Shibi Tea (Adinandra nitida) and Camellianin A Alleviate CCl4-Induced Liver Injury in C57BL-6J Mice by Attenuation of Oxidative Stress,Inflammation, and Apoptosis

Liver injury is a significant public health issue nowadays. Shibi tea is a non-Camellia tea prepared from the dried leaves of Adinandra nitida, one of the plants with the greatest flavonoid concentration, with Camellianin A (CA) being the major flavonoid. Shibi tea is extensively used in food and medicine and has been found to provide a variety of health advantages. The benefits of Shibi tea and CA in preventing liver injury have not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of extract of Shibi tea (EST) and CA in mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced acute liver injury. Two different concentrations of EST and CA were given to model mice by gavage for 3 days. Treatment with two concentrations of EST and CA reduced the CCl₄-induced elevation of the liver index, liver histopathological injury score, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that EST and CA regulated the oxidative stress signaling pathway protein levels of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the expression of inflammatory cytokines, the phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappaB p65 (p-NF-κB)/nuclear factor-kappaB p65 (NF-κB) ratio, the phospho-p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-MAPK), and the apoptosis-related protein levels of BCL2-associated X (Bax)/B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl2) in the liver. Taken together, EST and CA can protect against CCl₄-induced liver injury by exerting antioxidative stress, anti-inflammation, and anti-apoptosis.     

灌注酒精液体饲料建立酒精性肝损伤小鼠模型

目的探索胃插管灌注含酒精液体饲料建立酒精性肝损伤小鼠模型的方法.方法通过手术给小鼠植入胃插管,用自制微量灌注泵向小鼠胃内持续灌注含酒精液体饲料4周,观察血液生化和肝组织病理改变.结果灌注含酒精液体饲料的小鼠血清丙氨酸氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶和甘油三酯升高,血清白蛋白降低,肝组织出现明显的脂肪变性、轻到中度的炎症浸润及组织坏死.结论通过胃插管持续4周灌注含酒精液体饲料可诱导小鼠出现明显的肝损伤,成功建立了酒精性肝损伤小鼠模型.     

Hepatoprotective effects of Rubus coreanus miquel concentrates on liver injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats

As well-being foods pursuing healthy life are becoming popular, interest in Rubus coreanus Miquel (RCM) fruit, a type of Korean blackberry, is increasing due to its medicinal actions including protecting the liver, brightening the eyes, and alleviating diabetes. This study was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of RCM concentrates on liver injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) in rats. RCM, produced in June ~ July 2008 at Chunbook, Gochang (South Korea), was finely mashed. The seeds were removed and the juices were condensed. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups according to treatment: normal (eight rats), CCl₄, 1% RCM, and 2% RCM. Experimental diets were provided to the experimental animals for 4 weeks. We measure total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. Part of the livers was isolated for histopathological evaluation, and analyzed for lipid peroxide (TBARS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and liver proteins. The activities of serum AST, ALT, and ALP were elevated following CCl₄ administration. Levels of hepatic TBARS were also significantly increased in the CCl₄ groups. However, hepatic TBARS levels and the activities of serum enzymes were markedly reduced by supplementation with the RCM concentrates (P < 0.05). Hepatic SOD activity increased in the RCM concentrates group versus CCl₄ groups. Histopathological examination revealed massive necrosis in the centrilobular area and degenerative changes caused by CCl₄ were ameliorated by dietary supplementation with RCM concentrates. These results suggest that RCM concentrates have hepatoprotective effects and may improve the symptoms of liver injuries.     

Coffee consumption and serum aminotransferases in middle-aged Japanese men

We investigated the relation between coffee drinking and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations among 7313 Japanese men receiving a health examination, excluding former alcohol drinkers and men with a history of chronic liver disease. Serum AST > 40 and/or ALT > 40 U/L was defined as liver inflammation. Adjustment was made for alcohol use, smoking, body mass index, serum marker for hepatitis virus infection, and other possible confounders. Adjusted odds ratios of liver inflammation were 1.00 (reference), 0.80, 0.69, and 0.61 for men drinking < 1, 1-2, 3-4, and > or = 5 cups of coffee daily, respectively. Among 6898 men without liver inflammation, serum AST and ALT were inversely associated with coffee consumption, and alcohol-related rise in AST was attenuated with coffee drinking. These findings suggest coffee may have an effect of suppressing the rise of serum aminotransferase, partly by inhibiting the alcohol-related elevation. Studies regarding biological mechanism are warranted.     

