MRI在舌鳞癌与舌淋巴瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断中的应用

目的 研究舌鳞癌和舌淋巴瘤的MRI影像学征象,探讨MRI在舌鳞癌与舌淋巴瘤的诊断与鉴别诊断中的应用.方法 回顾性分析经手术病理证实为舌鳞癌和舌淋巴瘤共39例患者术前MR影像资料和临床资料.结果 舌鳞癌表现为好发于舌体舌周缘的肿块,局部舌黏膜破坏;舌弥漫大B细胞淋巴瘤表现为好发于舌根部的黏膜下信号均匀的肿块,局部黏膜多完整;舌NK/T细胞淋巴瘤表现为舌弥漫性肿大,信号不均,边界模糊.结论 舌部肿瘤检查首选MRI;舌淋巴瘤和舌鳞癌的MRI征象及好发部位有区别,所以MRI不仅可以诊断舌肿瘤,还能对舌鳞癌及舌淋巴瘤的鉴别诊断提供非常有价值的影像信息.     

消化道类癌的影像学诊断

目的:探讨消化道类癌的影像表现特点。方法:总结13例影像学检查资料完整并经手术病理证实的消化道类癌病例,检查方法包括消化道造影、CT和MRI检查。结果:13例肿瘤位于胃2例、十二指肠4例、阑尾1例、直肠6例。肿瘤直径小于2cm者8例,大于2cm者5例,最大者直径8cm。影像表现特点包括腔内占位病变、管腔变窄、管壁僵硬等。结论:消化道类癌在影像上的表现因缺少特异性而使得定性诊断困难,影像检查的目的是发现病灶、做出定位诊断、发现有无转移等异常,最后诊断仍需结合其它临床检查资料和病理检查。     

原发性小肠神经内分泌肿瘤的CT表现

目的 探讨原发性小肠神经内分泌肿瘤的CT表现.方法 回顾性分析经病理证实的11例原发性小肠神经内分泌肿瘤的临床及CT表现.结果 病变位于十二指肠6例,空肠2例,回肠3例.病变表现为肠壁或肠腔内结节或肿块6例、肠管壁局限性增厚3例、肿块伴局部肠管壁增厚2例;最大径1.3~7.1 cm,平均2.8 cm.CT平扫8例为均匀软组织密度,3例为软组织密度伴小片稍低密度,均未见钙化;动脉期明显强化者8例,中等强化者3例,强化不均者7例,强化均匀者4例;门脉期较动脉期强化减低8例,强化增高3例.腹膜后或腹腔淋巴结转移2例;肝内、外胆管及胰管扩张2例.结论 小肠神经内分泌肿瘤具有一定的CT特征,CT表现有一定的诊断及鉴别诊断价值.     

CT、MRI在附睾肿块诊断中的应用价值

 目的 探讨附睾肿块的临床特点和CT、MRI表现.方法 回顾性分析42例经手术病理证实的附睾肿块的临床表现和CT、MRI特点.结果 附睾囊肿13例,附睾非特异性炎性肿块11例,结核8例,精子性肉芽肿4例,平滑肌瘤2例,纤维假瘤1例,腺瘤样瘤3例;附睾囊肿及结核的影像表现有一定特征性;MRI对于附睾炎性肿块、平滑肌瘤、纤维假瘤的诊断有较大帮助.结论 附睾肿块大多为良性病变;正确认识附睾肿块的CT、MRI表现,对附睾肿块的早期诊断及治疗有较高的临床价值,少数附睾肿块缺乏影像特征性,依赖病理确诊.     

腮腺病变的影像分析

目的 进一步提高对腮腺病变影像表现的认识.资料与方法 搜集29例经CT和MRI检查的腮腺病变,分析其影像表现.结果 腮腺疾病影像表现主要分为3类:(1)局限性肿块23例;(2)弥漫性肿块3例,均为恶性肿瘤;(3)弥漫性肿大但非肿块者3例,2例为腮腺炎,1例为腮腺颌面海绵状血管瘤.腮腺局部单发肿块中,良性肿瘤15例,仅1例边缘不清,而4例恶性肿瘤中的3例肿块边缘不清,两者有显著性差异(P=0.01).腮腺混合瘤多较大,平均直径4.3 cm,而腺样淋巴瘤平均直径2.3 cm,两者有显著性差异(t =2.737,P=0.02).结论 根据影像学表现,结合临床,多数腮腺病变可做出正确诊断.     

乳腺MRI在X线检查乳腺阴性腋淋巴结转移癌阳性患者中的应用价值

目的 探讨乳腺MR检查对临床乳腺触诊和X线检查均为阴性的腋淋巴结转移癌患者寻找其乳腺内原发病灶的应用价值.方法 分析33例以腋淋巴结转移癌为首诊表现(临床乳腺触诊和X线检查均为阴性)患者的乳腺MR影像资料,依据美国放射学会的乳腺影像报告和数据系统MRI标准对所有病变进行分析,并将MRI诊断结果与病理进行对照.结果 33例腋淋巴结转移癌患者中,30例临床行乳腺根治术,其中17例经病理证实为乳腺癌,乳腺MRI检出其中的16例,包括10例肿块性病变和6例非肿块性病变,肿块性病变直径0.5～2.6 cm(平均1.5 cm),直径≤1.5 cm者6例;非肿块性病变包括4例导管性强化和2例段性强化;另1例病理切片发现乳腺癌但乳腺MRI为阴性.其余13例行乳腺根治术患者病理检查未发现乳腺癌灶,其中9例乳腺MRI亦呈阴性表现,另4例MRI提示可疑癌灶.余3例临床未行手术治疗的患者,乳腺MRI亦为阴性.以病理诊断为金标准,MR检出乳腺原发癌灶的敏感度、特异度和准确度分别为94.1%、69.2%和83.3%.结论 相对于一般乳腺癌而言,隐匿性乳腺癌MRI表现更以小灶性的肿块性病变和导管或段性强化的非肿块性病变为常见表现类型.乳腺MR检查对隐匿性乳腺癌的检出具有较高的敏感度和准确度,应作为这类患者的常规检查手段.     

