颈动脉狭窄的经皮血管内支架成形治疗

目的评价经皮血管内支架成形术对颈动脉狭窄并发脑梗死病例的治疗效果。材料与方法７例颈动脉狭窄所致的缺血性脑神经功能障碍患者接受血管内支架成形治疗，术中选用Ｇｉａｎｔｕｒｃｏ－Ｒｏｕｂｉｎ球囊膨胀式金属支架。结果在７例患者的血管造影中发现：６例颈内动脉狭窄和１例颞浅动脉闭塞。在６例颈内动脉狭窄病例中，包括４例局限性狭窄，１例血管完全性闭塞，１例多节段性狭窄。本组７例中６例接受内支架成形手术，成功置入支架６枚；术后其神经功能症状得到满意恢复，在１～３０个月的随访观察中，无一例再发生脑梗死。结论经皮血管内支架成形术可解除颈动脉狭窄所致的血流循环障碍，有效地预防由此引起的缺血性脑梗死。     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of abdominal aortic stenoses

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was performed on 25 patients with localized distal abdominal aortic stenoses. All patients were smokers and all complained of bilateral lower limb claudication. Eleven patients had small distal aortas and iliac vessels. Technically successful dilatation was achieved in all patients. Long-term follow-up was available on 17 of the patients. The mean follow-up period was 38 months. Cumulative patency at 5 years was 70%. Thirteen patients remain asymptomatic 15–83 months following PTA. Late failure occurred in 4 patients, 1–38 months following PTA. No complications related to PTA were experienced. PTA of localized aortic stenoses is a safe alternative to surgery and should be the treatment of choice in this condition.     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of peripheral bypass stenoses

Purpose: To assess the success of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in treating peripheral bypass stenoses. Methods: Patients who received a femoropopliteal or femorocrural bypass graft for limb ischemia were included in a duplex surveillance program. If duplex ultrasound revealed a short (<2 cm) severe (peak systolic velocity ratio ≥ 4.5) stenosis, patients were scheduled for arteriography and PTA. Fifty-eight peripheral bypass stenoses in 39 grafts in 37 patients were treated with PTA. The cumulative primary patency of treated stenoses was calculated. Results: During the first year after PTA 31 (53%) treated lesions remained patent, 15 (26%) lesions restenosed at a median interval of 5.0 (range 1–12) months and 4 (7%) bypasses occluded. The cumulative primary patency of 58 treated graft stenoses at 1 year was 60% [95% confidence interval (CI) 46%–74%] and 55% (95% CI 41%–70%) at 2 years. Graft body stenoses showed a better 2-year cumulative primary patency (86%; 95% CI 68%–100%) compared with juxta-anastomotic lesions (45%; 95% CI 29%–62%; p < 0.05). Conclusion: PTA is justifiable as the initial treatment of peripheral bypass stenoses. Nevertheless, the restenosis rate is rather high, especially in juxta-anastomotic lesions. Continuation of duplex surveillance after PTA and timely reintervention is recommended.     

Comparison of cutting balloon versus high-pressure balloon angioplasty for resistant venous stenoses of native hemodialysis fistulas

PURPOSE: To compare the technical success, safety, and patency of cutting balloon angioplasty versus high-pressure balloon angioplasty in the treatment of resistant native hemodialysis fistula stenoses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed 1,220 percutaneous transluminal angioplasty procedures performed to treat dysfunctional native hemodialysis fistulas. Seventy patients with stenoses resistant to conventional balloon angioplasty (up to 24 atm) were included in this study: 35 patients underwent cutting balloon angioplasty from September 2003 through February 2005, and 35 patients underwent high-pressure balloon angioplasty from March 2005 through April 2006. Evaluation included technical success, complications, and postintervention patency rates up to 6 months. RESULTS: The technical success rates were similar between the cutting balloon (100%) and high-pressure balloon (97.1%) groups. After cutting balloon angioplasty, the primary lesion patency rates were 100% (35/35), 88.6% (31/35), and 71.4% (25/35) at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months, respectively. After high-pressure balloon angioplasty, the primary lesion patency rates were 97.1% (34/35), 62.9% (22/35), and 42.9% (15/35) respectively. The primary lesion patency rates at 3 and 6 months were significantly better with cutting balloon angioplasty than with high-pressure balloon angioplasty (P = .018 and .009, respectively). There were no device-related complications in the cutting balloon group. Six device-related extravasations occurred in the high-pressure balloon group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this retrospective study suggest that, for resistant stenoses in native hemodialysis fistulas, both high-pressure balloon and cutting balloon angioplasty are effective; however, cutting balloon angioplasty seems to provide more long-standing primary patency at 6-month follow-up.     