Eleusine indica L. possesses antioxidant activity and precludes carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-mediated oxidative hepatic damage in rats

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of aqueous extract of Eleusineindica to protect against carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced hepatic injury in rats.

Methods

The antioxidant activity of E. indica was evaluated using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The total phenolic content of E. indica was also determined. Biochemical parameters [e.g. alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase and quinone reductase] were used to evaluate hepatic damage in animals pretreated with E. indica and intoxicated with CCl₄. CCl₄-mediated hepatic damage was also evaluated by histopathologically.

Results

E. indica extract was able to reduce the stable DPPH level in a dose-dependent manner. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) value was 2350 μg/ml. Total phenolic content was found to be 14.9 ± 0.002 mg/g total phenolic expressed as gallic acid equivalent per gram of extract. Groups pretreated with E. indica showed significantly increased activity of antioxidant enzymes compared to the CCl₄-intoxicated group (p < 0.05). The increased levels of serum ALT and AST were significantly prevented by E. indica pretreatment (p < 0.05). The extent of MDA formation due to lipid peroxidation was significantly reduced (p < 0.05), and reduced GSH was significantly increased in a dose-dependently manner (p < 0.05) in the E. indica-pretreated groups as compared to the CCl₄-intoxicated group. The protective effect of E. indica was further evident through decreased histopathological alterations in the liver.

Conclusion

The results of our study indicate that the hepatoprotective effects of E. indica might be ascribable to its antioxidant and free radical scavenging property.     

绿茶对微囊藻毒素诱导肝肾氧化损伤的拮抗效应

目的探究绿茶对微囊藻毒素LR（MC-LR）诱导肝肾氧化损伤的拮抗效应。方法40只雄性小鼠分为空白对照组、MC-LR染毒组（MC-LR）、绿茶低剂量拮抗组（MC-LR＋绿茶2）、绿茶高剂量拮抗组（MC-LR＋绿茶12）共4组,实验第1天起MC-LR＋绿茶2、MC-LR＋绿茶12组即每日给予2g／L和12∥L的绿茶自由饮用,连续18d。自第6天开始,MC-LR、MC-LR＋绿茶2、MC-LR＋绿茶12组均每日给予MC-LR10μg／kg腹腔注射1次,空白对照组给予二甲砜腹腔注射,连续13d。第19天眶静脉取血后处死动物,对脏器系数、血清生化指标、抗氧化酶及脂质过氧化物水平、肝肾组织病理改变等指标进行检测和分析。结果绿茶明显拮抗MC-LR所致小鼠体重的下降。绿茶明显拮抗MC-LR造成的血清丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶和肌酐的升高。绿茶可抑制MC-LR致小鼠脂质过氧化物丙二醛水平的升高,较MC-LR染毒组MDA均值13．98nmol／ml相比差异有统计学意义。绿茶高剂量拮抗明显升高血清谷胱甘肽及超氧化物歧化酶水平,其均值分别为467．29mg／L和139．22U／ml,与空白、MC-LR染毒组相比差异有统计学意义。给予绿茶可使MC．LR所致的肝肾病理损伤减轻。结论绿茶可提高抗氧化酶活性,清除体内自由基,减轻氧化损伤,从而明显拮抗MC-LR诱导的肝肾毒性损伤。     

Protective Effect of Gallotannin-Enriched Extract Isolated from Galla Rhois against CCl4-Induced Hepatotoxicity in ICR Mice

