堆肥化技术对生活垃圾预处理效果的研究

研究的目的是探索垃圾综合处理中采用堆肥化工艺对高含水率和高有机物混合垃圾的发酵预处理作用。试验模拟生活垃圾高温好氧堆肥的过程,测定堆肥化过程中与预处理有关的性状变化指标。试验结果表明堆肥化过程对原生垃圾可以显著减量和降解有机物及降低含水率,同时可适度提高垃圾发热量和降低浸出液中氨氮浓度。堆肥预处理的应用在垃圾综合处理中将有助于提高焚烧效率,延长填埋场使用年限及降低渗滤液处理的难度。     

城市生活垃圾生物预处理技术及应用

本文提出了一种适合中国生活垃圾特点的生物预处理技术。实验研究了生物预处理的效果，建立了预处理过程工艺模型，对该技术的应用进行了费用——效益分析。分析预处理技术在国内多家大型垃圾处理厂的应用实例及处理效果。生活垃圾处理中应用生物预处理工艺将有助于提高焚烧效率，延长填埋场使用年限，降低渗滤液处理的难度，其综合经济指标优于没有采用预处理的传统垃圾处理方案。     

国外大学校园垃圾堆肥技术与应用

堆肥方法作为垃圾减量和资源化的重要途径之一,被越来越多的校园所采用。列举北美一些大学堆肥化处理有机垃圾的成功例子,介绍了校园堆肥的各种技术、具体操作方法、产品应用途径等,说明校园堆肥的意义和可行性。同时也为我国大学校园垃圾处理提供有益的参考。     

生活垃圾卫生填埋场设计建设中存在问题分析

生活垃圾卫生填埋场作为我国应用最广泛的垃圾处理工艺,是生活垃圾无害化的有效处理方法。结合生活垃圾卫生填埋场实际工程案例,综合分析设计建设过程中在工程选址、防渗处理、渗沥液处理、填埋气体收集处理等方面存在的问题,提出相应的解决方案及对策建议。     

塑料造粒在生活垃圾综合处理工程中的应用

阐述了国内外塑料回收利用现状及主要途径,并以某生活垃圾综合处理工程为例,介绍了塑料造粒系统的工艺流程及主要设备,通过对其三废控制和成本分析,得出生活垃圾综合处理工程中采用塑料造粒系统,不仅可以回收塑料、降低垃圾处理运行成本,同时还可以充分利用综合处理工程中的其他系统解决三废污染问题。     

上海市生活垃圾综合处理体系的构建

通过对城市生活垃圾综合处理的概念和要素及其内容的分析,旨在探索适合上海市生活垃圾综合处理体系;并探讨与之相适应的垃圾处理处置资源配置方案.     

生活垃圾堆肥化处理技术的新应用

生活垃圾堆肥化处理在我国主要是一种以生产农用堆肥目的的生活垃圾无害化处理方法，这种方法的推广也受到农用堆肥市场变化的影响。本文介绍了一种利用堆肥化方法对生活垃圾进行脱水和稳定处理从而获得较高热值可燃物的新应用，从而大大拓宽了堆肥化处理技术的应用范围。     

中山市市域垃圾处理设施建设布局研究

根据对中山市自然环境、经济概况、垃圾排放量及处理现状的分析,拟定４套垃圾处理设施建设布局方案,并进行经济技术比较和综合评价,最后确定方案Ⅲ为较优方案。     

重庆市城市生活垃圾综合处理技术的研究

通过对城市生活垃圾处理技术的分析研究,针对中国国情,提出了对城市生活垃圾进行综合处理的3种技术设计方案,其中两个设计方案已付诸实施。实践证明,生活垃圾采用综合技术处理比用单一技术处理,具有更佳的环境效益、社会效益、经济效益。     

厨余垃圾处理处置现状及技术应用分析

通过总结国内外厨余垃圾处理处置技术应用现状和发展方向,总结了适于厨余垃圾处理处置的技术方案,并通过分析处理处置技术存在问题,提出了解决各种技术现存问题的建议,为改善厨余垃圾的处理处置现状提供了方案性意见。     

北京市生活垃圾堆肥现状及存在问题分析

在综合分析北京市目前垃圾堆肥现状的基础上,深入系统地总结了限制堆肥发展的制约因素以及存在的问题,并提出了促进垃圾堆肥发展调控的技术对策和建议。表明限制垃圾堆肥发展的关键因素不仅是堆肥技术本身的不完善,更重要的是堆肥质量和市场问题。     

Feasibility of some treatments for improving the composting of municipal solid waste

During composting limited degradation of organic matter occurs due to the influence of various factors such as presence of lignin, resistant nature of cellulose, high temperature, etc. During windrow composting, temperature within the waste mass rises and limitation in degradability of organic matter, studies on composting in temperature range of 45-60 degrees C were carried out. With a view to observe the effect of pretreatment for improving composting, Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) was subjected to alkali treatment using lime, and ammonia gas circulation in the waste mass. In practice aerobic condition within the windrow is ensured by turning/mixing the waste 5-6 times during the composting period. In the present study to find out the extent of aerobic condition, the waste mass was composted in the masony brick tank which was provided with honeycomb opening from all the sides. Similarly composting was also carried out on perforated false bottom. Various parameters such as fermentable organic substance (FOS), carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio and temperature were monitored for the waste mass undergoing composting. The study reveals that experiments with aeration from bottom as well as surface followed by alkaline treatment give better composting performance.     

