重度妊高征分娩方式的初步探讨

目的 探讨重度妊高征的最佳分娩方式以利母婴安全。方法 对我院1995年1月至2001年12月收治的111例重度妊高征进行临床救治、分析。结果 剖宫产术96例,占86.48％,111例产妇中1例死亡,围产儿死亡7例,其中胎死宫内4例,3例系早产儿。结论 为改善母婴预后,适时选择剖宫产是重度妊高征的最佳分娩方式。     

Thrombophilia and adverse pregnancy outcome

Congenital and acquired thrombophilias are the most common predisposing factors for thromboembolism, but they may also contribute to pathophysiological processes involved in recurrent pregnancy loss, fetal death, intrauterine growth restriction, placental abruption, placental infarction, and pre-eclampsia. The most common thrombophilias are deficiencies of antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S, acquired protein C resistance, genetic mutation encoding for factor V Leiden, prothrombin gene, and inherited hyperhomocysteinemia, and antiphospholipid syndrome. Although adverse pregnancy outcomes are more common in women with thrombophilia, the current evidence does not support routine thrombophilia screening of all pregnant women. Selective thrombophilia screening may be justified in certain group of women, particularly those with a history of thromboembolism. More research is required to confirm or refute the causal link between thrombophilia and abnormal placentation, and assess effectiveness and safety of thromboprophylaxis in pregnant women.     

青霉素治疗妊娠合并梅毒患者与妊娠结局

目的 探讨妊娠合并梅毒患者的抗梅毒治疗对妊娠结局的影响.方法 对韶关市妇幼保健院2000年1月至2006年12月间,妊娠合并梅毒患者进行回顾性临床分析.根据是否行抗梅毒治疗,将妊娠合并梅毒患者分为治疗组与非治疗组,治疗组患者行青霉素治疗,非治疗组患者未行青霉素治疗.结果 7年间医院分娩总人数12650例,接受梅毒筛查者8942例,妊娠合并梅毒患者82例,发生率9.2‰,治疗组与非治疗组新生儿死亡率分别为0及12.5%,先天梅毒分别为24.1%及56.30%,死胎发生率为3.1%及23.3%.结论 妊娠期梅毒是危害围产儿的严重合并症孕期梅毒筛查是乔诊断的必要手段.孕期有效的青霉素治疗,将降低围产儿死亡率及先天梅毒的发生.     

Delayed interval delivery in a quintuplet pregnancy

We present a case report of delayed delivery of a quintuplet pregnancy. The pregnancy resulted from intrauterine insemination following hormonal treatment. This case may represent the first report of quintuplets delivered using the technique of delayed interval delivery. Three separate spontaneous labours and one Caesarean section for two fetuses took place between the 24th and 32nd weeks of pregnancy. The delay between the first and the last delivery was 61 days. Only a boy, born fourth, survived.      

Delayed hypersensitivity skin tests and subsequent renal transplant outcome

Background Some studies in the literature have supported, while others have denied, the relationship between results of delayed hypersensitivity skin tests (DHST), renal allograft and patient survival rates. Several factors contribute to the unreliability of these studies. For example, most of these studies were performed in the precyclosporine era, furthermore, other variables which influence renal allografts and patient survival rates were not controlled in those studies. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between results of DHST performed in the pretransplant period with the subsequent renal transplant outcome in the cyclosporine era. Methods The study included 103 first cadaveric renal transplant recipients. DHST were performed during pretransplant evaluation by intradermal injections of a battery of recall antigens. Based on skin-test results, the patients were assigned to two groups —those with a positive skin test (STP+) and those with a negative (anergic) skin test. These two groups were compared with each other regarding allograft survival, patient survival, and other variables known to influence survival rates. Results The mean age, sex and racial distribution, degree of HLA matches between recipients and donors, number of acute rejection episodes, and number of patients with acute tubular necrosis were similar between the two groups. Renal allograft survival rates in the anergic group at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years were 97%, 90% 84%, and 57%, respectively. The survival rate for renal allografts in the STP+ group for the same time points was 90%, 86%, 80%, and 72%, respectively. Patient survival rates for the anergic group at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years were 95%, 94%, 89%, and 85%, respectively, while those for the STP+ group were 98%, 98%, 98%, and 97% respectively. Differences between the STP+ and anergic groups, with regard to patient and allograft survival rates, were not significant. Conclusion We conclude that DHST is not helpful in predicting outcome of patient or renal allograft survival rates over a 3-year time period.     