经皮穿刺锁骨下动脉腔内成形术

目的：评价经皮穿刺锁骨下动脉腔内成形术的效果及安全性。方法：对76例锁骨下动脉严重狭窄或完全闭塞的患者行经皮经腔血管成形术（PTA）。所有患者均有椎基底动脉和（或）上肢动脉供血不足症状。术前DSA证实锁骨下动脉狭窄69例,完全闭塞7例。行单纯球囊扩张术68例,置入支架8例。结果：PTA术后所有患者症状均消失或明显减轻。DSA、经颅多普勒超声（TCD）显示45例患者锁骨下动脉窃血被纠正,有3例出现并发症（2例穿刺部位假性动脉瘤形成,1例术中一过性眩晕暧间恢复）。经4-35个月的随访（平均29个月）,发生再狭窄3例。结论：PTA治疗锁骨下动脉严重狭窄或完全闭塞是有效和安全的,并发症低于手术治疗。     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of atherosclerotic basilar artery stenosis

Symptomatic intracranial involvement of vertebral and basilar arteries by atherosclerosis is not accessible to surgical treatment. We report a case of major basilar artery stricture responsible for haemodynamic strokes treated successfully by percutaneous dilatation.     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for dysfunctional femoral hemodialysis graft

PURPOSE

We aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for dysfunctional femoral arteriovenous graft and analyze clinical or anatomic predictors of graft patency.

METHODS

The records of 45 patients who underwent PTA or thromboaspiration for dysfunctional or thrombosed femoral arteriovenous graft from 2005 to 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. Primary and secondary patency rates were determined at three, six, and 12 months after PTA. The primary patency rate was analyzed according to the presence of diabetes mellitus, graft age from the time of creation to the first intervention (<12 months or ≥12 months), presence of thrombus, shape of graft (U-shape vs. straight-shape), anastomosis type of graft (femoral-femoral vs. femoral-saphenous), location of stenosis (central vs. peripheral), length of stenosis (<2 cm vs. ≥2 cm), degree of stenosis severity (<70% vs. ≥70%), and stent insertion.

RESULTS

A total of 124 PTAs were performed in 45 patients. The primary patency rate at three, six, and 12 months was 84.8%, 63.6%, and 24.2%, respectively. The secondary patency rate at three, six, and 12 months was 95.2%, 95.2%, and 85.7%, respectively. The mean duration of primary and secondary patency was 13.2 and 35.7 months, respectively. No significant clinical or anatomical predictors of primary patency could be identified. Stent placement had a negative effect on primary patency.

CONCLUSION

PTA is a safe and effective treatment for dysfunctional femoral arteriovenous grafts. Stent placement seems to improve technical success, but does not enhance the primary patency rate of dysfunctional femoral arteriovenous grafts.In general, the upper extremity arteriovenous (AV) graft is the first choice for hemodialysis patients, but not all patients are indicated, and there is a limitation to maintain patency. Therefore, new vascular access is needed on other areas including the lower extremities (1). The lower extremity AV graft is not preferred due to high rate of infection (2), but recent studies report that the incidence of infection on a lower extremity AV graft is similar to an upper extremity AV graft (3–5).Maintaining the patency of an AV graft in hemodialysis patients is very important. Thrombosis and venous stenosis are as likely to occur in a lower extremity AV graft as in an upper extremity AV graft (6). Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) may be useful for a dysfunctional lower limb AV graft as well as an upper limb AV graft, but a definite conclusion is hindered by the lack of direct studies. In 2004, Ryan et al. (1) described the outcomes of a percutaneous declotting technique used in 110 PTAs of 30 femoral AV grafts in 25 patients. They evaluated outcomes of percutaneous declotting procedures in patients with prosthetic femoral dialysis grafts. In 2001, Regina et al. (7) reported clinical and radiologic predictors of prosthetic AV grafts after PTA in 500 patients. However, their study was limited by the inability to classify the location of grafts in the upper or lower extremities. The purpose of our study was to retrospectively evaluate the safety and efficacy of PTA for dysfunctional femoral AV graft. We also analyzed the clinical and anatomic predictors of graft patency after PTA.     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of an innominate artery occlusion

A middle-aged woman presented with recent-onset left hemiparesis and right subclavian steal syndrome. She was found to have an obstructed innominate artery. We successfully performed balloon angioplasty of the occluded innominate artery and encountered no complications during follow-up of currently 8 months.     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the carotid artery

Summary The successful dilation of postsurgical concentric stenosis of an internal carotid artery using percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is reported here. Only one such case has been previously documented. Review of the literature disclosed 16 patients who received transluminal angioplasty for stenosis of carotid arteries by percutaneous or open arteriotomy techniques. The authors feel that PTA may be the treatment of choice for postoperative concentric stenosis of a short segment of the carotid artery as opposed to surgical repair.     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for total occlusion of middle cerebral arteries