To investigate the toxicity, protective effects, and action mechanism of gallotannin-enriched extracts isolated from Galla Rhois (GEGR) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced hepatotoxicity in Institute for Cancer Research (ICR) mice, alterations in serum biochemical indicators, histopathological structure, antioxidative status, hepatic apoptosis-related proteins, and liver fibrosis regulating factors were measured in mice pretreated with GEGR for five days before CCl₄ injection. The GEGR/CCl₄ treated group showed decreased levels of three serum marker enzymes (ALP, AST, and ALT) representing liver toxicity, although LDH levels remained constant. Necrotic area indicating hepatic cell death significantly inhibited, while malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression were dramatically recovered in the GEGR preadministrated group. In mechanism analyses of GEGR, the formation of active caspase-3 and enhancement of Bax/Bcl-2 expression was effectively inhibited in the GEGR/CCl₄ treated group. The level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6, as well as the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK in the TNF-α downstream signaling pathway was rapidly recovered in the GEGR/CCl₄ treated group, while anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) increased slightly in the same group. Furthermore, the GEGR/CCl₄ treated group showed a significant decrease in collagen accumulation results from alleviation of MMP-2 expression, TGF-β1 secretion and the phosphorylation of Smad2/3. Taken together, these results suggest that GEGR may induce remarkable protective effects against hepatic injury induced by CCl₄ treatment through upregulation of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant system.     

决明子、枸杞果、绿茶对非酒精性脂肪肝小鼠血脂代谢的影响对比

目的 对比决明子、枸杞果、绿茶对非酒精性脂肪肝模型小鼠血脂代谢以及脂肪肝发展的影响情况.方法 采用高脂饮食法（high fat diet,HFD）建立非酒精性脂肪肝小鼠模型,用决明子、枸杞果、绿茶浓缩液分别对甲、乙、丙三组予以灌胃治疗,同时对丁组模型对照组和戊组空白对照组予等量的生理盐水灌胃.经过4周喂养后,每2周在各组分别取5只小鼠进行解剖,取肝脏做石蜡切片进行组织病理学观察.同时采集静脉血,采用全自动生化分析仪检测血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDLC）以及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）（n＝5）,并取肝脏,制肝匀浆,测定LTG、LTC.结果 模型治疗组与两对照组相比,HDL-C有所升高,差异有统计学意义（ P 〈0.05）,TC、TG、ALT、AST、LDL-C、LTG、LTC明显降低,差异有统计学意义（ P 〈0.01）.结论 决明子、枸杞果、绿茶对于非酒精性脂肪肝模型对肝脏脂肪沉积以及肝内炎症发展均有一定程度的抑制作用,其抑制强度分别为决明子〉枸杞果〉绿茶.     

Teas and other beverages suppress D-galactosamine-induced liver injury in rats.

We compared the effects of various types of beverages (teas, coffee, and cocoa) on D-galactosamine-induced liver injury by measuring plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities in 7-wk-old male Wistar rats. The effects of five fractions extracted with different organic solvents from green tea, different types of dietary fibers, and some short chain fatty acids were also investigated. All of the beverages tested significantly suppressed D-galactosamine-induced enhancement of plasma enzyme activities when powdered beverages were added to the diet (30 g/kg) and fed to rats for 2 wk. Plasma ALT activities were 1155 +/- 82 [micromol/(min.L), control], 289 +/- 61 (green tea), 626 +/- 60 (roasted green tea), 471 +/- 84 (puerh tea), 676 +/- 69 (oolon tea), 423 +/- 76 (black tea), 829 +/- 53 (coffee), and 885 +/- 89 (cocoa). The profile of AST activities was similar. The caffeine-containing fraction from green tea had no significant effect, whereas the other four fractions, including the soluble fiber fraction, significantly suppressed liver injury. In addition to tea fibers, many other types of dietary fiber (hemicellulose, chitin, chitosan, alginate, pectin, guar gum, glucomannan, and inulin, but not cellulose) had liver injury-preventive effects when added to the diet (30 g/kg), suggesting that liver injury-prevention may be one of the general effects of dietary fibers. Of three short-chain fatty acids tested (acetate, propionate, and butyrate), only acetate prevented liver injury when added to the diet (15 g/kg), supporting the possibility that the liver injury-preventive effect of dietary fibers may be mediated at least in part by certain organic acids. These results suggest that several beverages possess preventive effects on certain types of liver injury, such as that induced by D-galactosamine, and that different constituents of high and low molecular weights contribute to the liver injury-preventive effects of green tea.     

