamstring group had more failures, more laxity on clinical examination, and more patients with larger KT-1000 arthrometer differences. These results indicate a trend toward increased graft laxity in female patients undergoing reconstruction with hamstring autograft compared with patellar tendon when evaluated by a single surgeon using similar fixation techniques at short- to medium-range follow-up. More studies with larger patient numbers using current fixation techniques are necessary to confirm these findings.     

Effect of Donor Age on Patellar Tendon Allograft ACL Reconstruction

Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with patellar tendon allograft tissue is a common orthopedic procedure. It is unknown what effect, if any, the donor age has on clinical outcomes. Biomechanical studies have shown the strength of cadaveric patellar tendon to be independent of age, but no clinical studies have evaluated patient outcomes related to this variable. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of allograft donor age on clinical outcomes of patients undergoing allograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with patellar tendon allograft.Case logs were reviewed to identify primary anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with allograft patellar tendon by a single surgeon using a standard endoscopic transtibial technique with interference screw fixation. Revision and multiligamentous surgeries were excluded. Seventy-seven patients who met these criteria were identified. Allografts were fresh-frozen, aseptically harvested patellar tendons from a single tissue bank. The donor age was obtained. Clinical outcomes were obtained by contacting patients by telephone and retrospective chart review. Pre- and postoperative Lysholm and Tegner knee scores were used for comparison.Data from 75 patients with an average follow-up of 24 months were obtained. Average donor age was 44 years (range, 14-65 years), and average patient age was 37 years (range, 18-60 years). Statistical analysis of pre- and postoperative Lysholm scores demonstrated statistically significant improvement (P?.001). Using donor age as a continuous variable, no effect was found on postoperative improvement in Lysholm score or Tegner score (P=.6).     

保留并牵张残留纤维的前十字韧带双束重建术

目的 评估在亚急性期进行保留并牵张残留纤维的前十字韧带双束重建的临床效果.方法 2006年1月至2006年6月,对56例前十字韧带损伤患者在亚急性期进行保留并牵张残留纤维的前十字韧带双束重建.前十字韧带双束重建采用四隧道八股肌腱移植的方法.使用PDS缝线穿缝胫骨侧残留纤维,经深束股骨隧道牵张固定.使用IKDC及Lysholm评分标准评估疗效.结果 53例随访2年以上.末次随访时所有患者Lachman试验均为阴性.屈膝25°KT-1000检测结果显示双侧膝关节松弛度差值为(-0.44±1.53)mm,与术前(8.01±1.83)mm比较差异有统计学意义(t=37.03,P=0.0001).29例(54.7%)双侧膝关节松弛度差值小于0mm,提示患膝相对于健侧更为稳定或紧张.24例(45.3%)双侧膝关节松弛度差值为0～2mm.所有患者轴移试验均阴性.48例膝关节活动度正常,2例有5°屈曲受限,1例有小于5°屈曲受限,2例有5°过伸受限.根据IKDC评估标准,51例(96.2%)正常,2例(3.8%)接近正常.IKDC主观评分为(95.6±3.1)分,Lysholm评分为(94.8±2.9)分.受伤前Tegner评分平均为7.3分,末次随访时为7.1分.结论 根据2年以上随访结果,以IKDC为评估标准,保留并牵张残留纤维的前十字韧带双束重建能够使96.2%的患者恢复正常,3.8%的患者接近正常.     