原发性肛管直肠恶性黑色素瘤的CT和MRI表现

目的：探讨原发性肛管一直肠恶性黑色素瘤（AMM）的CT和MRI表现。方法：回顾性分析本院经病理证实的15例AMM患者的临床、CT、MRI和病理资料。11例行CT检查,3例行MRI检查,1例行CT和MRI检查。结果：15例AMM中,10例病变位于直肠远端与肛管交界处,2例位于直肠,3例位于肛管。肿瘤形态呈蕈伞形肿块9例,肠壁环形增厚4例,肠壁未见明显增厚2例。4例有肺部或者肝脏转移,5例有周围淋巴结转移。15例患者均未见明星的肠梗阻征象。CT平扫示肿块呈稍低密度,最大径约2～4cm,增强后强化方式不一,以中度强化为主。MRI示肿瘤在T2wI上以等信号为主,T2wI上以稍高信号为主,DWI上呈高信号,增强后均有明显强化。结论：AMM的CT和MRI表现具有一定特征性;但AMM病灶较大时,MRI信号不具有黑色素瘤特异性的典型信号。CT检查有助于发现远处转移灶,MRI检查对其鉴别诊断有提示价值。     

乳腺MRI在X线检查乳腺阴性腋淋巴结转移癌阳性患者中的应用价值

目的 探讨乳腺MR检查对临床乳腺触诊和X线检查均为阴性的腋淋巴结转移癌患者寻找其乳腺内原发病灶的应用价值.方法 分析33例以腋淋巴结转移癌为首诊表现(临床乳腺触诊和X线检查均为阴性)患者的乳腺MR影像资料,依据美国放射学会的乳腺影像报告和数据系统MRI标准对所有病变进行分析,并将MRI诊断结果与病理进行对照.结果 33例腋淋巴结转移癌患者中,30例临床行乳腺根治术,其中17例经病理证实为乳腺癌,乳腺MRI检出其中的16例,包括10例肿块性病变和6例非肿块性病变,肿块性病变直径0.5～2.6 cm(平均1.5 cm),直径≤1.5 cm者6例;非肿块性病变包括4例导管性强化和2例段性强化;另1例病理切片发现乳腺癌但乳腺MRI为阴性.其余13例行乳腺根治术患者病理检查未发现乳腺癌灶,其中9例乳腺MRI亦呈阴性表现,另4例MRI提示可疑癌灶.余3例临床未行手术治疗的患者,乳腺MRI亦为阴性.以病理诊断为金标准,MR检出乳腺原发癌灶的敏感度、特异度和准确度分别为94.1%、69.2%和83.3%.结论 相对于一般乳腺癌而言,隐匿性乳腺癌MRI表现更以小灶性的肿块性病变和导管或段性强化的非肿块性病变为常见表现类型.乳腺MR检查对隐匿性乳腺癌的检出具有较高的敏感度和准确度,应作为这类患者的常规检查手段.     

胃肠道间质瘤的CT诊断

目的 探讨胃肠道间质瘤的CT表现特征。方法 回顾性分析经手术和病理证实的12例胃肠道间质瘤患者的CT影像学资料，并将大体病理所见与CT表现相对照。结果 肿瘤位于胃部2例，十二指肠2例，空肠4例，空回肠交界处1例，回肠1例，直肠1例，肠系膜内者1例。发生于小肠的8例中5例有便血史或便潜血阳性。12例中恶性肿瘤9例，潜在恶性1例，交界性1例，不能确定良恶性1例。12例中11例肿块CT表现为外生性肿块，多较大，其中恶性肿块最大径3—20cm，最大径〈5cm者1例，1〉5cm者8例。肿物密度不均匀，呈囊实性，实性部分中度强化至明显强化，肿块内伴有溃疡形成2例，最大径均〉12cm。瘤内点状钙化灶1例。结论 胃肠道间质瘤的CT表现具有一定特点，CT检查有助于胃肠道间质瘤的定位，以及观察肿瘤与周围组织结构关系情况。     

胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤的CT和MRI特征

【摘要】目的：分析胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤(ERMS)的CT及MRI特征,以提高术前诊断ERMS水平。方法：回顾性分析经手术及病理证实的15例ERMS患者影像学资料,13例行CT平扫及增强,12例行MRI平扫及增强检查。结果:15例ERMS患者中男10例,女5例;年龄1~27岁,3例位于鼻部,5例位于腹盆腔,5例发生于泌尿生殖道（1例原发于宫颈）,1例位于肛门,1例位于下肢。病灶最大径11.0cm,最小径3.3cm,平均(6.77±10.53)cm。15例ERMS均为实性为主单发病灶,边界清楚8例,边界不清7例。CT表现为与肌肉组织密度相近软组织肿块,增强扫描不均匀强化;MRT1WI呈等或稍低信号,1例因出血呈高信号;T2WI呈不均匀稍高或高信号,DWI呈高信号,增强扫描表现为分隔及壁结节强化2例;葡萄样强化6例;环形线样强化5例。2例鼻腔ERMS发生骨转移;9例患者区域淋巴结转移。结论:ERMS的MRI及CT表现具有一定特征性,结合患者年龄、病变部位及强化特征、侵犯骨质及淋巴结转移等综合分析助于术前影像诊断。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.