胶原蛋白多肽-铬(Ⅲ)螯合物对四氧嘧啶致小鼠肝脏损伤的保护作用

目的:研究胶原蛋白多肽-铬(Ⅲ)螯合物(CPCC)对四氧嘧啶致小鼠肝脏损伤的保护作用。方法:将小鼠随机分成正常、模型和胶原蛋白多肽-铬(Ⅲ)螯合物三组,正常组与模型组灌胃蒸馏水,CPCC组灌胃CPCC水溶液(Cr3+40μg/kg?d),灌胃4w后模型组和CPCC组腹腔注射四氧嘧啶造模,测定小鼠肝指数及血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性,测定肝匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量,同时观察肝组织病理变化。结果:CPCC组可以非常显著地降低造模后小鼠肝指数及血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性。肝匀浆SOD、GSH-Px活力及丙二醛(MDA)含量均显著下降,肝细胞损伤明显减轻。结论:CPCC对四氧嘧啶致小鼠肝脏损伤有保护作用。     

Emblica officinalis Gaertn. attentuates N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced apoptosis, autophagy, and inflammation in rat livers

Inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to liver injury. Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) is rich in vitamin C, gallic acid, flavonoids, and tannins, which may protect against hepatoxicity-induced liver injury. We elucidated the effects of supplementary Amla (100?mg/kg of body weight) on N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced injury by evaluating reactive oxygen species (ROS) responses in the liver and bile, the degree of accumulated leukocytes and Kupffer cell infiltration, 3-nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxynonenal stains, apoptosis and autophagy, plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) levels, and antioxidant/oxidant enzymes in rats. Amla was more potent than vitamin C in scavenging O??·, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide. N-Nitrosodiethylamine increased ROS production in liver and bile, hepatic Kupffer cell and leukocyte infiltration, 3-nitrotyrosine and 4-hydroxynonenal accumulations, apoptosis and autophagy, and plasma ALT, AST, and γ-GT levels in the rats, decreased hepatic manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase protein expressions, and enhanced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) protein expressions. Amla significantly preserved MnSOD and catalase expressions and decreased iNOS and CYP2E1 protein expressions in N-nitrosodiethylamine-treated livers. Amla decreased N-nitrosodiethylamine-enhanced hepatic apoptosis and autophagy appearances via down-regulation of the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Beclin-1 expression. Thus Amla supplementation counteracts N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced liver injury via its antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-autophagy properties.     

The effect of short-term exposure to three chemicals on the blood chemistry of the pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides)

Injections of 3 ml/kg CCl₄ caused significant elevations in the serum enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LD-L). Serum lipids and total protein were significantly lower, while serum glucose was significantly greater. Serum protein electrophoresis showed disassociation of albumin. Seawater species appear more tolerant of nitrite intoxication than freshwater species. Concentrations of fenthion as high as 30% of the 48-h LC50 did not inhibit serum cholinesterase or alter serum chemistry.     

