急性缺氧对飞行员胃液体排空功能的影响

为探讨急性缺氧对飞行人员胃液体排空功能的影响，在常压下吸入不同浓度氧（１７％、１６％、１４％、１２％、１０．５％及９％）的低氧混合气体３０ｍｉｎ，采用Ｂ型超声波在实验前后分别测量了６４名男性飞行员的胃液体排空功能。结果表明，吸入１７％低氧混合气胃排空延迟，但经统计学处理无显著性差异，吸入１６％以下的低氧混合气后胃排空延迟，经统计学处理有显著性差异，且随着缺氧程度加重，胃液体排空时间延长更加明显。提     

不同血型飞行员缺氧时肾上腺皮质功能状态的研究

血型是人类血液特征之一,这种特征是做为遗传标记和免疫遗传学的多态性的代表。尽管对血型进行了多方面的研究,但主要应用于临床输血方面,对于血型与内分泌系统的关系尚缺乏报导。本文旨在研究血型与肾上腺皮质功能状态的关系。 材料与方法 对象:飞行员20例,男性,年龄23～51岁,均龄29.5岁。飞行机种:歼-6, 轰-5。飞行时间1238±778.7h。 方法:采用自身对比方法,比较基础状态和激发试验的肾上腺皮质功能状态。其中糖皮质激素选择皮质醇,盐皮质激素选择醛固酮,采用放射免疫分析方法进行检测。     

飞行员高空缺氧3例

1 临床资料 例1 32岁,歼-6飞行员,飞行时间1600h。经历过3次航空生理训练,体验了缺氧时的主观感觉。在一次高空飞行中发生了缺氧症,当时意识清醒,但记不清飞行高度。主诉缺氧时的症状为“兴奋,头发热”。马上联系起航空生理训练缺氧体验时的感觉,很快确定为高空缺氧,迅速下降到3000m的安全高度,症状得到缓解。返航后检查缺氧原因为面罩漏气。     

非溃疡性消化不良飞行员胃运动功能的改变

目的　对患有非溃疡性消化不良的飞行人员进行胃排空功能检测。　方法　采用双核素标记试餐及单光子发射计算机体层摄影 (SPECT)技术 ,对 5 4例非溃疡性消化不良 (NUD)飞行员(其中包括类溃疡型 2 3例 ,运动障碍型 2 6例 ,返流型 5例 )和 6 4例健康飞行员进行胃排空测定 ,求出各自全胃半排空时间 (T1 /2 ) ,近端胃半排空时间 (PT1 /2 ) ,固体食物开始排空前的延迟时间 (T1 )及其异常的发生率。　结果　与对照组相比 ,NU D组飞行员液体 T1 /2 延长 ,与 3型 NU D间均无明显关系 ;固体 T1 /2 明显延长 ,异常发生率 72 .2 % ,与运动障碍型 NUD和返流型 NU D呈正相关 (r=0 .81和 0 .78,P<0 .0 5 ) ;PT1 /2 与类溃疡型 NUD呈正相关 (r=0 .75 ,P<0 .0 5 ) ;T1 异常发生率 88.9% ,其中38.2 %延迟 ,与运动障碍型 NU D呈正相关 (r=0 .78,P<0 .0 5 ) ,另 6 1.8% T1 消失 ,与类溃疡型 NU D呈负相关 (r=- 0 .6 7,P<0 .0 5 )。　结论　 NUD飞行员多有固体食物排空障碍。     

患胆囊息肉飞行人员与健康飞行人员的胆囊收缩功能比较

目的探讨飞行人员胆囊息肉患者组与健康飞行人员（对照组）胆囊排空功能的差异。方法对来院接受年度大体检的18例患有胆囊息肉的飞行人员及18例年龄、飞行机种、飞行时间相仿的健康飞行人员进行胆囊超声检查,分别于空腹状态下及脂餐后1 h 测量胆囊最大长径、上下径、前后径,根据椭圆体公式计算空腹胆囊体积及脂餐后残余胆囊体积,计算胆囊排空率。比较两组之间胆囊排空率的差异。结果 PLG 组18例,约占同期住院体检飞行人员（257例）的7.0％,总体上PLG 组的胆囊排空功能显著低于正常对照组（P<0.05）。结论 PLG 是飞行人员中的常见病,其发病可能与胆囊排空功能不良有密切关系。胆囊排空功能检查可以列为招飞体检及飞行员年度体检的常规检查项目。     

