Research in reproductive toxicity of Sudan Red on sperms of mice

目的 为了探讨苏丹红Ⅱ的雄性生殖毒性效应,研究了苏丹红Ⅱ对雄性昆明小鼠的睾丸、附睾和精子的毒性作用.方法 采用不同剂量的苏丹红Ⅱ配制的饲料喂食小鼠即0.012mg/kg、0.12mg/kg、1.20mg/kg对小鼠染毒,对照组小鼠给予不含苏丹红Ⅱ的饲料喂食,每只每天0.10kg,连续7d,染毒后35d脱颈处死小鼠,观察和分析小鼠精子的数量、活动度和畸形率.结果 小鼠睾丸、附睾湿重与体重比值染毒组与对照组无明显差异;精子密度及精子活力染毒组与对照组也无统计学差异显著性;染毒组小鼠畸形精子显著高于对照组,经统计学分析其差异显著.结论 苏丹红Ⅱ导致小鼠睾丸附睾重量减低对生殖器官有损害作用.     

敌百虫亚急性染毒对雄性小鼠的生殖毒性作用

目的探讨有机磷农药敌百虫对雄性小鼠的生殖毒性作用。方法选用雄性ICR小鼠40只,随机分为低剂量染毒组（2mg／kg敌百虫）、中剂量染毒组（10mg／kg敌百虫）、高剂量染毒组（50mg／kg敌百虫）和对照组（等容积生理盐水）,每组10只进行灌胃染毒,每天1次,连续30d后脱椎处死小鼠,比较各组小鼠的精子活动度、精子畸形率以及睾丸组织的病理学改变,并分析染毒剂量与精子活动度和畸形率的关系。结果与对照组比较,各染毒组小鼠的精子活动度均下降,其中精子活动度Ⅲ、Ⅳ级所占比例明显上升,且高剂量染毒组精子活动度为I、Ⅱ级所占比例明显下降,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。低剂量、中剂量和高剂量染毒组的精子畸形率分别为1．00％、2．06％和3．39％,均显著高于对照组的0．38％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。精子活动度和畸形率均与染毒剂量显著相关（P〈0．05,P〈0．05）。组织病理学观察发现,中剂量和高剂量染毒组小鼠的睾丸曲细精管中各级精母细胞数量减少。结论敌百虫暴露可对雄性小鼠产生一定的生殖毒性作用。     

苏丹红Ⅱ对雄性小鼠精子毒性的研究

目的为了探讨苏丹红Ⅱ的雄性生殖毒性效应,研究了苏丹红Ⅱ对雄性昆明小鼠的睾丸、附睾和精子的毒性作用。方法采用不同剂量的苏丹红Ⅱ配制的饲料喂食小鼠即0.012mg/kg、0.12mg/kg、1.20mg/kg对小鼠染毒,对照组小鼠给予不含苏丹红Ⅱ的饲料喂食,每只每天0.10kg,连续7d,染毒后35d脱颈处死小鼠,观察和分析小鼠精子的数量、活动度和畸形率。结果小鼠睾丸、附睾湿重与体重比值染毒组与对照组无明显差异;精子密度及精子活力染毒组与对照组也无统计学差异显著性;染毒组小鼠畸形精子显著高于对照组,经统计学分析其差异显著。结论苏丹红Ⅱ导致小鼠睾丸附睾重量减低对生殖器官有损害作用。     

三聚氰胺对雄性小鼠精液质量的影响

目的：探讨三聚氰胺对雄性小鼠精液质量的影响。方法：健康雄性昆明种小鼠50只,随机分为阴性对照组（生理盐水）、阳性对照组（环磷酰胺）和三聚氰胺低、中、高剂量组,分别予0.01 mL/g生理盐水灌胃,40 mg/kg环磷酰胺腹腔注射,400 mg/kg（1/8LD50）、800 mg/kg（1/4LD50）、1600 mg/kg（1/2LD50）三聚氰胺灌胃,于首次染毒后第35天处死小鼠,称量睾丸及附睾,计算脏器系数;显微镜下计数精子数量、精子活动率、精子畸形率。结果：三聚氰胺各剂量组小鼠睾丸、附睾脏器系数下降,其中,中、高剂量组睾丸脏器系数与阴性对照组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;高剂量组附睾脏器系数与阴性对照组比,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;高、中、低三聚氰胺组小鼠的精子数量及精子活动率呈下降趋势,精子畸形率呈上升趋势,与阴性对照组比,差异均有统计学意义（ P<0.01或P<0.05）。结论：三聚氰胺对雄性小鼠的生殖细胞可产生一定的毒性作用。     

