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1.
[Purpose] The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of recreational
exercises on the muscle strength, flexibility, and balance of old-old elderly individuals
over the age of 75 years. [Subjects and Methods] Forty-three old-old elderly subjects
(aged 78.7 ± 2.9 years) participated in 8 weeks of recreational exercises. The exercises
were performed twice a week for 8 weeks. Muscle strength, flexibility, and balance were
evaluated by the Senior Fitness Test before and at the end of the intervention. [Results]
Significant improvements in muscle strength, flexibility, and balance were observed at the
end of the intervention. [Conclusion] This study demonstrated that an intervention using
recreational exercises effectively improves the muscle strength, flexibility, and balance
of old-old elderly individuals.Key words: Balance, Old-old elderly, Recreation exercise 相似文献
2.
[Purpose] This study investigated gait velocity and center of mass acceleration in three
directions during square and semicircular turning gait tasks in old-old elderly women.
[Subjects] Fifteen community-dwelling, old-old elderly women (≥75 years old) who could
walk independently were recruited. [Methods] We measured gait velocity and center of mass
acceleration in three directions using an accelerometer during two different turning gait
tasks. [Results] The velocity during square turning was significantly slower than that
during semicircular turning gait. There were no significant differences between gait tasks
with respect to normalized antero-posterior, medo-lateral, or vertical center of mass
acceleration. [Conclusion] Changing the direction of travel while walking regardless of
turning angle is one of the greatest challenges for balance in old-old elderly people.
Furthermore, gait velocity is a useful clinical marker for predicting falls in old-old
elderly populations.Key words: Center of mass acceleration, Old-old elderly, Turning gait 相似文献
3.
Kwon-Young Kang 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2015,27(8):2499-2500
[Purpose] This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of mechanical horseback riding
exercise on the balance ability of the elderly. [Subjects and Methods] Ten elderly
patients were assigned to an experimental group, and they performed 15 min of horseback
riding. Another 10 elderly patients were assigned to a control group, and they performed
15 min of one-leg standing exercise. Both exercises were repeated five times a week for a
total of six weeks. The participants’ balance ability was evaluated. [Results] The
horseback-riding group showed significant differences between the pre-and post-test
balance abilities as assessed by the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Timed Up and Go
(TUG) test. [Conclusion] Horseback riding effectively improves the balance ability of the
elderly. Horseback riding should be considered as a therapeutic method for the physical
therapy of the elderly.Key words: Balance ability, Elderly, Mechanical horseback riding 相似文献
4.
[Purpose] To characterize the foot arch height, toe flexor strength, and dynamic balance ability of collegiate female dancers and age-matched non-dancers. [Participants and Methods] This study included 20 healthy college-aged female dancers (21.6 ± 0.8 years) and 20 age-matched females (19.7 ± 1.0 years) with no previous experience in sports as non-dancers. Foot arch height was determined by measuring the height of the navicular tuberosity in the standing position using a ruler. Toe flexor strength was measured while seated on a chair using a toe grip dynamometer. Dynamic balance ability was evaluated based on the reach distance measured using a professional Y-balance test kit. [Results] The collegiate dancers had higher foot arches, greater toe flexor strength, and longer Y-balance test reach distance than the non-dancers. [Conclusion] The foot arch height, toe flexor strength, and dynamic balance ability of collegiate female dancers were adapted through years of training and were superior to those of non-dancers. 相似文献
5.
Mizuki Hachiya Shin Murata Hiroshi Otao Kenji Kamijou Katsuhiko Mizota Toyoko Asami 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2015,27(5):1511-1514
[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the reproducibility and validity of the 50-m
walking test. [Subjects] Reproducibility was investigated in 19 community-dwelling elderly
women (mean age, 76.3 years), and validity was investigated in 31 community-dwelling
elderly individuals (12 men and 19 women; mean age, 75.7 years). [Methods] The time taken
to walk 50 m, the time taken to walk each 10-m section (laps 1–5), the time taken to walk
10 m, and grip strength were measured. In addition, the functional reach test (FRT),
one-leg standing test, and timed up and go (TUG) test were performed. [Results] In a
reproducibility analysis, the interclass correlation coefficient (1,1) was 0.97. In a
Bland-Altman analysis, no systematic error was found. The measured values from the 50-m
walking test included a measurement error of 1.5 s, and the acceptable margin of error was
confirmed to be 3.1 s. In a validity analysis, the 50-m walking test score was
significantly correlated with the 10-m walking and TUG test scores. [Conclusion] Our
results suggest that the 50-m walking test score may be a useful index of the walking
ability of community-dwelling elderly.Key words: 50-meter walk test, Reproducibility, Validity 相似文献
6.
