孤独症谱系障碍儿童常见共患病研究进展

孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)是一组发生于生命早期的神经发育障碍性疾病,ASD儿童常伴有注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)、癫痫、睡眠障碍、胃肠道问题、免疫异常、焦虑、情感障碍等共患病,本文重点对目前研究较多的ASD共患ADHD、癫痫、睡眠障碍、胃肠道问题,分别从流行病学特点、对ASD儿童临床症状的影响、治疗方法方面进行综述。     

儿童孤独症谱系障碍的眼动追踪研究进展

孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)是一组以社会交往障碍、言语和非言语交流障碍、狭隘兴趣与刻板行为为主要特征的神经发育障碍性疾病。眼神注视的异常是ASD的临床表现之一,也是ASD儿童早期出现的行为学标记,随着眼动追踪技术的不断发展,眼动成为ASD领域的研究热点。现就ASD儿童的眼动特征以及眼动追踪技术在ASD早期识别、诊断以及干预中的相关研究进行综述。     

孤独症谱系障碍的神经免疫学研究进展

孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)是一组以持续的社会沟通及社会交往缺失和限制性的、重复的行为模式为特征的疾病谱。ASD病因及发病机制至今不明,宫内感染和出生后神经系统发育早期多种感染后可造成ASD发病的增加。病理学与血清学研究结果表明在ASD患者中神经免疫细胞、免疫分子和免疫系统相关基因存在分布、数量和结构的异常,而引起神经免疫功能失调和异常激活的免疫应答。目前神经免疫系统功能紊乱被认为可能与ASD发病存在明显相关性。亦有免疫治疗研究有效的报道。本综述立足于ASD神经免疫学领域研究,介绍了ASD的免疫学治疗方法,为ASD的治疗提供了新的思路。     

肠道菌群与孤独症谱系障碍的研究进展

孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种主要症状为社会交往障碍、重复刻板行为及狭隘兴趣为特征的神经发育障碍性疾病。病因极为复杂,目前集中在遗传及环境因素两大方面。由于发病机制不明,尚无有效的治疗方法。随着对ASD研究的深入,发现ASD患儿普遍存在胃肠道疾病及肠道菌群的改变。最近的研究显示,肠道神经系统和中枢神经系统之间存在双向互动,称之为微生物-肠-脑轴。肠道菌群通过神经内分泌、神经免疫和肠道神经系统调控大脑功能,进而影响大脑发育和行为。故肠道菌群的失衡可能与ASD的发生有关。本文将总结至今肠道菌群对ASD的作用和相关治疗进展。     

孤独症谱系障碍的事件相关电位研究进展

孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD)病因未明,神经心理学认为其功能障碍在大脑存在特异的神经环路及代偿机制。事件相关电位(event-related potential,ERP)作为重要的神经心理学实验工具在ASD的早期神经标记及内表型研究中具有独特的优势,甚至可能为早期发现提供线索。本文主要从视知觉、听知觉和执行功能三个方面综述ASD相关的ERP研究进展。     

环境因素与孤独症谱系障碍关系的研究进展

孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)是一组起病于儿童早期的神经发育障碍性疾病,是遗传学、免疫学、表观遗传学和环境等多因素共同作用的结果。近年来,环境因素成为国内外ASD发病机制研究的热点,故本文对与ASD发病相关的环境因素进行综述。     

类固醇激素与孤独症谱系障碍的相关性研究进展

孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)是一类起源于婴幼儿时期的神经发育障碍性疾病。类固醇激素可能通过影响儿童的神经-精神发育而参与ASD发病。本文对常见的类固醇激素与ASD之间关系作一综述。     

环境污染物暴露与儿童自闭症的研究进展

自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种神经发育障碍性疾病,主要表现为社交和沟通障碍、兴趣狭窄、重复性及刻板行为,导致儿童的记忆、思维和学习能力缺陷。近年来,ASD的发病率明显增加。环境污染物如重金属、持久性有机污染物与空气污染物等在ASD发病中可能发挥的作用逐渐引起了广泛关注。本文回顾了铅、汞、镉、砷、部分持续性有机污染物、空气污染和农药等常见环境污染物与ASD关系的现有研究成果,并就目前环境污染物和ASD发病的相关机制(包括氧化应激、神经胶质细胞改变、突触结构功能改变等)进行论述,以期对ASD有更深入的认识,并提供新的研究窗口。     

儿童及青少年孤独症谱系障碍漏误诊研究进展

孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)是一组神经发育障碍性疾病,表现为严重程度不一的社会交流交往障碍、重复刻板行为及兴趣范围狭窄.ASD已成为我国儿童及青少年精神疾病致残的重要原因之一,早期干预有利于患儿的预后.然而,ASD的诊断常存在漏诊和误诊现象,本文综合以往研究,分析ASD漏诊和误诊的表现类型及原因,探讨可能的应对措施.     

维生素D在孤独症谱系障碍中作用机制的研究进展

孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种神经发育障碍性疾病,目前发病机制尚不明确,也没有确切有效的治疗措施。近年来许多研究表明维生素D对脑发育及ASD的发生发展有重要意义,本文将对近年来维生素D在ASD中作用机制的研究进展作一综述。     

Gluten and Autism Spectrum Disorder

An expanding body of literature is examining connections between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and dietary interventions. While a number of specialist diets have been suggested as beneficial in ASD, gluten has received particularly close attention as a potentially exacerbating factor. Reports exist suggesting a beneficial effect of the gluten-free diet (GFD) in ameliorating behavioural and intellectual problems associated with ASD, while epidemiological research has also shown a comorbidity between ASD and coeliac disease. However, both caregivers and clinicians have expressed an uncertainty of the value of people with ASD going gluten-free, and as the GFD otherwise receives considerable public attention a discussion which focuses specifically on the interaction between ASD and gluten is warranted. In this review we discuss the historical context of ASD and gluten-related studies, and expand this to include an overview of epidemiological links, hypotheses of shared pathological mechanisms, and ultimately the evidence around the use and adoption of the GFD in people with ASD.     