苯与甲醛联合染毒对小鼠睾丸及精子的损伤作用

目的 通过研究苯与甲醛联合染毒对雄性小鼠睾丸及精子的损伤情况,探讨苯与甲醛联合对其损伤的作用机制。 方法 选择40只SPF级成年雄性小鼠随机分为4组,分别为对照组(A组)、苯单独染毒组(B组)、甲醛单独染毒组(C组)、苯与甲醛联合染毒组(D组),每组小鼠10只。A组小鼠灌胃生理盐水和植物油;B组灌胃200 mg/(kg.bw)剂量的苯;C组灌胃10 mg/(kg.bw)剂量的甲醛、D组灌胃苯200 mg/(kg.bw)+甲醛10 mg/(kg.bw)。各组均连续染毒5 d,再饲养30 d后称重处死动物,分离双侧睾丸测定其睾丸脏器系数、光学显微镜下观察小鼠精子数量、死亡精子和畸形精子;按照常规方法制作睾丸组织病理切片,HE染色后置显微镜下观察其睾丸组织病理变化;采用试剂盒检测睾丸T-AOC和Na+-K+-ATP酶活性;采用SPSS 17.0软件对实验数据进行统计分析。 结果 D组小鼠体重及睾丸脏器系数均分别低于A、B、C组(P<0.05);与A及B、C组比较,D组小鼠精子数减少[14.9/(107个·g附睾)],精子的死亡率(45.17‰)、畸形率(58.33‰)均增加(P<0.05);B、C、D三个染毒组小鼠睾丸组织均出现不同程度病理损害,其中D组病理损害明显;D组小鼠睾丸T-AOC、Na+-K+-ATP活性较B、C组降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 甲醛与苯联合染毒对小鼠睾丸及精子有明显损伤作用;其损伤机制可能通过抑制ATP酶活性降低睾丸生殖细胞的抗氧化性有关。      

苯磺隆对雄性大鼠生殖系统的影响

目的 :了解苯磺隆对雄性大鼠生殖系统的影响。方法 :SD雄性大鼠 4 0只 ,随机分为A、B、C、D 4组 ,A组为空白对照 ,后 3组分别以 1 4 1mg/kg、2 81mg/kg、5 6 2mg/kg剂量的苯磺隆连续灌胃。第 35d颈静脉采血后处死动物 ,计算睾丸和附睾的脏器系数 ,并进行精子头计数和睾酮含量测定。结果 :与A组相比 ,各染毒组 (B、C、D组 )每周体重、睾丸质量、睾丸和附睾脏器系数、精子头计数、血清和睾丸组织睾酮含量差异均无统计学意义 ;5 6 2mg/kg剂量组附睾质量低于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :苯磺隆对雄性大鼠有一定的生殖毒性     