[Purpose] To quantify the influence of visual and under-foot-surface conditions on
standing balance in patients with post stroke hemiplegia and examine associations of this
ordinal score with somatosensory disturbance and walking ability. [Subjects] Sixty-six
patients with post-stroke hemiplegia. [Methods] Standing balance was tested in 4
conditions (firm floor or foam rubber surface with eyes open or eyes closed) for 30 s per
condition and scored using a 5-category ordinal scale. The accuracy of the standing
balance score to distinguish patients above/below cut-offs for the timed up-and-go test
(14 s) and functional ambulation category (4) was determined. [Results] Standing balance
score was correlated with sensory impairments (tactile and vibration perception) and
walking ability (up-and-go and functional ambulation category). The standing balance score
distinguished patients with up-and-go times ≤14 and >14 s with moderate sensitivity and
specificity, and distinguished patients with functional ambulation category <4 and ≥4
with high sensitivity and specificity. [Conclusion] Patients with post-stroke hemiplegia
may be unable to adapt to changing visual or surface conditions. Therapists should perform
comprehensive balance tests. The standing balance ordinal scale score was moderately
correlate with walking ability, distinguishing patients according to walking ability. This
scale’s validity and reliability must be assessed in clinical settings.Key words: Stroke, Standing balance, Walking ability 相似文献
7.
[Purpose] This study examined the relationship between the center of pressure (COP)
displacement time during the stance subphases and dynamic balance ability when elderly
cross obstacles 0, 10, and 40 cm in height. [Subjects] Fifteen older adults were enrolled
in this study (≥65 years of age). [Methods] An F-Scan System was used to measure the COP
displacement time when subjects crossed obstacles 0, 10, and 40 cm in height, and the
Dynamic Gait Index, Berg Balance Scale, and Four Square Step Test were used to measure
dynamic balance ability. [Results] The Dynamic Gait Index, Berg Balance Scale, and Four
Square Step Test were correlated with each other. Dynamic balance tests were correlated
with the COP displacement time during the stance phase. At obstacle heights of 10 and
40 cm during loading response and at all heights during pre-swing, there were correlations
with dynamic balance ability. However, dynamic balance ability did not affect the COP
displacement time during mid-stance and terminal stance. [Conclusion] People with a lower
dynamic balance ability show a larger COP displacement time during loading response and
pre-swing. Therefore, dynamic balance ability can be predicted by measuring the COP
displacement time.Key words: Dynamic balance, Obstacle crossing, Center of pressure 相似文献
8.
Min-Jung Han Goon-Chang Yuk Hwangbo Gak Soon-Rim Suh Seong-Gil Kim 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2014,26(1):131-133
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of five minutes of
plantar flexor static stretching (PSS) on the balance and gait of the elderly. [Subjects
and Methods] Twenty-five subjects aged 65 years and above performed 5 min of PSS in the
form of wedge board standing. The sway length of each subject’s center of mass was
measured to examine the subject’s static balance. It was measured by one minute of quiet
standing with the eyes closed. Functional reach tests (FRTs), timed up and go tests
(TUGs), and 10-meter walk tests (10MWTs) were performed to examine dynamic balance and
gait before and after PSS. [Results] The outcome showed significant increases in sway
distances (6.55 ± 5.03 cm) after stretching. However, in the FRTs, TUGs, and 10MWTs, the
reach distance and time did not show any significant changes. [Conclusion] These results
suggest that the elderly subjects temporarily experienced difficulties in maintaining
balance immediately after the PSS but that their dynamic balance and gait were not
adversely affected after a short period of time. Therefore, to prevent falls and perform
exercises in a safe way, it is recommended to allow patients to rest after performing
PSS.Key words: Elderly, Static stretching, Postural balance 相似文献
9.
Akihiro Yakabi Miyoko Watanabe Masahiro Ishizaka Masafumi Itokazu Akira Kubo 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2022,34(9):620
[Purpose] The quality of physical functions was evaluated prospectively in older females over a 5 year period to identify the physical functions that are more likely to consistently decline or be maintained in females aged 65‒74 years and more than 75 years. [Participants and Methods] Physical functions, including grip strength, walking speed, and balance, were measured for older females aged 65–74 years group and more than 75 years group from 2015 to 2019. T-scores of the physical performances were calculated to analyze the changes in the physical functions over 5 years. [Results] Based on the T-scores, physical functions in terms of the 5-m walking speed, timed up-and-go test, and functional reach test, improved from 2015 to 2019 in the 65–74 group, whereas all physical functions consistently deteriorated in the older than 75 group. [Conclusion] There was no significant decline of the physical functions in both groups; however, the T-score variations for physical functions during the 5 year observation period differed in each group. 相似文献
10.