妊娠晚期合并贫血对妊娠结局影响的研究

目的研究在我院分娩妊娠晚期贫血对妊娠结局的影响。方法收集2007年1月～2011年12月31日,产科病历,分娩产妇单胎,无内外科严重疾病,妊娠晚期合并贫血共585例。进行回顾分析,其中随机选择同期非贫血妊娠妇女500例,进行比较。观察贫血对母儿的影响。结果共收集合格病例585例,妊娠晚期合并贫血总患病率9.45%。贫血发生人群分布中孕妇非京户籍,职业多为打工者,妊娠晚期合并贫血占16.79%,孕妇为京户籍者占6.26%,贫血孕妇产后出血、新生儿窒息、胎膜早破、低体重儿,发生率明显高于非妊娠贫血妇女,（P〈0.05）。结论妊娠贫血对母儿的健康影响较大,加强特定人群及妊娠妇女保健宣传及健康饮食教育,妊娠期贫血的检查和检测,预防孕妇贫血,减少不良妊娠结局的发生。     

孕期沙眼衣原体感染与妊娠结局的关系

目的研究孕期沙眼衣原体(Chlamydia trachomatis,CT)与妊娠结局的关系.方法120例CT感染给予治疗的孕妇为A组;选择在年龄、孕周与之匹配因故未治疗的57例CT感染孕妇为B组;同期行围产监测的120例正常孕妇为C组.比较不良妊娠结局及宫内感染率.结果B组的自然流产、胎膜早破、早产、低体重儿、产褥感染、新生儿结膜炎、新生儿肺炎的发生率高于C组,P＜0.05,差异有显著性意义.A组与B组相比,其妊娠结局好转、宫内感染率下降,P＜0.05,差异有显著性意义.结论孕期CT感染可造成不良妊娠结局,治疗降低了宫内垂直传播率,应在孕前、孕早期常规筛查以便早诊早治从而改善妊娠结局.     

The effect of systemic lupus erythematosus on pregnancy and pregnancy outcome.

This review provides an analysis of reports published since 1980 on the effect of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) on pregnancy and pregnancy outcome. The question whether pregnancy increases clinical flares and the severity of flares in patients with SLE during pregnancy has not been resolved because of difficulty in defining exacerbations of SLE and of preeclampsia. An analysis of major detailed reports indicates that maternal complications are reduced in patients who are in clinical remission prior to the onset of pregnancy compared with women with persistent disease activity. Complications are observed in 30%-50% of patients with inactive disease at onset of gestation. After exclusion of spontaneous abortions during the first trimester, fetal survival was 85%-90% in most reported case series. The best outcomes were reported in patients with inactive disease at onset of pregnancy. It seems likely that some maternal complications and fetal wastage in this population are related to anticardiolipin antibodies.     

Peripartum cocaine use and adverse pregnancy outcome

The objective of the study was to analyze possible adverse effects of peripartum cocaine use on maternal and fetal outcomes. Informed consent was given by 720 (97%) of 740 women who delivered consecutively at a large urban public hospital to test an umbilical cord blood sample for the presence of non-medically administered drugs of abuse and alcohol and to be interviewed for the study. Samples were tested for the presence of a cocaine metabolite (benzoylecgonine-BZE) by radioimmunoassay. The presence of other substances of abuse (alcohol, methamphetamine, opiates) resulted in exclusion from the sample of 143 subjects. Thus, in this cohort analysis, drug-free controls (N = 469) were compared to those positive for cocaine only (N = 108). Peripartum exposure to cocaine only, and no other substances of abuse, was associated with an increased frequency of abruptio placentae (1.9% vs 0% for control, P < 0.004), thick meconium stained amniotic fluid (3.9% vs 0.7% for controls, P < 0.006), premature rupture of membranes (P < 0.02), genitourinary anomalies (OR = 3.6, P < 0.05), abdominal wall defects (OR = 4.4, P < 0.01) and increased frequency of low birth weight (OR = 2.0, P < 0.02). These are important findings because previous studies have been complicated by the confounding effects of other substances of abuse. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 11:598–602, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Hypercholesterolaemia in pregnancy as a predictor of adverse pregnancy outcome