瘦素改善2型糖尿病ob/ob小鼠糖和脂质代谢作用机制的探讨

目的 研究瘦素对2型糖尿病小鼠糖脂代谢及肝功能的改善作用,并从氧化应激、内质网应激和胰岛素抵抗等方面探讨其可能机制。方法 选用瘦素缺陷的ob/ob小鼠作为2型糖尿病模型,根据是否给予瘦素处理分为两组（1 mg/（kg·d）, 腹腔内注射）;选用野生型C57BL/6J小鼠为正常对照。测定血清甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）和总胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）反映脂质代谢状况,血清谷丙转氨酶（alanine transaminase,ALT）和谷草转氨酶（aspartate aminotransferase,AST）反映肝功能; 酶联免疫吸附实验测定胰岛素水平;Western blot检测氧化应激指标还原烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸氧化酶 4（nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced oxidase 4,NOX4）和过氧化氢酶 （catalase,CAT）、内质网应激标志葡萄糖调节蛋白78（glucose-regulated protein 78,GRP78）水平,胰岛素调控糖脂代谢通路蛋白激酶B（protein kinase B,AKT）的激活。结果 与野生型小鼠比较,ob/ob小鼠血糖、TG和TC、ALT和AST活力以及胰岛素水平皆升高（均有P<0.05）;与ob/ob小鼠比较,经瘦素处理的ob/ob小鼠血糖、TG和TC、ALT和AST活力以及胰岛素水平皆下降（均有P<0.05）。与野生型小鼠比较,ob/ob小鼠肝脏NOX4和GRP78水平增高（均有P<0.05）,CAT和p-AKT水平降低（均有P<0.05）;与未经瘦素处理的ob/ob小鼠相比,经瘦素处理的ob/ob小鼠肝脏中NOX4、GRP78降低（均有P<0.05）,CAT和p-AKT升高（均有P<0.05）。结论 瘦素可改善2型糖尿病小鼠糖脂代谢和肝功能,作用机制可能与其减轻肝脏氧化应激和内质网应激以及恢复对胰岛素的敏感性有关。     

Protective Effects of Naringenin from Citrus sinensis (var. Valencia) Peels against CCl4-Induced Hepatic and Renal Injuries in Rats Assessed by Metabolomics,Histological and Biochemical Analyses

Citrus fruits are grown worldwide for their special nutritive and several health benefits. Among citrus bioactives, naringenin, a major flavanone, exhibits a potential hepatoprotective effect that is not fully elucidated. Herein, serum biochemical parameters and histopathological assays were used to estimate the hepatoprotective activity of naringenin, isolated from Citrus sinensis (var. Valencia) peels, in CCl₄-induced injury in a rat model. Further, GC–MS-based untargeted metabolomics was used to characterize the potential metabolite biomarkers associated with its activity. Present results revealed that naringenin could ameliorate the increases in liver enzymes (ALT and AST) induced by CCl₄ and attenuate the pathological changes in liver tissue. Naringenin decreased urea, creatinine and uric acid levels and improved the kidney tissue architecture, suggesting its role in treating renal disorders. In addition, naringenin increased the expression of the antiapoptoic cell marker, Bcl-2. Significant changes in serum metabolic profiling were noticed in the naringenin-treated group compared to the CCl₄ group, exemplified by increases in palmitic acid, stearic acid, myristic acid and lauric acids and decrease levels of alanine, tryptophan, lactic acid, glucosamine and glucose in CCl₄ model rats. The results suggested that naringenin’s potential hepato- and renoprotective effects could be related to its ability to regulate fatty acids (FAs), amino acids and energy metabolism, which may become effective targets for liver and kidney toxicity management. In conclusion, the current study presents new insights into the hepato- and renoprotective mechanisms of naringenin against CCl₄-induced toxicity.     

慢性乙型肝炎患者血生化指标和血清病毒标志与肝组织病理的相关性研究

目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）患者血生化指标和血清病毒标志与肝组织病理的关系。方法对132例CHB患者行肝穿刺活检,进行组织炎症活动度分级（G）和纤维化程度分期（S）,同时检测患者血清总胆红素（TBIL）、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、γ-谷氨酰转移酶（y-GT）、总胆汁酸（TBA）、白蛋白（ALB）和血清病毒标记物乙型肝炎病毒e抗原（HBeAg）、乙型肝炎病毒脱氧核糖核酸（HBV—DNA）。结果血清TBIL,ALT、AST、y—GT、TBA平均值随病理分级和分期的增加而逐渐升高,ALB则相反,与肝炎症分级和肝纤维化分期之间有明显相关（P〈0．05）;HBehg的表达与肝炎症分级和肝纤维化分期之间无明显相关（P〉0．05）;HBV—DNA水平与肝炎症变化和纤维化分期无明显相关（P〉0．05）。与病理诊断比较,临床诊断的灵敏度分别为：轻度74．24％（49例）,中度60．38％（32例）,重度53．85％（7例）。结论血清TBIL、ALT、AST、γ—GT、TBA可反映CHB患者肝组织炎症活动的程度;ALB是慢性乙型肝炎病变进展的指标。血清HBeAg的表达和HBV—DNA水平与肝组织病理炎症分级和纤维化分期之间无明显相关性。仅凭血生化指标、血清病毒复制活跃与否判断肝病活动性是不全面的,应将肝组织病理作为判断肝炎活动性和是否抗病毒治疗的主要依据。     