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of balance training
using a reaching task between a sitting position and a standing position in the elderly.
[Subjects and Methods] The study included 30 elderly women from D city. The subjects were
divided into the following two groups, according to the training position: the sitting
group (n = 15) and standing group (n = 15). Both groups performed training for 20 min,
thrice a week for 8 weeks. The short form of the berg balance scale (SFBBS), timed 10-m
walk test (10MWT), timed up & go test (TUG), and falls efficacy scale (FES) were used
before and after training. [Results] SFBBS, 10MWT, and TUG values were significantly
different between before and after training in both groups. However, FES values were
significantly different in only the standing group. [Conclusion] Balance training in a
standing position is helpful for improving activities that mainly use the lower
extremities, such as gait, and training in a sitting position is somewhat helpful for
improving balance ability. In addition, balance training in both positions can help
overcome the fear of falling.Key words: Postural balance, Falls efficacy, Elderly 相似文献
11.
Cecilia Elam Per Aagaard Frode Slinde Ulla Svantesson Lena Hulthn Peter S Magnusson Lina Bunketorp-Kll 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2021,33(3):250
[Purpose] To examine the effects of age and gender in an ageing population with respect to functional decline and the relationship between muscle power and functional capacity. [Participants and Methods] The cohort (N=154) was subdivided into youngest-old (65–70 years.; n=62), middle-old (71–75 years.; n=46), and oldest-old (76–81 years.; n=46). Measures of mechanical muscle function included countermovement jump height, muscle power, leg strength and grip strength. Functional performance-based measures included heel-rise, postural balance, Timed Up and Go, and gait speed. [Results] The oldest-old performed significantly worse than the middle-old, whereas the youngest-old did not outperform the middle-old to the same extent. Increased contribution of muscle power was observed with increasing age. Males had consistently higher scores in measures of mechanical muscle function, whereas no gender differences were observed for functional capacity. [Conclusion] The age-related decline in functional capacity appears to accelerate when approaching 80 years of age and lower limb muscle power seems to contribute to a greater extent to the preservation of functional balance and gait capacity at that stage. Males outperform females in measures of mechanical muscle function independent of age, while the findings give no support for the existence of gender differences in functional capacity.Key words: Stretch-shortening cycle muscle power, Physical function, Ageing 相似文献
12.
Sun-Hyung Joo Min-Tae Kim Jae-Hwan Cho Hae-Kag Lee Jae-Ouk Ahn 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2015,27(4):1117-1120
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the blood levels related to the
bone mineral density by using the dual energy X-ray absorption for females before
menopause and males younger than 50 years old. [Subjects and Methods] Between August 1,
and September 15, 2013, the Z-score was measured in females before menopause and males
younger than 50 years old using a bone mineral density measuring instrument. After the
measurement, the subjects were classified into two groups, that is, the below expectations
and within expectations groups. Next, we analyzed and compared the differences in age,
body mass index, and blood levels between the 2 groups. [Results] The results showed a
correlation of 0.212 for total protein, −0.317 for alanine aminotransferase, −0.199 for
gamma-glutamyl transferase, −0.358 for alkaline phosphatase, 0.266 for uric acid, −0.313
for lactate dehydrogenase, 0.244 for creatinine, −0.234 for the red blood cell count, and
−0.230 for the red cell distribution width in patients with less than expected level for
their age. [Conclusion] In conclusion, osteoporosis may occur in females before menopause
and males younger than 50 years old, and aggressive attention is required for prevention
and treatment. 相似文献
13.
Makoto Suzuki Hiroyuki Fujisawa Yooichiro Machida Shin Minakata 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2013,25(8):1043-1049
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between results of
the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Static Balance Test (SBT) in hemiplegic patients with
stroke. [Subjects] The subjects were 39 hemiplegic patients (25 men, 14 women; mean age,
69.4 ± 11.0 years) with stroke that had occurred within the preceding 6 months and who had
good understanding of verbal instructions. [Methods] The SBT consists of five
posture-holding tasks (sitting, stride standing, close standing, one-foot standing on the
unparalyzed leg, and one-foot standing on the paralyzed leg). Four grades, 1–4, are used
to judge the ability of patients to hold these postures. The SBT and BBS were each
implemented, and the relationship between test results was analyzed using correlation
coefficients. [Results] The correlation coefficient for the BBS score and SBT score was
0.87. Thus, a strong correlation was seen between the BBS and SBT. [Conclusion] The SBT is
thought to be an assessment index that can predict overall balance ability.Key words: Stroke, Balance, Assessment 相似文献
14.