Although it is controversial whether total occlusions of intracranial arteries can safely be opened by angioplasty, we treated six patients with total occlusions of the middle cerebral artery by percutaneous transluminal cerebral angioplasty (PTCBA) in the chronic stage after a stroke, on average 10 weeks. We successfully opened four total occlusions less than 3 months old, while two total occlusions more than 3 months old could not be opened. No complications occurred. Even in the chronic stage, PTCBA for total occlusion of intracranial arteries can be done safely. Received: 8 September 1995 Accepted: 26 February 1996     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the renal artery

Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty (PTRA) has been employed in 70 renal arteries, utilizing the balloon angioplasty technique described by Grüntzig for peripheral vessels. The procedure has been employed both in patients with normal renal function and in selected patients with decreased renal function. The complication rate has been low (5.7%), and no patient has required operative intervention as a result of a complication sustained during PTRA. The early results of PTRA compare favorably to those achieved through operative revascularization. An assessment of the duration of PTRA's effects must however, await the results of long-term follow-up.     

经皮经腔介入治疗技术在动脉狭窄性疾病中的应用

目的　探讨局部溶栓、经皮血管成形术 (percutaneoustranscatheteangioplasty ,PTA)和内支架置入术在治疗动脉狭窄或阻塞性疾病的作用。方法　 1987年 12月至 1997年 12月间 ,10 5例 115段动脉狭窄或阻塞接受了介入治疗。在 6 3段阻塞中 ,6 1段首选了局部溶栓 ;2段首选了PTA ;在 5 2段狭窄中 ,5 0段首选了PTA ;2段首选了内支架置入 ,这 2段为 2例病人 ,分别为胸腹主动脉交界处假性动脉瘤和腹主动脉夹层。结果　全组总的治疗成功率为 98 3% (113/ 115 ) ,PTA后内支架置入率为19 8% (16 / 81) ,并发症发生率为 1 7% (2 / 115 )。狭窄组和阻塞组的治疗成功率分别为 10 0 0 % (5 2 /5 2 )和 96 8% (6 1/ 6 3) ;PTA后内支架置入率分别为 14 0 % (7/ 5 0 )和 2 9 0 % (9/ 31) ;并发症发生率分别为 0 0 % (0 / 5 2 )和 3 2 % (2 / 6 3)。在阻塞组中 ,首选溶栓和未作溶栓的PTA后内支架置入率分别为2 4 1% (7/ 2 9)和 2 / 2 ;并发症发生率分别为 1 6 % (1/ 6 1)和 1/ 2。结论　经皮经腔技术治疗动脉狭窄性疾病是安全和有效的方法。合理应用局部溶栓、PTA和内支架置入术有助于提高疗效和减少并发症。     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (dilatation) of carotid,vertebral, and innominate artery stenoses

Over a period of 5 years, 51 stenoses of brachiocephalic arteries were successfully dilated, and one subclavian occlusion recanalized in 42 patients. Among 24 patients there were 21 stenoses of the internal carotid artery, two stenoses of the common carotid artery, two stenoses of the innominate artery, five stenoses at the origin of the vertebral artery, and four stenoses of the subclavian artery. There were 17 patients who had stenoses of the subclavian artery. In 12 cases several arteries were affected. In 9 patients multiple (2–3) stenoses in these supraaortic arteries were dialated. In 4 cases bilateral dilatetion of internal carotid arteries was performed. There were transient, minor complications in 2 patients.     

The primary patency of drug-eluting balloon versus conventional balloon angioplasty in hemodialysis patients with arteriovenous fistula stenoses

Objective

The aim of this article is to assess and compare the rate of primary patency achieved by drug-eluting balloon angioplasty (DEBA) and conventional balloon angioplasty (CBA) in hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula stenoses.

Methods

This retrospective study consists of 52 patients with significant arteriovenous fistulas stenoses who were treated with DEBA (n = 26) or CBA (n = 26) between January 2013 and January 2015. Only those patients with postprocedural technical and clinical success of 100 % were selected from the database. Primary patency rates of fistulas at 6 and 12 months were evaluated with Doppler ultrasonography as well as clinically. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the primary assisted patency rates for the two groups.

Results

The type of AVFs were 41 (78.8 %) radiocephalic and 11 (21.2 %) brachiocephalic. Primary patency rates between the DEBA and CBA group had a statistically significant difference at 12 months (p < 0.05). However there was no statistically significant difference at the 6-month follow-up period (p = 0.449). There was no statistically significant difference among the patient age, patient gender and fistula type of the two groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Drug-eluting balloon angioplasty proved to be an effective treatment of hemodialysis AVFs stenosis, with a high primary patency rate at 12 months.

