生姜汁擦背治咳嗽

要问孩子冬季最容易生什么病,大多数家长会说是咳嗽。咳嗽包括风热咳嗽、风寒咳嗽食积咳嗽等,而冬季孩子最常见的咳嗽是寒咳嗽和食积咳嗽。风寒咳嗽很容易判断,那就是因为孩子受凉了,典型症状是流清水鼻涕、咯痰清稀、痰白稀薄、舌苔白。教家长一个小方法——生姜汁擦背,具体方法如下：用生姜榨汁,以生姜与温水为1：     

咳嗽

咳嗽是一种症状，可因许多疾病引起。中医将它分为内伤咳嗽和外感咳嗽。对于外感咳嗽，中医又有风热、风寒、燥热咳嗽之分.     

抗菌药可以治咳嗽吗

咳嗽是机体的防御反射,有利于清除呼吸道分泌物、气道内异物和其他有害因子。但频繁剧烈的咳嗽对患者的工作、生活和社会活动会造成严重的影响。咳嗽可使呼吸道内感染扩散,剧烈的咳嗽可导致呼吸道出血。甚至诱发气胸等。咳嗽病因繁多且涉及面广。按照病程,咳嗽可分为急性咳嗽、亚急性咳嗽、慢性咳嗽三类,病程小于3周的为急性咳嗽,病程在3—8周的为亚急性咳嗽,病程超过8周的属慢性咳嗽。     

25例呼吸科住院患者24小时咳嗽监测及特征分析

目的:应用便携式咳嗽监测仪监测呼吸科常见病住院患者客观咳嗽状况。方法:在医院呼吸科10月住院患者中选取25例,采用自行研发的便携式咳嗽监测仪进行24小时咳嗽状况监测。结果:呼吸科常见病中COPD患者平均咳嗽136次/24小时,咳嗽多为6:00～9:00;支气管哮喘患者平均咳嗽127.3次/24小时,咳嗽多为4:00～8:00;支气管扩张患者平均咳嗽168.8次/24小时,咳嗽多为8:00～11:00;肺癌患者平均咳嗽82.2次/24小时、肺部感染患者平均咳嗽160.8次/24小时,两者大部分时间均有咳嗽且个体差异较大。结论:呼吸科住院患者常见病咳嗽各有其特征,咳嗽监测仪有望用于辅助临床诊断和疗效评估。     

单方治病 咳嗽

咳嗽是一种症状,可因许多疾病引起。中医将它分为内伤咳嗽和外感咳嗽。对于外感咳嗽,中医又有风热、风寒、燥热咳嗽之分。1.风热咳嗽:发热,口干咽痛,咳吐稠痰。     

中医对慢性咳嗽的六经辨证认识

慢性咳嗽为临床常见病,按传统分为外感咳嗽与内伤咳嗽,当前临床治疗常用脏腑辨证,而六经辨证治疗咳嗽也有特色。本文论述了六经辨证在论治咳嗽的应用,阐释太阳病、少阳病、阳明病、太阴病、少阴病以及厥阴病六经病咳嗽的临床症状特点、与他经合病规律以及依据六经辨证指导下经方在治疗咳嗽中的应用。     

咳嗽咯痰

药监博士：感冒发热常常伴有咳嗽和咯痰.明明：咳嗽可难受了,有一次我整整咳了一晚上,第二天无精打采.药监博士：咳嗽、咯痰是呼吸系统疾病的一种临床表现.许多疾病如感冒、流感、鼻炎、胸膜炎等都会引起咳嗽,咳嗽时将痰咯出就是咯痰.     

儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘与感染后咳嗽比较分析

目的研究鉴别诊断咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)与感染后咳嗽的影响因素。方法分析144例咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿和52例感染后咳嗽患儿的临床资料。结果 144例CVA患儿和52例感染后咳嗽患儿比较,在性别、是否夜间咳嗽、是否活动后咳嗽加重及湿疹史等方面,两组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组年龄、咳嗽时间及肺功能实验严重程度方面比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 CVA高发年龄为3~6岁,而感染后咳嗽高发年龄为3~6岁组和>6岁。气道反应性增高是CVA的危险因素。     

蜜制杠板归对昆明小鼠的镇咳实验研究

目的 研究杠板归蜜制后镇咳作用.方法 采用浓氨水致昆明小鼠咳嗽实验,观察记录对照组、生药组、炮制组与阳性组小鼠咳嗽潜伏期及咳嗽开始后3min内的咳嗽次数,利用SPSS 19.0对数据进行处理,研究蜜制杠板归对镇咳作用的影响.结果 杠板归蜜制后,其对浓氨水刺激小鼠咳嗽潜伏期明显延长,开始咳嗽后3 min内的咳嗽次数明显减少.结论 杠板归蜜制炮制后镇咳作用明显提高.     