Seiichi Takemasa Ryoma Nakagoshi Masahito Murakami Masayuki Uesugi Yuri Inoue Makoto Gotou Hideki Koeda Susumu Naruse 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2014,26(2):301-303
[Purpose] This study examined the quality of life (QOL) of homebound elderly hemiparetic
stroke patients and factors that affect it. [Subjects] The subjects of the study were 21
homebound elderly hemiparetic stroke patients who were 65 years old or over and required
care for daily living (12 males and 9 females, average age: 79.3 ± 8.4 years old). Their
physical and psychological conditions, QOL, and other characteristics were researched.
[Methods] The Functional Independence Measure (FIM) was used for the activities of daily
living (ADL) assessment, and the MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36, Japanese
version 1.2) was used for the QOL assessment. [Results] No correlations were observed
between the QOL of homebound elderly hemiparetic stroke patients and their age and gender.
However, the results showed that their QOL was affected by their independence in ADL,
bedridden degree, and care-need level. [Conclusion] These results suggest that in order to
improve the QOL of homebound elderly hemiparetic stroke patients, ongoing rehabilitation
to improve independence in ADL and lower the bedridden degree and care-need level is
required.Key words: QOL, Homebound elderly hemiparetic stroke patients, ADL 相似文献
15.
Yoshihiro Wada Keisyoku Sakuraba Atsushi Kubota 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2015,27(1):199-203
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of the long-term care
prevention project and develop an effective program. [Subjects] A total of 81 elderly
people (age, 79 ± 5.1 years; height, 149.2 ± 9.2 cm; weight, 54.2 ± 11.4 kg). [Methods]
Grip, knee extension muscular strength, 10 m walking speed, and Timed Up and Go time were
measured for evaluation of motor functions, and the “Locomo 25”, a 25-question risk
assessment questionnaire, was used as the judgment criterion for evaluation of daily life
activities, with measurements being taken at the beginning of the project and after three
months. [Results] In the motor functions evaluation, significant differences were observed
in 10 m walking speed, Timed Up and Go time, and knee extension strength. In the daily
life activities evaluation, scores for pain, rising movement, standing movement, indoor
walking, outdoor walking, and fear of falling were significantly reduced. In addition, a
significant correlation was also observed between motor functions and daily life
activities. [Conclusion] The result of this study indicated that the long-term care
prevention project is effective in maintaining or improving muscular strength and
mitigating pain in the elderly and that it is an effective program for maintaining daily
life activities. We were also able to show that it would be effective to develop programs
with a low exercise intensity that can be performed on a continuing by the elderly.Key words: Long-term care prevention project, Motor functions, Daily life activities 相似文献
16.
Wii-based Balance Therapy to Improve Balance Function of Children with
Cerebral Palsy: A Pilot Study
Devrim Tarakci Arzu Razak Ozdincler Ela Tarakci Fatih Tutuncuoglu Meral Ozmen 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2013,25(9):1123-1127
[Purpose] Cerebral palsy is a sensorimotor disorder that affects the control of posture
and movement. The Nintendo® Wii Fit offers an inexpensive, enjoyable, suitable
alternative to more complex systems for children with cerebral palsy. The aim of this
study was to investigate the efficacacy of Wii-based balance therapy for children with
ambulatory cerebral palsy. [Subjects] This pilot study design included fourteen ambulatory
patients with cerebral palsy (11 males, 3 females; mean age 12.07 ± 3.36 years). [Methods]
Balance functions before and after treatment were evaluated using one leg standing, the
functional reach test, the timed up and go test, and the 6-minute walking test. The
physiotherapist prescribed the Wii Fit activities,and supervised and supported the
patients during the therapy sessions. Exercises were performed in a standardized program 2
times a week for 12 weeks. [Results] Balance ability of every patient improved.
Statistically significant improvements were found in all outcome measures after 12 weeks.
[Conclusion] The results suggest that the Nintendo® Wii Fit provides a safe,
enjoyable, suitable and effective method that can be added to conventional treatments to
improve the static balance of patients with cerebral palsy; however, further work is
required.Key words: Cerebral palsy, Balance, Nintendo® Wii Fit 相似文献
17.
Kihun Cho Kyoungsuk Lee Byungjoon Lee Hwangjae Lee Wanhee Lee 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2014,26(12):1989-1992
[Purpose] The purpose of the current study was to investigate the relationship between
postural sway and dynamic balance in post stroke patients. [Subjects] Thirty-one stroke
patients (20 men and 11 women; age 64.25 years; stroke duration 12.70 months; MMSE-K score
26.35) participated in this study. [Methods] This study applied a cross-sectional design.