     

Cutting balloon angioplasty for resistant venous stenoses of Brescia-Cimino fistulas

Peripheral cutting balloons with diameters of 5-8 mm were employed to dilate eight resistant stenoses among 62 venous stenoses in 48 Brescia-Cimino fistulas. The grade of stenosis after high-pressure balloon angioplasty ranged from 57% to 87% (median, 75%). The residual stenosis after cutting balloon angioplasty ranged from 0 to 24% (median, 10.5%). Two complications occurred among these eight cases, one of which was treated by stent placement. No repeated intervention was necessary during follow-up (range, 74-249 days; median, 141 days). Cutting balloon angioplasty was effective to overcome the resistance of venous stenosis in hemodialysis fistulas.     

移植肾动脉狭窄的介入治疗

目的：评价经皮血管腔内成形术(PTA)对移植肾动脉狭窄(RTAS)的治疗作用。方法：对9例移植肾动脉狭窄的患者行PTA，患者的血管狭窄位于外科手术血管吻合处或吻合远端的移植肾动脉上。8例采用经股动脉入路，1例采用经肱动脉入路。疗效以临床随访、肾功能检验、超声检测为评价。结果：9例移植肾动脉狭窄的患者成功地实施了PTA，2例患者置入支架，所有病例均痊愈。结论：PTA是治疗移植肾动脉狭窄有效的首选方法。     

Subclavian artery stenosis treated by transluminal angioplasty: Six cases

Transluminal angioplasty (TLA) has been used in six patients with subclavian artery stenosis admitted to a large community hospital. Five patients had lesions proximal to the origin of the left vertebral artery, three of whom had angiographic evidence of subclavian steal syndrome. In all six, arteries were successfully dilated with only one complication of a hematoma at an arteriotomy site. In a 10 to 24-month follow-up, all six patients have remained totally asymptomatic without any further complications.     

经皮颈动脉狭窄血管内支架成形疗效分析

 目的 分析总结我院180例经皮血管内支架治疗颈动脉狭窄的手术方法、适应证选择和并发症的预防.方法 均经MRA或造影确诊,采用经股动脉入路,应用自膨式支架对颈动脉颅外段狭窄进行治疗.结果 180例手术均获得成功,颈动脉狭窄得到有效改善,临床缺血症状术后得到明显改善,全脑循环时间缩短,脑组织血管染色好转, 术后早期4例出现并发症,经治疗均获得较满意结果;随访5～24个月,未发现明显脑缺血发作,无B超发现支架内再狭窄病例.结论 经皮血管内支架治疗颈动脉狭窄的手术方法逐渐成熟,适应证的选择和围手术期的专业处理,以及娴熟的操作技巧是手术成功的关键.     

Primary patency with cutting and conventional balloon angioplasty for different types of hemodialysis access stenosis

PURPOSE: To compare primary patency rates of cutting balloon percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) (hereafter, cutting PTA) and conventional balloon PTA (hereafter, conventional PTA) in the treatment of different types of hemodialysis access stenosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The institutional review board approved this study. Written informed consent was obtained for the prospective component of this study and waived for the retrospective component. Patients in whom treatment with cutting PTA alone or conventional PTA alone was clinically successful formed the two study groups. Primary patency for the lesion was defined as uninterrupted patency of the treated site after balloon PTA. A site was no longer considered patent when the patient underwent treatment for hemodialysis access failure due to restenosis of the treated site. Primary patency rates for lesions were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method according to the type of stenosis. We compared the two groups by using the log-rank test to determine statistical significance. RESULTS: In the cutting PTA group, 62 patients with 77 stenoses (32 men, 30 women; mean age, 65.5 years +/- 10.1 [standard deviation]) achieved clinical success. In the conventional PTA group, 52 patients with 68 stenoses (23 men, 29 women; mean age, 61.9 years +/- 10.2) achieved clinical success. In patients with autogenous venous stenosis, no significant difference in the primary patency rate was noted between groups (P = .369). In patients with graft-to-vein anastomotic stenosis, the primary patency rate was significantly higher for cutting PTA than for conventional PTA (P = .39). In patients with intragraft stenosis, no significant difference in the primary patency rate was noted between groups (P = .379). In patients with in-stent restenosis, no significant difference in the primary patency rate was noted between groups (P = .923). CONCLUSION: Primary patency rates are significantly higher for cutting PTA in the treatment of graft-to-vein anastomotic stenosis; however, no significant differences in primary patency rates exist between these PTAs in the treatment of autogenous venous stenosis, intragraft stenosis, or in-stent restenosis.