治咳,先止咳还是先祛痰

一提到咳嗽,很多人首先想到的就是"镇咳"。其实,"镇咳不等于止咳"。"镇咳"有时候会把痰液"堵"在呼吸道里,咳嗽当然治不好。治咳嗽,需要科学用药。咳嗽分"干湿"根据咳嗽持续时间,成人咳嗽通常被分为3类:咳嗽持续时间小于3周,被称为急性咳嗽;咳嗽持续3~8周,称为亚急性咳嗽;咳嗽持续时间大于8周,称为慢性咳嗽。按照是否伴有咯痰,咳嗽又可分为     

Central mechanisms IV: conscious control of cough and the placebo effect

Early animal experiments on cough developed the concept that cough was an involuntary reflex controlled from areas in the brainstem and that cough could be inhibited by centrally acting medicines such as codeine. Studies on the voluntary control of cough, the urge to cough and the placebo effect of cough medicines have demonstrated that human cough is more complex than a brainstem reflex. The efficacy and mechanism of action of centrally acting cough medicines such as codeine and dextromethorphan is now in dispute, and codeine is no longer accepted as a gold-standard antitussive. This review puts forward a cough model that includes three types of cough: (1) reflex cough, caused by the presence of food or fluid in the airway--this type of cough is not under conscious control and can occur in the unconscious subject during general anaesthesia; (2) voluntary cough--under conscious control that is abolished with general anaesthesia; (3) cough in response to sensation of airway irritation--this type of cough causes an urge to cough that initiates voluntary cough and may only be present in the conscious subject. The review proposes that human cough associated with respiratory disease is under conscious control and is mainly related to a sensation of airway irritation and an urge to cough (type 3). The review discusses the summation of sensory input from the airway in a brainstem integrator that reaches a threshold to cause reflex cough. Subthreshold conditions in the cough integrator may be perceived as an urge to cough that is under voluntary control. The cough model presented in the review has implications for the development of cough medicines as it indicates that the older view of cough medicines acting in the brainstem area to inhibit the cough reflex may need to be revised to include conscious control of cough as an important mechanism of cough in man.     

澳特斯小儿止咳露镇咳祛痰疗效与安全性

目的:评价澳特斯小儿止咳露镇咳祛痰疗效及不良反应.方法:采用随机双盲对照试验,对62例有中度以上咳嗽的2～14岁患儿进行治疗,以博士小儿止咳露为对照药.试验组31例,对照组31例,按年龄给予不同的口服剂量,连用3～7d.观察受试者咳嗽、痰量等变化.结果:试验组临床有效率为80.6%,对照组为77.4%,差异无显著性.2组患儿均未发生不良反应.结论:澳特斯小儿止咳露与博士小儿止咳露的临床效果相似.     

Evaluation of Antitussive Agents in Man

Methodology to evaluate the efficacy of antitussive drugs rely largely on subjective methods and cough counts. There are few studies in cough due to natural disease especially using objective techniques. This paper presents data from a series of randomized, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trials in cough due to both chronic bronchopulmonary disease and acute upper respiratory tract infections. In these studies, cough was quantified using a standardized and validated computerized system for the acquisition and multidimensional analysis of the cough sound. Key objective parameters like cough counts, intensity, latency and total effort expended were studied. Guaiphenesin and bromhexine showed significant expectorant effects in patients with productive cough due to chronic bronchopulmonary disease. Differences were observed in speed of action, and objective and subjective measures, that probably indicate differences in drug action. More recently, three studies evaluated the antitussive drug dextromethorphan in non-productive cough due to uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infections. Reproducible cough suppressant effects were demonstrated after a single 30 mg dose using objective measures of cough counts, latency and total effort. These results establish the sensitivity and robustness of the cough quantitation methodology in the objective evaluation of cough treatments.     

小儿慢性咳嗽临床分析

目的探讨儿童慢性咳嗽的病因,为治疗提供依据。方法对196例慢性咳嗽患儿的临床特点进行回顾,分析引起小儿慢性咳嗽的病因。对所有病例均详细询问病史、查体、常规拍胸片、酌情进行耳鼻喉科检查、鼻窦X线片、过敏原测定、24h食管pH监测、肺功能、肺CT等检查。结果呼吸道感染或感染后咳嗽,上气道咳嗽综合症,胃食管返流性咳嗽占小儿慢性咳嗽的50%。而7.6%的慢性咳嗽由多种原因所致。年龄不同,慢性咳嗽的病因不同。结论慢性咳嗽病因复杂,应针对不同年龄进行针对性检查,尽量明确病因,有针对性的治疗。     

134例慢性咳嗽病因及诊治分析

目的探讨慢性咳嗽的常见原因,寻找有效的治疗方法。方法通过询问病史、体格检查、胸部X线检查、肺功能、食道24hpH值监测等检查,回顾分析笔者所在科室收治的134例慢性咳嗽患者的临床资料。结果主要病因为咳嗽变异性哮喘55例(41.04%),其次是鼻后滴流综合征24例(17.91%),胃食管反流性咳嗽23例(17.16%),嗜酸性粒细胞性支气管炎11例(8.21%),变应性咳嗽4例(2.99%),ACEI诱发的咳嗽4例(2.99%),心理性咳嗽3例(2.24%),支气管内膜结核3例(2.24%),不明原因咳嗽7例(5.22%)。均予对症治疗,取得满意疗效。结论慢性咳嗽要查明原因,拓宽思路,采用分步诊断程序,针对病因进行治疗,避免盲目使用抗生素。     