Prophylactic effect of aqueous extract of Sesamum indicum seeds on ethanol-induced toxicity in male rats

The liver is vulnerable to alcohol-related injury because it is the primary site of alcohol metabolism. Additionally, a number of potentially dangerous by-products are generated as alcohol is broken down in the liver. However, dietary supplements may prevent or relieve some of alcohol''s deleterious effects. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the prophylactic effect of aqueous extract of Sesamum indicum (SI) on ethanol induced toxicity in rats. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into control, ethanol, pre-treatment, simultaneous and post-treatment groups. In the prophylactic experiment, Sesamum indicum, (200 mg/kg body weight) was administered by oral gavage for 28 days; two hours before, simultaneously with or two hours after ethanol exposure. Toxicity was induced by administering 45% ethanol (4.8 g/kg bw) by oral gavage. Lipid peroxidation (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels and catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and gluthathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were then determined in the liver, serum triglyceride (TG) levels, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities were monitored and histological examination was carried out. The results revealed that ethanol administration led to significant elevation of TBARS level while depleting in the level of GSH as well as CAT, GPx, SOD and GST activities. Similarly, TG level and ALT and AST activities were elevated. The SI pre-treated group significantly inhibited TBARS, restored GSH level, enhanced CAT, GPx, SOD and GST activities and significantly decreased the elevated level of serum TG, ALT and AST activities. SI treatment (simultaneously with ethanol) exhibited similar effects to those of the SI pre-treated groups, while the SI post-treated group did not show the same protection as the Pre-treated group. S. indicum possesses antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties, that eliminate the deleterious effects of toxic metabolites of ethanol.     

Studies of the antioxidative effects of green and black tea (Camellia sinensis) extracts in rats

This paper reports a comparative study of the antioxidative effects of black and green tea extracts in sodium oxalate-challenged rats. A dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight of sodium oxalate was used to induce lipid peroxidation in vivo. Rats treated with sodium oxalate had 42.06 +/- 3.10 nM/hour, 45.39 +/- 9.75 mg/100 mL, 10.95 +/- 1.52%, 15.95 +/- 3.19 mg/dL, 112.25 +/- 5.15 mg/dL, 59.21 +/- 2.95 IU, 39.55 +/- 2.51 IU, and 150.62 +/- 9.62 KA/unit for serum levels of malondialdehyde, reduced ascorbic acid, catalase, cholesterol, phospholipid, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), respectively. These values are significantly (P < .05) different from values obtained from normal rats. Rats pretreated with 100 mg/kg of body weight of green tea had 27.59 +/- 3.56 nM/hour, 79.11 +/- 5.13 mg/100 mL, 4.23 +/- 0.36%, 50.09 +/- 5.24 mg/dL, 97.58 +/- 4.73 mg/dL, 23.10 +/- 1.59 IU, 31.14 +/- 1.26 IU, and 96.48 +/- 2.36 KA/unit for serum levels of malondialdehyde, reduced ascorbic acid, catalase, cholesterol, phospholipid, AST, ALT, and ALP, respectively, compared with 37.28 +/- 2.07 nM/hour, 72.62 +/- 2.10 mg/100 mL, 6.23 +/- 1.52%, 37.25 +/- 2.84 mg/dL, 78.05 +/- 2.36 mg/dL, 36.08 +/- 1.80 IU, 29.00 +/- 3.02 IU, and 109.23 +/- 6.32 KA/unit recorded for the same parameters in rats treated with black tea. The cholesterol to phospholipid ratio was increased from 0.14 +/- 0.04 in control rats to 0.47 +/- 0.02 and 0.51 +/- 0.01 by black and green tea extracts, respectively. These results suggest that tea extracts have antioxidant properties and that green tea extract is more potent.     