Background

Prevention of viable spontaneous preterm birth and low birth weight through screening is one of the key aims of antenatal care as these have implications for the child, mother and society. If women can be identified to be at high risk of these adverse birth outcomes in early pregnancy, they can be targeted for more intensive antenatal surveillance and prophylactic interventions.

Objectives

This study is therefore aimed to determine the association between elevated maternal serum cholesterol level in pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcome.

Methods

It was a prospective observational cohort study in which eligible participants were enrolled at gestational age of 14 to 20 weeks. Blood samples were obtained to measure total serum cholesterol concentrations and the sera were then analyzed enzymatically by the cholesterol oxidase: p-aminophenazone (CHOD PAP) method. Pregnancy outcomes were obtained by extraction from medical records and the labour ward register.

Results

The incidences of the two adverse pregnancy outcomes examined in the study (preterm births and low birth weight (LBW) in term neonates) were 8.0% and 14.4% respectively. Preterm birth was 6.89-times more common in mothers with high cholesterol than in control mothers with normal total cholesterol level (38.5% versus 5.4%, P=0.029) while LBW was 7.99-times more common in mothers with high total maternal cholesterol than in mothers with normal cholesterol (87.5% versus 10.5%, P=0.019).

Conclusion

We can infer that the high maternal serum cholesterol (hypercholesterolaemia) is associated with preterm delivery/ low birth weight (LBW) in term infants. However, further validation of these findings with more robust prospective and longitudinal characterization of maternal serum cholesterol profiles is required in subsequent investigations.     

妊娠贫血对产科结局的影响

目的：了解妊娠中、晚期贫血的发生率及其对产科结局的影响。方法：对951例孕妇产前及产后血红蛋白(Hb)检测结果与产科结局的关系进行回顾性分析。Hb＜100g／L的孕妇为贫血组，Hb≥100g／L的孕妇为正常对照组，分别对孕中期及孕晚期贫血与产科结局进行对照分析。结果：孕中期贫血导致孕晚期贫血、产后贫血、早产、过期妊娠、胎盘功能欠佳发生率增加(P＜0．05)。孕晚期贫血导致产后贫血、早产、低体重儿的出生、胎盘早剥发生率增加(P＜0．05)，孕晚期贫血可增加妊高征、死胎、胎膜早破的发生率(P＞0．05)。双胎妊娠增加妊娠贫血的发生率。结论：妊娠中、晚期贫血对产科结局有不良影响，应加强妊娠期贫血的防治，从妊娠中期常规补铁，降低妊娠期贫血的发生率，保障母婴健康。     

孕妇血清ADAM12-S水平与妊娠结局的相关性研究

目的探讨妊娠早期孕妇血清解整合素-金属蛋白质酶12（ADAM12-S）水平变化与唐氏综合征等妊娠结局的关系。方法应用时间分辨荧光免疫分析法检测早孕期（8-11周）孕妇血清中ADAM12-S水平,并分析ADAM12-S水平变化与唐氏综合征等妊娠结局的关系。结果正常单胎血清ADAM12-S水平随孕周增加而逐渐上升的趋势,且呈线性相关（r=0.993,P〈0.01）。唐氏综合征等非整倍体染色体异常的ADAM12-S水平的明显低于正常单胎孕妇,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论早孕期孕妇血清中ADAM12-S水平随孕周增加而上升,可用于非整倍体常染色体异常的筛查,预测胎停育、异位妊娠等早期妊娠丢失,可作为产前筛查指标。     