关节镜下保留残端重建前交叉韧带的临床前瞻性对照研究

目的 前瞻性评估保留残端对于前交叉韧带重建临床疗效的意义.方法 2008年8月至2009年9月共70例有韧带残端存留的前交叉韧带损伤患者入选本研究组,随机分为保留残端组(n=35)和对照组(n=35).分别采取关节镜下保留残端重建前交叉韧带和切除残端的前交叉韧带重建手术技术,移植物均使用同种异体肌腱.术后随访分别进行膝关节功能评分(IKDC分级和Lysholm评分)、客观稳定性评估(Lachman试验、轴移试验和KT-1000测量)、本体感觉功能测量和二次关节镜手术探查.结果 70例患者中共61例(87%)获得随访,平均随访时间13.1个月.两组的功能评分无显著差异:Lysholm评分:保留残端组96.4分,对照组94.9分(P=0.71);IKDC分级中A和B级:保留残端组30例,对照组29例(P=0.586).两组的客观稳定性评估无显著差异:KT-1000测量的侧-侧差值:保留残端组1.69 mm,对照组1.65 mm(P=0.83);Lachman试验阴性例数:保留残端组29例,对照组28例(P=1.00);轴移试验阴性例数:保留残端组31例,对照组27例(P=0.225).本体感觉的角度重复试验结果无显著差异:保留残端组4.56°,对照组4.28°(P=0.522).二次手术探查时发现的移植物滑膜覆盖率无显著差异:保留残端组85%,对照组84.2%.结论 保留残端同时使用异体肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带,对术后膝关节主观功能评分、稳定性和本体感觉和移植物滑膜覆盖程度并无促进作用.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)reconstruction using the remnant-preserved technique.Methods From August 2008 to September 2009,70 cases with the remnant of injured ACL were included in the trials,which were randomized into the remnant preservation(RP)group and the control group,35 cases in each group.All patients in the two groups underwent arthroscopic ACL reconstruction surgeries,with ACL-remnant preserving technique in RP group and ACL-remnant resection in control group,respectively.The injured ACL was reconstructed with allograft in all cases.Postoperative follow-up assessment included the International Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC)grading and Lysholm score,Lachman test,pivot shift test and KT-1000 measurement,proprioception measurements and the arthroscopic second look evaluation.Results Sixty-one(61/70,87%)cases were available for an average of 13.1 months follow-up assessment postoperatively.There were no significant differences between the RP and control group in functional outcome as evaluated with Lysholm score(96.4 vs.94.9,P = 0.71)and IKDC grading(cases with A and B gradings:30 vs.29,P = 0.586).Regarding objective stability,there were no differences between the 2 group in mean side-to-side difference of KT-1000(1.69 mm vs.1.65 mm,P =0.83),Lachman test(negative cases:29 vs.28,P = 1.00)and pivot shift test(negative cases:31 vs.27,P =0.225).There was also no difference between the groups in proprioception evaluation measured with angle repetitive test(4.56°vs.4.28°,P=0.522).During second look arthroscopic examination,the grafts synoveal coverage rates were found to be 85% in the RP group and 84.2% in the control group,without significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusions Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with the remnant preserving technique using tendon allograft do not improve the postoperative knee-joint function scores,stability,proprioception and synovial coverage of grafts.     

游离半腱肌腱髌旁锚钉固定加强膝内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的 探讨游离半腱肌腱髌旁锚钉固定加强膝内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位的疗效.方法 1999年3月至2008年1月共收治57例复发性髌骨脱位患者,男19例,女38例;年龄17～29岁,平均24.3岁;首次脱位至手术时间为1～4年,平均2.6年.行髌内侧支持带和髌股韧带修补手术15例（A组）,经髌骨骨隧道自体游离半腱肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带19例（B组）,自体游离半腱肌腱髌旁锚钉固定加强膝内侧髌股韧带23例（C组）.术后12个月按照Insall标准和Lysholm评分评价结果,并比较3种术式的疗效.结果 所有患者术后获12～37个月（平均18个月）随访.术前与术后12个月Lysholm评分A组平均分别为（80.3±2.9）、（89.6±3.7）分,B组平均分别为（80.9±3.1）、（94.6±3.4）分,C组平均分别为（81.2±3.9）、（93.6±4.1）分,3组患者术前与术后12个月Lysholm评分比较差异均有统计学意义（P〉0.05）.3组患者之间术前Lysholm评分比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;术后12个月B组与C组Lysholm评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,但均优于A组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.3组患者疗效按Insall标准评定：优良率分别为80.0%、94.7%、95.6%,3组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论 锚钉固定技术加强膝内侧髌股韧带的方式具有手术方式简单、损伤小、髌骨稳定性好、并发症少等优点,是治疗复发性髌骨脱位的一种良好选择.     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: The effect of graft choice on functional outcome in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

A prospective, randomised, 5-year follow-up study was designed to compare the functional results between patellar tendon and hamstring tendon autografts after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Primary reconstruction was performed in 32 patients using the central third of the patellar ligament and in 32 patients using double-looped semitendinosus and gracilis tendons. All reconstructions were performed by a single surgeon, with identical surgical technique and rehabilitation protocol. Of the total 64 patients in the study, 54 (85%) were available for the 5-year follow-up. No statistically significant differences were seen with respect to Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) classification, clinical and KT-2000 arthrometer laxity testing, single-legged hop test and anterior knee pain. Graft rupture occurred in two patients (8%) in the patellar tendon group and in two patients (7%) in the hamstring tendon group; 23 patients (88%) in the patellar tendon group and 23 patients (82%) in the hamstring tendon group returned to their pre-injury activity level. Good subjective outcome and stability can be obtained by using either graft; no statistically significant differences were found in functional outcome between the grafts.     