束缚应激模型在凉茶“降火”研究中的应用

目的 评价束缚应激模型在凉茶“降火”研究中应用的科学性及适用性。方法 急性和慢性应激束缚模型实验,均为雄性Balb/c小鼠40只,随机分为对照组、束缚组、低、中、高3个剂量凉茶组[0.8、2.4、7.2 g/（kg BW）凉茶干膏粉],每组8只。急性应激束缚模型为给药5 d,第5天给药1 h后除对照组外束缚2 h;慢性应激束缚模型为每天给药1 h后除对照组外束缚2 h,共10 d 。给予不同时间的处理后,观察小鼠一般行为,记录终体重及肝脏重量,计算肝体比,检测血清中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶及尿素氮的含量,测量肝脏中丙二醛、一氧化氮、超氧化物歧化酶水平及总抗氧化能力。结果 急性和慢性应激束缚模型,血清中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶及尿素氮含量较对照组均升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）;慢性束缚应激模型肝脏丙二醛、一氧化氮水平较对照组升高,超氧化物歧化酶水平及总抗氧化能力较对照组降低 （P<0.01）。高剂量凉茶组与慢性束缚组相比,血清中谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶及尿素氮含量均降低（P<0.01）;肝脏丙二醛、一氧化氮水平降低,超氧化物歧化酶水平及总抗氧化能力升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论 模拟“上火”,急性和慢性应激束缚模型均成立,且用于评价凉茶“降火”功效具有科学性和可行性。     

多肽-Fe对小鼠急性肝损伤保护作用的研究

目的:研究多肽-Fe对四氯化碳(CCl4)引起的小鼠肝脏氧化损伤的保护作用。方法:用CCl4(50mg/kg.d)灌胃造成小鼠急性肝脏损伤模型,将多肽-Fe分为低、中、高剂量预防组,分别为67.5mg/kg·d、675mg/kg·d、2025mg/kg·d喂饲小鼠30d,观察其对血清ALT、AST和ALP及肝脏TG、TC、GSH、MDA和SOD的影响。结果:与模型组相比,多肽-Fe可显著降低血清中ALT、AST、ALP活性和肝脏中TG、TC、MDA含量(P<0.01),提高肝脏中GSH含量(P<0.05),以中剂量组最为有效。结论:多肽-Fe对CCl4引起的小鼠肝脏氧化损伤具有保护作用。     

黑米花色苷对四氯化碳亚急性肝损伤的保护作用及其机制

目的研究黑米皮花色苷(black rice anthocyanins,BRA)对CCl4亚急性肝损伤小鼠的保护作用。方法NIH小鼠60只,随机分为:对照组、CCl4模型组、黑米花色苷低、中、高剂量组(BRA-L0.40g/kgbw、BRA-M0.80g/kgbw、BRA-H1.60g/kgbw)共5组。饲养前3w内,除对照组外的其他4个组动物均腹腔注射四氯化碳(CCl4)玉米油溶液。每周2次,共3w,诱导化学性亚急性肝损伤动物模型。饲养7w后,测定各组动物血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶水平(AST),血清和肝脏中脂质过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量、抗氧化酶活性及总抗氧化能力,用ELISA法分析BRA对各组动物血清中DNA主要氧化产物8-羟基脱氧鸟苷(8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine,8-OHdG)的影响,通过HE染色观察肝组织病理学变化。结果摄入BRA后的各剂量组,CCl4诱导的亚急性肝损伤小鼠的ALT、AST活性较模型组显著降低(P<0.05),血清和肝脏中MDA的生成量显著减少(P<0.05),SOD、GSH-Px活性明显增强(P<0.05),肝脏组织的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著增强(P<0.05);摄入高剂量BRA,8-OHdG的含量显著降低(P<0.05);由CCl4引起的肝脏组织气球样变、脂肪变性,炎症浸润等病理学损伤,喂食BRA后,均可得到明显改善。结论BRA对CCl4诱导的亚急性肝损伤具有保护作用,这一作用与其抗氧化活性有关。