A Good Balance system was used for measurement of the postural sway velocity
(anteroposterior and mediolateral) and velocity moment of subjects under the eyes open and
eyes closed conditions in a standing posture. The postural sway of subjects was measured
under two surface conditions (stable and unstable surfaces). [Results] On the unstable
surface (foam), no significant correlation was observed between postural sway and dynamic
balance except for the berg balance scale (BBS) score and anteroposterior postural sway
velocity under the eyes open condition, anteroposterior postural sway velocity under the
eyes closed condition, and postural sway velocity moment. In addition, in the stable
condition, no significant correlation was observed between postural sway and dynamic
balance. [Conclusion] Our results indicate that a decrease in postural sway does not
necessarily reflect improvement of dynamic balance ability. We believe that this finding
may be useful in balance rehabilitation for prevention of falls after a stroke.Key words: Dynamic balance, Postural sway, Stroke 相似文献
18.
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships among hearing
loss, cognition, and balance ability in elderly individuals. [Subjects and Methods] In
total, 46 elderly individuals over 65 years of age who were attending senior welfare
centers participated in this study. Through a hearing test, the speech frequency pure tone
average in the better ear was checked. We set a criterion of hearing loss if the better
ear hearing level (BEHL) value was 25 dB or more. Cognition ability was evaluated using
the Korean mini-mental state examination (K-MMSE). Dynamic balance ability was evaluated
by the timed up and go (TUG) test, and static balance ability was tested using a one-leg
stance test (OLST). [Results] The ages of the subjects were all related to BEHL, TUG,
K-MMSE, and OLST. BEHL had a negative correlation with OLST, whereas it had no correlation
with K-MMSE or TUG. The hearing loss group had a significantly shorter OLST time than the
normal hearing group. [Conclusion] As elderly individuals get older, their hearing and
cognition, as well as their balance abilities deteriorate. The results of this study
indicate there is a significant correlation between hearing loss and static balance.Key words: Hearing loss, Cognition, Balance ability 相似文献
19.
Kyung Woo Kang Kyoung Kim Na Kyung Lee Jung Won Kwon Sung Min Son 《Journal of Physical Therapy Science》2015,27(3):777-780
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of constrained weight
shift induced by shoe lift beneath the unaffected lower extremity, on balance functions
and electromyography of the affected lower extremity of stroke patients. [Subjects and
Methods] Twelve patients with unilateral stroke were recruited as volunteers for this
study. The subjects were repeatedly measured in a randomized order under three conditions:
no-shoe lift, and shoe lifts of 5 mm and 10 mm heights beneath the unaffected lower
extremity. [Results] Standing with a 10 mm shoe lift for the unaffected lower extremity
decreased the mean velocity of mediolateral sway compared to no-shoe lift. Regarding the
velocity of anteroposterior sway, standing with 5 mm and 10 mm shoe lifts decreased the
mean velocity of anteroposterior sway. The muscle activation of the affected lower
extremity was not significantly different among the no-shoe lift, 5 mm shoe lift and 10 mm
shoe lift conditions; however, the muscle activities of the rectus femoris, biceps
femoris, tibialis anterior, and medial gastrocnemius of the affected lower extremity
progressively improved with increasing height of the shoe lift. [Conclusion] A constrained
weight shift to the affected side elicited by a shoe insole of 10 mm height on the
unaffected side can improve the static standing balance of stroke patients, and it
resulted in 14–24% increases in the muscle activities of the affected leg.Key words: Constrained weight shift, Stroke, Balance 相似文献
20.
[Purpose] This study investigated the effects of Nordic walking on physical functions and
depression in frail people aged 70 years and above. [Subjects] Twenty frail elderly
individuals ≥70 years old were assigned to either a Nordic walking group (n=8) or general
exercise group (n=10). [Methods] The duration of intervention was equal in both groups (3
sessions/week for 12 weeks, 60 min/session). Physical function (balance, upper extremity
strength, lower extremity strength, weakness) and depression were examined before and
after the interventions. [Results] With the exception of upper extremity muscle strength,
lower extremity strength, weakness, balance, and depression after Nordic walking
demonstrated statistically significant improvement. However, in the general exercise
group, only balance demonstrated a statistically significant improvement after the
intervention. There were significant differences in the changes in lower extremity muscle
strength, weakness and depression between the groups. [Conclusion] In conclusion, Nordic
walking was more effective than general exercise. Therefore, we suggest that Nordic
walking may be an attractive option for significant functional improvement in frail people
over 70 years old.Key words: Nordic walking, General exercise, Frail people 相似文献