孕妇血清妊娠相关蛋白A检测及妊娠结局分析

目的探讨妊娠相关蛋白A(PAPP-A)作为血清标记物在孕早期产前筛查中应用的价值.方法用酶联免疫吸附法 (ELISA)测定孕 9～14周孕妇血清中PAPP-A浓度,检测结果低于正常下限值的孕妇视为胎儿染色体异常的高危人群,并对其进一步行羊水染色体检查及B超检查,每例受检的孕妇随访追踪到胎儿出生.结果共检测1380例9～14周单胎妊娠孕妇,筛查出PAPP-A低值的高危孕妇107例 ,确诊染色体异常 3例(2例21-三体,1例47,XXY ) ,高危组不良妊娠结局9例,筛查高危组与筛查低风险组不良妊娠结局比较有显著差异(χ2=39.36,P<0.01).结论 PAPP-A可作为孕早期染色体三体异常筛查的一个指标,对于PAPP-A低值的孕妇提示有不良妊娠结局的可能.     

Delayed coronary occlusion following primary successful angioplasty: Management and outcome

Summary The treatment of delayed coronary occlusion after primary successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is more difficult because surgical standby is often not available. The purpose of this study was to assess the therapeutic approaches and outcome of patients with delayed coronary occlusion from 30 to 180 minutes after successful PTCA. A delayed occlusion occurred in 18 (0.9%) (61±11 years; malen=14, femalen=4) out of 2065 consecutive patients after PTCA. In 11 patients the dilated stenoses were located in the left descending artery, while seven patients had the stenosis in the right coronary artery. Twelve patients had unstable or postinfarction angina. The time interval between completion of PTCA and the onset of chest pain was 64±39 minutes. Immediate i.v. nitroglycerin resulted in no relief of the symptoms in any patient. One patient was operated upon at once, and one was given i.v. thrombolysis resulting in pain relief and reversal of ECG changes. The remaining 16 patients returned initially to the catheterization laboratory, where the occluded vessels were opened by mechanical recanalization. Three of them remained in stable condition. Due to impending reocclusion surgery was necessary in four patients and thrombolysis was performed in nine. After thrombolysis the vessel remained open in four patients. The other five needed bypass surgery on the day of PTCA. Myocardial infarction developed in nine patients (maximal CK 673±488 units/l). In conclusion, delayed occlusion after successful PTCA is a rare complication occurring primarily in patients with unstable angina. Mechanical recanalization opened the occluded vessel in most patients, and myocardial infarction was prevented in 50%.Abbreviations PTCA percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty - CK creatine kinase - ECG electrocardiogramm - SD standard deviation     

关注肺炎支原体与不良妊娠结局研究

肺炎支原体（Mycoplasmapneumoniae，Mpn）是最早被认为与人类疾病相关的支原体。Mpn感染除引起上呼吸道感染、气管炎、肺炎和哮喘等肺部疾病外，并已发现心肌炎、心包炎、溶血性贫血、脑膜炎、关节炎和肾盂肾炎亦与Mpn感染相关近来，国内外学者从成人男女生殖道分离或检出到Mp     

Pattern and factors affecting the outcome of pregnancy in hypertensive patients

The pattern and factors affecting the outcome of pregnancy in hypertensive patients at the Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria between January 1997 and December 2002 were studied. There were 2,393 deliveries, with 127 (5.3%) patients fulfilling the criteria for hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. 26.2% had de-novo (gestational) hypertension, 19.7% had pre-eclampsia (PET) superimposed on chronic hypertension and 54.1% had PET/eclampsia. All patients with prepregnancy chronic hypertension had superimposed PET or eclampsia in this study. The PET/eclampsia group had the worst maternal and fetal outcomes as demonstrated by maternal mortality (6.1%), fetal mortality (36.4%), fetal respiratory distress (66.7%) and abruptio (6.1%). They also had more target organ damage (18.2%). 50.8% of these were categorized as high risk. Furthermore, patients in the PET/eclampsia group tended to be illiterate, attended antenatal clinic (ANC) less regularly and had more maternal and fetal adverse outcomes. Twenty percent of the patients had poorly controlled blood pressures (BP) at discharge, and only one out of five of the chronic hypertensive patients attended the medical hypertension clinic on discharge. These poor outcomes further emphasize the need for patient education; regular antenatal clinic attendance; prompt treatment of elevated BP; compliance with postnatal clinic follow-up, including medical outpatient care in these patients.