α-硫辛酸对外周器官氧化损伤的保护作用

α-硫辛酸是一种强效抗氧化剂,其对糖尿病以及多种因素诱导的氧化应激的保护作用主要是通过其强抗氧化性而实现的。α-硫辛酸对心血管、肾脏、肝脏等器官的氧化损伤均有一定程度的保护作用。本文主要综述近年α-硫辛酸的抗氧化作用机制及对不同外周器官氧化损伤的保护作用。     

α-硫辛酸在糖尿病治疗中的临床应用价值

氧化应激是糖尿病发病的重要机制,α-硫辛酸作为一种强抗氧化剂,能清除自由基,减轻氧化损伤,目前已广泛应用于糖尿病并发症的临床治疗.本文主要综述α-硫辛酸在减轻糖尿病患者的氧化应激损伤、保护糖尿病患者的血管病变、治疗糖尿病的多发性神经症状、调节胰岛素敏感性等方面的作用.     

α-硫辛酸在糖尿病治疗中的临床应用价值

氧化应激是糖尿病发病的重要机制,α-硫辛酸作为一种强抗氧化剂,能清除自由基,减轻氧化损伤,目前已广泛应用于糖尿病并发症的临床治疗。本文主要综述α-硫辛酸在减轻糖尿病患者的氧化应激损伤、保护糖尿病患者的血管病变、治疗糖尿病的多发性神经症状、调节胰岛素敏感性等方面的作用。     

抗氧化剂硫辛酸对糖尿病周围神经病变临床治疗效果观察

目的探讨抗氧化剂硫辛酸对糖尿病周围神经病变临床治疗效果。方法选择该院80例糖尿病周围神经病变患者,随机分为观察组和对照组。两组患者均给予基础治疗,对照组同时给药甲钴胺和血栓通治疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上给予硫辛酸治疗。结果观察组总有效率为95.0%,对照组总有效率为60.0%,观察组总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论抗氧化剂硫辛酸能够改善糖尿病周围神经病变患者临床症状和体征,疗效显著。     

硫辛酸高脂日粮对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的探讨由高脂饲喂对小鼠免疫功能的影响,评价在高脂日粮中添加抗氧化剂硫辛酸(LA)对高脂小鼠免疫系统的保护作用。方法30只C57BL/6雄性小鼠,随机分为对照(正常饲料),高脂模型(高脂饲料),硫辛酸(高脂饲料+0.1%LA)3组。10w后检测小鼠全血和脾脏的活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)和氧化应激相关指标。用流式细胞术检测外周血和脾脏的辅助性T细胞/细胞毒性T细胞(CD4+/CD8+)、B细胞百分含量和脾脏淋巴细胞的凋亡率。结果饲高脂日粮可导致小鼠血浆和脾脏抗氧化能力显著降低,ROS和丙二醛(MDA)显著升高,形成慢性氧化应激。而添加LA可有效防止氧化应激的形成。高脂日粮诱导形成的慢性氧化应激可显著降低CD4+/CD8+、B细胞百分含量以及升高脾脏淋巴细胞的凋亡率。通过添加LA能有效地改善慢性氧化应激对免疫系统的损伤。结论高脂日粮摄入可导致慢性氧化应激而显著抑制小鼠免疫功能,LA通过直接清除自由基、恢复氧化还原平衡解除慢性氧化应激而保护小鼠的免疫系统免受损伤。     

α-硫辛酸在糖尿病及糖尿病并发症中的应用

糖尿病是仅次于肿瘤和心血管病的第三大疾病,氧化应激被公认为在糖尿病及其并发症的发生中起着主导作用。近年来,慢性牙周炎在糖尿病患者中的患病率持续升高,特别是对II型糖尿病患者而言,慢性牙周炎已经成为了临床较为常见的第六个糖尿病并发症。α-硫辛酸是硫辛酸的氧化形式,是目前已知的最强的天然抗氧化剂,将其用于治疗与氧化应激有关的糖尿病并发症既能减弱氧化应激反应,又能取得良好的治疗效果。有国外学者通过研究指出一些抗氧化剂可作为标准的牙周非手术治疗的补充,具有临床治疗价值,抗氧化治疗在辅助牙周非手术治疗方面具有巨大的潜力,特别是在传统牙周非手术治疗未能改善牙周状况的情况下。本文综述了α-硫辛酸在糖尿病及糖尿病并发症中的应用,为糖尿病及其并发症的治疗研究提供文献参考,以期望为临床工作特别是通过应用抗氧化剂辅助牙周治疗这一方面提供科学依据。     

抗氧化剂对铅毒防治的作用及机制探讨

铅毒是世界范围内的公害,过去主要采用螯合剂治疗铅毒;由于铅离子可以加剧自由基对细胞的损伤,因此,采用抗氧化剂作为防治铅中毒的辅助疗法已成为大家关心的课题。本文主要综述维生素C和维生素E、蛋氨酸、乙酰半胱氨酸、硫辛酸、硒、锌、牛黄酸、茶叶提取物等抗氧化剂在铅中毒防治中的作用以及有关铅引起细胞氧化损伤的机制。     

α-硫辛酸对糖尿病防治的研究进展

α-硫辛酸是一种维生素类药物,是水溶性和脂溶性代谢抗氧化物,被誉为所有抗氧化剂中＂功能最多且活性最强＂的一种抗氧化剂。糖尿病的发病机制中氧化应激的作用已经为大家所公认,并且目前对糖尿病及其并发症的治疗基本上是对症治疗,从氧化机制入手是目前研究的热点。糖尿病及其并发症在抗氧化、调节代谢等方面受到了研究者的广泛关注。     

硫辛酸对高脂诱导肥胖大鼠氧化应激影响的实验研究

目的探讨硫辛酸（LA）对高脂诱导肥胖大鼠氧化应激水平的影响。方法 29只5~6周龄Wistar雄性大鼠,按体重随机分为2组：基础组（n=8）和高脂组（n=21）。高脂组大鼠饲养6周末尾尖采血,测定空腹血糖,按血糖水平随机分为2组：高脂组,高脂＋硫辛酸干预组（硫辛酸组）,分别用生理盐水和LA进行腹腔注射,4周后测定大鼠体重、内脏脂肪含量以及血清丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）和全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）。结果与基础组比较,高脂组大鼠的血清MDA水平和SOD活性明显增高,T-AOC下降,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;与高脂组比较,LA组大鼠体重和内脏脂肪含量明显降低,血清T-AOC明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;三组大鼠GSH-Px差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 LA能显著降低高脂诱导肥胖大鼠的体重和内脏脂肪含量,提高肥胖大鼠的抗氧化能力。     

α-硫辛酸防治糖尿病并发症及其线粒体修复机制

硫辛酸是高效抗氧化剂。大量研究发现，氧化应激与糖尿病及其并发症的发生和发展密切相关，线粒体电子传递呼吸链超氧化物产生过多是高糖介导组织损伤主要途径激活的原因，改善氧化应激状态可能成为防治糖尿病并发症的有效措施。本文总结了糖尿病并发症的发病机理和硫辛酸的防治作用及其线粒体修复机制。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.