睡眠剥夺对大鼠胃动力及胃黏膜损伤的影响

 目的探讨睡眠剥夺对大鼠胃动力及胃黏膜损伤的影响.方法采用小站台水环境法建立大鼠睡眠剥夺模型.用同位素99mTc灌胃测定大鼠胃液体排空率,观察胃黏膜损伤情况.结果睡眠剥夺条件下可导致胃排空障碍,在睡眠剥夺第3日大鼠胃排空率明显下降(73.9±4.1)%,在睡眠剥夺第5天和第7天大鼠胃排空率降低更明显,(70.6±4.9)%,(70.4±5.9)%.同时胃黏膜损伤也不断加重,在睡眠剥夺第3日,第5天和第7天大鼠胃黏膜损伤指数分别为(25.7±3.2),(28.9±3.8),(31.1±4.3).结论睡眠剥夺可导致胃排空障碍和胃黏膜损伤,而且二者与睡眠剥夺时间密切相关.     

液体试餐核素胃排空显像对糖尿病患者胃排空功能的研究

目的应用放射性核素标记的液体试餐行改良的胃排空显像,选择最佳检查体位及胃排空功能评价指标;进而评估糖尿病患者胃轻瘫发生率,并为其诊断及严重程度分级提供依据。 方法55名健康志愿者（对照组）和100例2型糖尿病患者（试验组）分别口服99Tcm-DTPA液体试餐后,即刻应用SPECT仪同时行平卧前位、平卧后位动态显像。影像采集结束后,勾画胃区ROI,经计算机处理后获得时间-放射性曲线,分别计算平卧前位、平卧后位胃半排空时间（GET_1/2）及30 min胃排空率（GER_30min）。3 d后服用同等量放射性核素液体试餐后行坐立后位胃排空动态显像,数据采集及处理方式同前。在此基础上,进一步对正常对照组及试验组胃排空显像数据进行t检验。 结果正常对照组平卧前位GET_1/2为（12.76±2.22）min,其95%置信区间上限为17.1 min（可作为胃排空功能减退的判断标准）。对照组平卧前位和平卧后位、平卧后位和坐立后位GET_1/2及GER_30min比较,差异均有统计学意义（t=5.35、11.20、-6.37、-9.77,均P < 0.01）;对照组和试验组、试验1组（无消化系统症状糖尿病患者组）和试验2组（有消化系统症状糖尿病患者组）平卧前位GER_30min比较,差异均有统计学意义（t=6.22、3.01,均P < 0.01）,其中试验组平卧前位GER_30min较对照组小,试验2组平卧前位GER_30min较试验1组小。统计试验组GET_1/2,41%胃排空功能减退,其中,9%胃排空功能重度受损。 结论液体试餐核素胃排空显像是一种简单易行、准确可靠的胃排空功能检测方法。GET_1/2和GER_30min可作为胃排空功能减退程度的指标,并优选平卧前位进行检查,可在临床推广应用。     

用显示子检查不同胃型胃排空时间的对照研究

目的：不同胃型胃排空的对比研究，方法：1200例不同胃型健康志愿者，口服实验餐并连续观察显示子由胃排出的数目。结果：经统计学分析，瀑布型胃的胃排空与其它胃型有明显差异（P＜0．05）。结论：瀑布型胃属于一种潜病理（亚健康）状态。     

Gastric emptying of two radiolabelled antacids with simultaneous monitoring of gastric pH

The aim of this study was to assess the gastric emptying rate of two antacids using an scintigraphic technique and simultaneous monitoring of gastric pH in 16 healthy male volunteers. Ten ml of Talcid (hydrotalcite 1 g) and Maalox (Mg-Al-hydroxide), with a similar neutralization capacity, were labelled with technetium-99m using a pyrophosphate bridge. Labelled antacids were given on separate days (within 2 weeks), 1 h after a standard meal. Intragastric pH was measured for at least 4 h, using ambulatory pH-metry with a dual-crystant antimony catheter. Continuous monitoring was started 1 h prior to the meal (baseline) and lasted 3 h (post-prandial, post-antacid and final periods). The antacid capacity of labelled and unlabelled antacids was similar. The mean percentages of antacids retained in the stomach fitted a linear model. The mean half-emptying time of Talcid was 63.9±27.9 min, while that of Maalox was 57.3±23.9 min (P=NS). The recordings of gastric pH (mean values of pH for each period) showed a similar profile for both antacids. The mean pH (Maalox vs Talcid) was 1.69 vs 2.07 in the baseline period, 1.95 vs 1.93 in the post-prandial period, 1.79 vs 1.15 in the post-antacid period (P=NS) and 0.4 vs 0.52 in the final period (P<0.05 vs prior periods). In conclusion, the gastric emptying of Talcid and Maalox was similar and pH profiles were parallel and remained unchanged for the two antacids within the first hour of intake. A significant decrease in pH was observed 1 h after intake of the antacids, suggesting a possible rebound effect.     