双束解剖重建内侧髌股韧带联合胫骨结节转移术治疗复发性髌骨脱位的临床研究

目的探讨双束解剖重建内侧髌股韧带联合胫骨结节转移术治疗复发性髌骨脱位的治疗方法及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2006年12月至2010年2月行双束解剖重建内侧髌股韧带联合胫骨结节转移术治疗治疗的19例复发性髌骨脱位患者的临床资料,其中男7例,女12例,术后手法检查髌骨稳定性,记录再脱位的病例数,CT测量髌骨外移度及髌骨倾斜角并以Kujala和Lysholm评分进行膝关节功能评估。结果患者随访时间24—36个月,平均30个月,无再脱位病例。主观症状及客观体征均有明显改善,术后Kujala主观评分、Lysholm评分分别由术前的（57．38±4．49）、（58．88±4．15）分提高到（93．63±3．86）、（94．06±4．01）分,均较术前有统计学差异（t=-37．439,P〈0．01;t=-33．522,P〈0．01）;髌骨外移率及髌骨倾斜度分别由术前的（18．93°±3．64°）、（12．25°±1．81°）降低到（8．94°±1．84°）（6．87°±1．45°）,结果恢复到正常范围均较术前有统计学差异（t=15．811,P〈0．01;t=15．807,P〈0．01）。结论双束解剖重建内侧髌股韧带联合胫骨结节转移术能有效的治疗复发性髌骨脱位,提高膝关节的功能。     

A follow-up study of arthroscopic combined reconstruction of anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments with allograft patellar tendon

Objective： To evaluate the therapeutic effect of combined reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament （ ACL ） and posterior cruciate ligament （ PCL ） simultaneously by using allograft patellar tendon under arthroscopy. Methods： From May 2003 to November 2005, 10 cases of ruptured ACL and PCL were fixated with compressed screws and reconstructed under arthroscopy with allograft patellar tendon simultaneously. The clinical results were evaluated according to IKDC, Lysholm, and Tegner clinical rating scales. Results. All patients were followed up for 12-30 months （mean： 18 months ）. At the last follow-up, there was no knee extension limitation and knee flexion was between 120° and 135°, with an average of 128.38°. The Lysholm score of the 10 cases was 66. 5 ± 5. 6 before operation and 89.8 ± 3.4 at last follow up. The difference was statistically significant （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The average Tegner activity score decreased from 6.9 ± 1.7 （ range ： 4-9 ） before injury to 5.5 ± 1. 6 （rang： 2-9） at the follow-up （P=0.53）. At the end of follow-up, IKDC score was graded as A in 4 cases （40.0 % ）, B in 5 （50.0 % ）, and C in 1 （10.0%）. Of the 10 patients, 8 returned to the same sports level as before injury and 2 were under the level. Conclusion. Arthroscopic combined reconstruction of ACL and PCL with allograft patellar tendon has the advantages of minimal trauma in surgery and reliable satisfactory outcome.     

Tripled semitendinosus anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with Endobutton fixation: A 2-3-year follow-up study of 35 patients

We evaluated the clinical outcome of tripled semitendinosus tendon ACL reconstruction with femoral Endobutton (Acufex, Smith&Nephew, Andover, MA) and tibial Suture Washer (Acufex, Smith&Nephew, Andover, MA) (n 29) or post screw fixation (n 6) in 35 patients on an average of 28 (20-37) months after surgery. On the basis of IKDC criteria, 22 patients showed a normal or nearly normal knee function and 25 patients had a KT 1000 maximal manual side-to-side difference of ≤5 mm at follow-up. Subjectively, 28 patients graded their knee function as normal or nearly normal. The average Lysholm score was 88 points, average OAK score 90 points and average modified HSS score 93 points. 19 patients reached their preinjury level of activity at follow-up. The postoperative Lachman test was ≤1+ in 24 patients and 24 patients also showed an absent pivot shift. Significant bone tunnel enlargement occurred in 26 patients on the femoral side and in 23 patients on the tibial side. We found no correlation between bone tunnel enlargement and clinical outcome. The clinical outcome of tripled semitendinosus tendon ACL reconstruction with Endobutton fixation on the femoral side was not entirely satisfactory. The procedure was associated with a high incidence of bone tunnel enlargement in this series.