Assessment of the Antitussive Efficacy of Codeine in Cough Associated with Common Cold

Codeine is generally accepted as the standard antitussive against which new antitussive medications are compared. This presents a problem because the support for codeine's antitussive activity comes from studies on cough in animals, and chronic and induced cough models in man, whereas antitussives are almost exclusively used for the treatment of cough associated with acute upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). The aims of this study were twofold. Firstly, to study the antitussive efficacy of codeine in cough associated with URTI and, secondly, to validate a sound meter as tool for quantifying cough. The efficacy of codeine was assessed in a double-blind, stratified, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, clinical trial using three different measures of cough: cough sound-pressure levels (CSPLs) measured on a sound meter; subjective scores of cough severity; and cough frequency recorded by means of a microphone connected to an ink-pen recorder. A group of 82 subjects (51 females and 31 males; mean age 23.5 years, range 18–46 years) with cough owing to acute URTI were included in the study. The study took place on two separate study days. On study day 1 cough measurements were made before and 90 min after treatment with a single dose of either 50 mg codeine or matched placebo in capsule form. The same three measures of cough were repeated 2–5 days later (study day 2). On study day 1 a highly significant (P < 0.0001) decrease in all three measures of cough was found after treatment with both placebo and codeine yet there was no significant difference between the treatment groups. A highly significant (P < 0·0001) decrease in the three measures of cough was also found between days 1 and 2. The results demonstrate that codeine is no more effective than placebo in reducing cough associated with acute URTI, as measured by CSPLs, cough frequency or subjective symptom scores. This result might be explained on the basis of two central pathways for cough; a reflex pathway via the brain-stem which is sensitive to codeine and a voluntary pathway via the cortex which is unaffected by codeine. The results also demonstrate that the sound-level meter appears to be a potentially useful investigative tool for the assessment of cough and antitussive efficacy.     

儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘62例临床分析

目的：探讨儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘的临床特点和治疗效果。方法：选择本院2007年9月～2009年9月咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿62例,分析其临床表现、体检、实验室检查、误诊情况。全部患儿诊断明确后,立即给予抗哮喘治疗：雾化吸入布地奈德混悬液、给予复方异丙托溴氨、氯雷他定;怀疑患儿有支原体感染,可加用阿奇霉素;对于重症儿童要同时吸入沙丁胺醇等。结果：本组患儿实施治疗后,其中有42例患儿治疗5d内咳嗽消失;13例患儿用药3d后咳嗽明显减轻,但用药7d咳嗽消失;7例患儿用药7d咳嗽减轻,口服泼尼松每天1mg/kg,每天2次,14d内患儿咳嗽症状消失。结论：儿童慢性咳嗽时要排除咳嗽变异性哮喘,一旦确诊为咳嗽变异性哮喘,要根据哮喘的治疗原则进行规范化治疗,降低哮喘的发生率。     

慢性咳嗽146例病因分析

目的探讨慢性咳嗽的病因构成。方法对146例慢性咳嗽患者询问病史,体检,行胸部X线及CT、肺功能、胃镜、副鼻窦拍片、痰细胞学分类等检查,根据检查结果和治疗反应确定病因诊断。结果146例患者中明确诊断136例,确诊率93．2％;病因分布：咳嗽变异性哮喘45例（30．3％）,鼻后滴漏综合征27例（18．5％）,胃食管反流性咳嗽21例（14．4％）,感染后咳嗽16例（10．9％）,嗜酸细胞性支气管炎13例（8．9％）,药物性咳嗽10例（6．8％）,心理源性咳嗽4例（2．7％）,病因未明10例（6．8％）。结论慢性咳嗽病因复杂,予以特异性治疗效果好,故明确病因是治疗的关键。     

中西药治疗攀西地区亚急性咳嗽的疗效对比观察

目的观察中西药治疗攀西地区亚急性咳嗽的临床疗效。方法将225例亚急性咳嗽患者随机分为中药组115例和西药组110例,其中每组又分为感染后咳嗽亚组、咳嗽变异性哮喘亚组及细菌性鼻窦炎亚组。中药组予以自拟润肺止咳汤口服治疗,西药组予以泼尼松及复方可待因治疗。观察2组治疗后咳嗽症状积分情况。结果治疗后,2组感染后咳嗽亚组咳嗽症状积分均低于治疗前,且中药组低于西药组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);治疗后,西药组咳嗽变异型哮喘亚组咳嗽症状积分低于治疗前,且西药组低于中药组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组细菌性鼻窦炎亚组治疗前后咳嗽症状积分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论应据患者不同病症情况给予不同药物治疗,以取得更好的治疗效果。