The Brain-Gut-Microbiome System: Pathways and Implications for Autism Spectrum Disorder

Gastrointestinal dysfunction is one of the most prevalent physiological symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A growing body of largely preclinical research suggests that dysbiotic gut microbiota may modulate brain function and social behavior, yet little is known about the mechanisms that underlie these relationships and how they may influence the pathogenesis or severity of ASD. While various genetic and environmental risk factors have been implicated in ASD, this review aims to provide an overview of studies elucidating the mechanisms by which gut microbiota, associated metabolites, and the brain interact to influence behavior and ASD development, in at least a subgroup of individuals with gastrointestinal problems. Specifically, we review the brain-gut-microbiome system and discuss findings from current animal and human studies as they relate to social-behavioral and neurological impairments in ASD, microbiota-targeted therapies (i.e., probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation) in ASD, and how microbiota may influence the brain at molecular, structural, and functional levels, with a particular interest in social and emotion-related brain networks. A deeper understanding of microbiome-brain-behavior interactions has the potential to inform new therapies aimed at modulating this system and alleviating both behavioral and physiological symptomatology in individuals with ASD.     

肠道微生物及其代谢产物与孤独症谱系障碍的研究进展

目前,孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)病因和表现的潜在机制仍然知之甚少。越来越多的研究表明,肠道微生物及其代谢产物(如短链脂肪酸、γ-氨基丁酸等)的改变可能与ASD的发病有关。因此,本文将ASD儿童肠道微生物和代谢物的变化及机制的相关研究进行综述,分析ASD儿童和健康儿童之间可能存在的肠道微生物与代谢产物的差异及联系,以探讨肠道微生物及其代谢物的变化对ASD患儿的影响,为ASD的诊断和治疗提供一些新的思路。     

维生素D在孤独症谱系障碍中作用机制的研究进展

孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)是一种神经发育障碍性疾病,目前发病机制尚不明确,也没有确切有效的治疗措施。近年来许多研究表明维生素D对脑发育及ASD的发生发展有重要意义,本文将对近年来维生素D在ASD中作用机制的研究进展作一综述。     

Autism spectrum disorders: toward a gendered embodiment model

One of the most consistent observations in the epidemiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is the preponderance of male cases. A few hypotheses have been put forth which attempt to explain this divergence in terms of sex-linked biology, with limited success. Feminist epidemiologists suggest the importance of investigating specific mechanisms for male-female differences in health outcomes, which may include sex-linked biology and/or gender relations, as well as complex biosocial interactions. Neither domain has been systematically investigated for autism, and the possible role of gender has been particularly neglected. In this article, we posit hypotheses about how social processes based on perception of persons as male or female, particularly patterns of social and physical interaction in early development, may affect the observed occurrence and diagnosis of ASD. We gesture toward an embodiment model, incorporating hypotheses about initial biological vulnerabilities to autism--which may or may not be differentially distributed in relation to sex biology--and their interactions with gender relations, which are demonstrably different for male and female infants. Toward building such a model, we first review the epidemiology of ASD with an eye toward male-female differences, then present a theory of gender as a "pervasive developmental environment" with relevance for the excess burden of autism among males. Finally, we suggest research strategies to further investigate this issue.     

食物过敏对孤独症谱系障碍的影响及机制研究

孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)在近年来发病率不断上升,引起人们的广泛关注。目前已有研究表明,过敏性疾病与孤独症谱系障碍之间关系密切,而食物过敏作为一种常见的过敏性疾病,与孤独症谱系障碍也存在联系。本文通过查阅相关文献,就食物过敏对孤独症谱系障碍的影响及相关机制研究进展进行综述,为探索孤独症谱系障碍的病因及治疗方法提供帮助。     

电压门控钙通道编码基因在孤独症谱系障碍中的研究进展

孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)是一类以社交障碍和兴趣狭窄为共同症状的广泛性神经发育障碍,发病机制主要与遗传因素有关,研究ASD易感基因是现今国内外医学领域的热点.电压门控钙离子通道(VGCC)对调控神经元动作电位的产生和神经递质的释放等至关重要.目前VGCC的10种亚型均被发现与ASD相关.本文主要综述了编码VGCC的10种...     

孤独症谱系障碍患儿家庭干预模式及效果的现状回顾

随着孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)患病率的不断提高,一系列的干预模式应运而生,为ASD患儿的预后空间不断地创造新的可能性,其中家庭介导的干预模式越来越受到重视。然而,目前国内正规而系统的家庭干预模式尚比较欠缺,所以,本文对国内外常见的ASD患儿家庭干预模式及效果进行了系统回顾,重点阐述了国外的多种干预模式,希望对今后国内的家庭干预模式提供一定的指导方向。     

孤独症谱系障碍合并躯体感觉障碍的神经生物学机制研究

躯体感觉障碍是指躯体感觉系统对来自皮肤和深层组织的刺激感知和处理过程出现异常,是孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)的核心症状之一,严重影响患儿社交、沟通、适应等技能发展和预后.查阅文献,关于躯体感觉障碍的研究非常多,但ASD与躯体感觉障碍之间的产生机制仍不完全清楚.由此,本文将综述躯体感觉障碍的神经生物学机制,进一步分析已知的A...