Evaluation of reproducibility of solid-phase gastric emptying in healthy subjects

Radionuclide gastric emptying studies are performed as a matter of clinical routine. Our aim was to evaluate the inter- and intea-individual variability and the reproducibility of gastric emptying studies in healthy young male volunteers using a single solid-phase, standard meal. The meal consisted of a pancake (500 KJ) tagged with technetium 99m sulphur colloid and no additional liquid. Continuous acquisitions of gastric activity in anterior projection were taken during 90 min, starting from the onset of the meal. Gastric emptying was evaluated three times in a 3-week period. Five different parameters were evaluated. Our results show that there is important inter- and intea-individual variability in normal volunteers. In spite of this variability, no significant difference between the different series of gastric emptying studies was observed.This work was performed at the Department of Nuclear Medicine, A.Z. Middelheim, Antwerp, Belgium     

Altered gastric emptying in patients with irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome is the most frequent functional disorder of the digestive system. Patients with irritable bowel syndrome have motor disorders not only in the colon, but also in other parts of the digestive tract such as the oesophagus and small intestine; however, it is not known whether the stomach is also involved. We used a radiolabelled mixed solid-liquid meal (technetium-99m for the solid component, indium-111 for the liquid component) to study gastric emptying of solids (GES), liquids (GEL) and indigestible solids (GER) in 50 patients diagnosed as having irritable bowel syndrome (30 with predominant constipation and 20 with predominant diarrhoea). GER was measured by counting the number of indigestible solids remaining in the stomach 4 h after they were swallowed. In patients with irritable bowel syndrome, GES and GEL were slower than in control subjects (P<0.05). GER was normal in all patients except for two women. Thirty-two patients (64%) showed delayed GES, 29 (58%) delayed GEL, and 2 (4%) delayed GER. Among patients with irritable bowel syndrome, GES was slower in those with predominant constipation than in those with predominant diarrhoea (P<0.05); GEL and GER were similar in both groups. Gastroparesis was found in a large proportion of patients with irritable bowel syndrome, suggesting the presence of a more generalised motor disorder of the gut. Received 29 July and in revised form 29 December 1998     

胃排空动态显像中双核素标准餐的应用

目的研究１３１Ｉ小牛血清白蛋白（ＢＳＡ）和９９ｍＴｃＤＴＰＡ双核素胃排空动态显像的方法及探讨其临床应用价值。方法用前临时标记１３１ＩＢＳＡ和９９ｍＴｃＤＴＰＡ，配成１３１ＩＢＳＡ鸡蛋固体餐和９９ｍＴｃＤＴＰＡ水液体餐。固体餐经人胃液消化试验，检测标记物稳定性。检查３５例慢性胃炎病人和１０例健康志愿者的胃排空功能，其中２例在３天内进行了１３１ＩＢＳＡ鸡蛋餐和９９ｍＴｃ硫胶体（Ｓｃ）鸡肝餐两法对照，比较其相关性。结果１３１ＩＢＳＡ和９９ｍＴｃＳｃ在胃液中消化２小时，脱标率分别为３００％和５１６％；１３１ＩＢＳＡ鸡蛋餐法和９９ｍＴｃＳｃ鸡肝餐法相关性好，ｒ＝０９８９，Ｐ＜００１；对照组固相半排空时间（ＨＳＥＴ）为５８２±１７７分钟，液相半排空时间（ＨＬＥＴ）为２３５±９４分钟；病例组ＨＳＥＴ为９２５±２９６分钟，ＨＬＥＴ为３７２±１６６分钟；固相和液相两组差异均有显著性（ｔ＝３４７４和２４８５，Ｐ＜００１）。结论１３１ＩＢＳＡ鸡蛋餐、９９ｍＴｃＤＴＰＡ液体餐同时使用（双核素标准餐法）可为临床提供胃排空固体和液体食物的情况     

A simple scintigraphic method for continuous monitoring of gastric emptying

A new and simple scintigraphic method for the measurement of gastric emptying was developed and validated. The test meal consists of 200 g potato mash mixed with 0.5 g Dowex 2X8 particles (mesh 20–50) labelled with 37 MBq (1 mCi) technetium-99m. After ingestion of the meal, sequential dynamic 15-s anteroposterior exposures in the supine position are obtained for 90 min. A second recording sequence of 20 min is added after a 30-min interval. The results can be displayed as immediate cine-replay, as time-activity diagrams and/or as activity retention values. Complicated mathematical fittings are not necessary. The method lends itself equally to the testing of in- and outpatients. Correspondence to: R.W Lipp