1,2,3,4-二环氧丁烷对雄性小鼠生殖细胞损伤的研究

目的 研究1,3-丁二烯的活性中间代谢产物l,2,3,4-二环氧丁烷(1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane,DEB)对小鼠睾丸生殖细胞的损伤.方法 成年雄性昆明小鼠分为溶剂对照组(PBS)、低剂量(17 mg/kg) DEB染毒组和高剂量(42.5 mg/kg) DEB染毒组.采用腹腔注射染毒,于第1、3、5天间隔注射3d,初次染毒后的第21天采样.比较睾丸系数、精子密度、精子活动度以及睾丸组织的病理学改变.采用流式细胞仪进行睾丸细胞周期及DNA倍型分析.采用化学比色法检测小鼠肝组织氧化和抗氧化能力的改变.结果 与溶剂对照组相比,各染毒组小鼠的睾丸系数及精子密度均有下降,且高剂量DEB染毒组明显降低(P＜0.05).与溶剂对照组相比,DEB染毒小鼠的极慢或不动的精子比例显著升高(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).细胞周期分析结果显示,高剂量DEB染毒组的单倍体和二倍体细胞比例降低,而四倍体细胞比例升高,同时G2/M期细胞比例升高,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).随着染毒剂量增加,睾丸结构受损,肝组织的MDA水平增加,而SOD和GSH-Px水平降低,其中高剂量DEB染毒组的变化具有统计学差异(P＜0.05).结论 DEB染毒可以造成小鼠睾丸细胞损伤,干扰生精细胞的周期进程,氧化应激可能是DEB诱导生殖细胞损伤的原因之一.     

辛硫磷对雄性小鼠生殖细胞毒性作用的实验研究

目的 研究辛硫磷对雄性小鼠生殖细胞的毒性作用.方法 48只健康昆明种雄性小鼠,随机分为6组,每组8只.实验设4个不同剂量辛硫磷染毒组、阴性对照组（玉米油）和阳性对照组（环磷酰胺40mg/kg）,均采用腹腔注射染毒方式.首次染毒后第35d处死小鼠,观察睾丸及附睾脏器系数、精子数量、精子活率、精子畸形率及骨髓细胞微核率的变化.结果 除最低剂量组外,各染毒组精子数量均低于阴性对照组（P＜0.01）;精子活率各染毒组均低于阴性对照组（P＜0.05）,并呈剂量-反应关系.精子畸形率、骨髓细胞微核率各染毒组均高于阴性对照组（P＜0.05）,并呈剂量-反应关系.结论 辛硫磷对雄性小鼠生殖系统有一定毒性作用,主要引起精子数量、精子活率的降低和精子畸形率的增加,并具有致突变作用.     

硝酸镧对小鼠睾丸组织酶活性及铜、铁、锰、锌含量的影响

目的 研究稀土化合物硝酸镧对雄性小鼠睾丸组织酶活性及铜、铁、锰、锌含量的影响.方法 将40只雄性昆明小鼠随机分为4组:阴性对照组和硝酸镧低(1 mg/kg)、中(5 mg/kg)、高(20 mg/kg)剂量组.经口灌胃染毒,每日1次,连续染毒2周.取睾丸和附睾,称重并计算脏器指数.比色法测定睾丸组织中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性.另取睾丸组织消化处理后,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定组织中铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、锌(Zn)4种金属元素含量.结果 与对照组比较,高剂量组睾丸和附睾指数均降低(P ＜0.05或P＜0.01);中、高剂量组睾丸组织中ACP和AKP活性升高(P＜0.05或p＜0.01);低剂量组LDH活性上升(P＜0.01),但中、高剂量组LDH活性降低(P＜0.01);中、高剂量组睾丸组织中Cu、Zn含量降低,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.01);但各染毒组Fe、Mn含量与对照组比较差异无统计学意义.结论 在设计的实验条件下,硝酸镧可干扰睾丸组织中ACP、AKP和LDH的活性,这可能与较高剂量的镧影响了锌、铜等金属元素在睾丸内的分布与代谢有关.     

苯磺隆对大鼠生殖细胞毒性试验研究

目的　了解除草剂苯磺隆对受试动物雄性生殖细胞的遗传毒性。方法　将不同剂量的苯磺隆 ( 0、1 41、2 81、5 62mg/kg)对SD雄性大鼠连续灌胃 3 0d,于首次给予受试物后的第 3 1天处死动物 ,计算睾丸和附睾的脏器系数、观察精子形态、并与对照组比较分析。结果　与对照组相比 ,染毒组在每周体重、睾丸重、睾丸和附睾脏器系数差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,高剂量组( 5 62mg/kg)附睾重量低于对照组 ,差异有统计学意义(P <0 .0 5 )。精子畸形率差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　苯磺隆对附睾发育有一定的影响 ,对精子形成无显著性影响。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.