城市生活垃圾处理现状及发展趋势

目的：论述了垃圾处理现状及存在的问题,为管理者和工程技术人员提供参考。方法：用系统工程方法比较了卫生填埋、堆肥及焚烧的技术经济指标,介绍了我国生活垃圾的产量及成分,分析了垃圾处理技术的发展方向。结论：应重视收运系统和卫生填埋场的建设。     

三氧治疗对鼻咽癌放疗患者血清HIF-1α和VEGF水平的影响

目的探讨三氧治疗对鼻咽癌放疗患者血清HIF-1α和VEGF水平的影响。方法 40例鼻咽癌患者随机分为三氧联合调强放疗组(实验组)和调强放疗组(对照组),每组20例。应用ELISA法检测两组治疗前、中、后的HIF-1α和VEGF水平。结果实验组治疗后HIF-1α与治疗前相比差异无统计学意义(p>0.05),治疗后VEGF低于治疗前水平(p<0.05)。对照组治疗后HIF-1α和VEGF均高于治疗前,具有显著统计学差异(p<0.01)。实验组治疗后HIF-1α和VEGF均低于对照组,且具有显著统计学差异(p<0.01)。结论三氧治疗可降低鼻咽癌放疗患者血清HIF-1α和VEGF水平。     

城市生活垃圾好氧堆肥通风系统设计

探讨了在城市生活垃圾好氧堆肥化生产过程中通风方式选择、通风量计算和风机选择、通风控制方法的确定。并结合工程实例进一步说明堆肥过程中通风量的变化。     

Desalinated underground seawater of Jeju Island (Korea) improves lipid metabolism in mice fed diets containing high fat and increases antioxidant potential in t-BHP treated HepG2 cells

This study was performed to investigate the effect of desalinated underground seawater (named as ''magma seawater'', MSW) of Jeju Island in Korea on lipid metabolism and antioxidant activity. MSW was collected from underground of Han-Dong in Jeju Island, and freely given to high fat diet (HFD)-fed C57BL/6 mice for 10 weeks. Although there were no significant differences in the body weight changes and plasma lipid levels, hepatic triglyceride levels were significantly lower in the MSW group than in the normal tap water (TW)-drunken control group. Furthermore, the activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS) was significantly decreased and carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) activity was increased in MSW group compared to TW group. Similarly, real-time PCR analysis revealed that mRNA expressions of lipogenic genes were lowered in MSW groups compared to the control group. In a morphometric observation on the liver tissue, accumulation of fats was remarkably reduced in MSW group. Meanwhile, in vitro assay, free radical scavenging activity measured by using diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was increased in MSW group. The 2''-7''-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) staining followed with fluorescent microscopy showed a low intensity of fluorescence in MSW-treated HepG2 cells, compared to TW-treated HepG2 cells, which indicated that the production of reactive oxygen species by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) in HepG2 cells was decreased by MSW treatment. The antioxidant effect of MSW on t-BHP-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells was supported by the increased activities of intracellular antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and glutathione reductase. From these results, we speculate that MSW has an inhibitory effect on lipogenesis in liver and might play a protective role against cell damage by t-BHP-induced oxidative stress.     

Survey of toxicants and nutrients in composted waste materials

Currently, there is much activity in composting yard wastes (leaves, twigs, grass), sewage sludge and portions of municipal solid wastes (MSW) in the United States. The resultant compost is typically applied to agricultural or recreational land. A nationwide analytical survey was therefore conducted of 21 toxic and nutrient elements, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and gamma emission in 26 composts sampled nationwide in 1991. Those composts produced solely from sludge or MSW tended to be higher in metals such as Cd, Cu, Hg, and Zn as compared to totally yard waste compost. Molybdenum, P and Se were higher in composted sewage sludge and Na and Pb in composted MSW than in yard waste compost. PCBs and gamma emission were low or not detectable in most compost samples. Shards of metal and glass found particularly in MSW-containing composts would detract from its application especially in recreational areas. References dealing with the reactions of metals in composts and environmental effects of compost application to land are cited.     

凝血及纤溶相关因子改变与重度子痫前期发病的关系研究

目的探讨凝血前状态患者P-选择素(GMP-140)、D-二聚体(D-D)等因子改变与重度子痫前期发生的关系。方法选择孕20～36w的孕妇200例,按初选孕周分为4组,定期检测其外周血血小板(PLT)、P-选择素(GMP-140)、D-二聚体(D-D)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)含量及凝血酶原时间(PT)和部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)。连续两次测定两项及以上指标异常者为高危孕妇,并随机分为两亚组,治疗组采用肝素及丹参静滴,对照组以生理盐水静滴,动态观察血凝系统指标,分析其发病情况。结果重度子痫前期患者PLT、PT、APTT值明显降低(P0.05),其血浆中GMP-140及D-D浓度明显高于对照组(P0.05)。以GMP-140≥68.0lg/L和D-D≥0.28mg/L为预测值,在1组阳性预测值、阴性预测值、特异性和灵敏性4项指标分别为55.5%、78.1%、51.3%、81.2%,2组分别是82.1%、79.3%、68.2%、84.4%,3组分别是85.3%、83.1%、76.4%、85.3%,4组分别是87.2%、89.1%、80.8%、90.6%。治疗组重度子痫前期发生率为7.50%,对照组为17.76%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论凝血前状态GMP-140和D-D异常改变与子痫前期发生密切相关,有望成为子痫前期的良好预测指标,肝素及丹参治疗有效。     

浅析城市垃圾处理工程建设的融资模式

介绍了垃圾处理工程建设的国际主要融资模式,分析了我国城市垃圾处理工程中实行BOT模式应注意的问题,提出了政府在采用BOT模式的对策建议.