高效液相色谱法同时测定蔬菜水果中5种黄酮类化合物

目的 建立同时测定蔬菜水果中芹菜素、山奈酚、槲皮素、异鼠李黄素和毛地黄黄酮5种黄酮类物质的反相高效液相色谱方法.方法 选用C18色谱柱(SYNERGI POLRR-RP80A,250 mm×4.6 mm),以甲醇-0.1%磷酸水溶液(v/v,60/40)作为流动相进行洗脱.柱温30 ℃,流速1.0 ml/min,在339 nm波长下进行检测.结果 槲皮素、毛地黄黄酮、山奈酚、芹菜素和异鼠李黄素的线性范围分别为0.0719.8、0.0720.0、0.1020.1、0.0820.3和0.0920.1 μg/ml;对于全部待测组分相关系数(r)均大于0.99;检出限为0.020.04 μg/ml.方法 的实际样品加标回收率为86.44.0%;相对标准偏差(RSD)低于7.6%(n=3).结论 该方法简便、快速、准确,可用于蔬菜和水果中黄酮类物质含量的测定.     

盐城市青春期女学生膳食黄酮及黄酮醇摄入量调查

目的了解盐城市青春期女学生膳食类黄酮摄入量及主要的食物来源,为青春期女学生膳食提供指导。方法以盐城市青春期女学生为研究人群,设计食物频率调查问卷开展调查,并计算黄酮及黄酮醇的日平均摄入量。结果人均黄酮和黄酮醇的摄入量为57.09(40.71,83.96)mg/d,其中黄酮醇摄入量为43.19(30.43,65.19)mg/d,其中槲皮素为5.15(3.54,7.87)mg/d,山奈酚24.49(15.58,35.95)mg/d,异鼠李素14.21(10.25,20.32)mg/d,黄酮摄入量为12.93(8.81,19.35)mg/d,其中毛地黄黄酮为10.27(7.09,14.51)mg/d,芹菜素为2.61(1.69,4.49)mg/d。结论盐城市12～18岁青春期女学生类黄酮的主要食物来源是蔬菜和水果,从蔬菜中摄入黄酮化合物的含量占56.23%、从水果中的摄入量占43.21%。     

芹菜素抗肿瘤作用的研究进展

芹菜素(Apigenin)是一种黄酮类化合物。广泛存在于多种水果和蔬菜中。研究发现它具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗炎、镇静等作用。其中以其抗肿瘤作用最为突出，并且与其它黄酮类物质(槲皮素、山奈黄酮)相比芹菜素具有低毒、无诱变性等特点。芹菜素的抗肿瘤作用主要表现在抗肿瘤细胞增殖、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤细胞侵袭和转移、干扰肿瘤细胞的信号传导途径、抗氧化等方面。本文就芹菜素在抗肿瘤方面的研究进展进行综述。     

蔬菜中类黄酮物质的高效液相色谱测定法

目的:建立蔬菜中类黄酮的高效液相色谱测定方法。方法:摸索优化水解、萃取条件,建立高效液相色谱测定方法,并对天津市售30种蔬菜中槲皮素、杨梅黄酮、玉米黄酮、坎二菲醇、芹菜配基的含量进行测定。结果:所建立的高效液相色谱法变异系数范围为2.8%～6.5%,回收率范围为90.2%～108.4%,槲皮素、玉米黄酮、坎二菲醇检测下限为0.4mg/L,杨梅黄酮、芹菜配基为0.8mg/L。30种蔬菜中29种检测出了槲皮素,含量在7.55～0.60mg/100g鲜重范围,5种检测出芹菜配基,7种检测出玉米黄酮,8种检测出杨梅黄酮,而坎二菲醇在30种蔬菜中均未检出;藕、洋葱、豆角、西红柿、芹菜等蔬菜的类黄酮含量较高。结论:本研究建立的方法可靠,并具有较高的准确度和精密度。所测定的蔬菜中类黄酮物质的组成和含量差异较大,槲皮素为主要的类黄酮。     

原子吸收法测定31种蔬菜水果中的微量元素含量

目的了解西安市市售常见蔬菜水果中微量元素含量,为指导人们的健康饮食提供参考数据。方珐采用原子吸收光谱法测定26种蔬菜和5种水果中的钙、镁、锌、铁、锰、铜、铅等元素含量。结果样品中钙含量前三位的蔬菜为白蒿、芹菜、青菜,钙含量最高的水果为橙子;镁含量前三位的蔬菜为白蒿、红薯、菠菜,镁含量最高的水果为香蕉;铁含量最高的蔬菜、水果分别为白蒿、菠萝;锌含量最高的蔬菜和水果分别为莴笋和苹果;铜元素含量最高的蔬菜和水果分别为红薯和苹果;锰含量最高的蔬菜和水果分别为生姜和菠萝;铅含量前三位的蔬菜是平菇、莲花白和莴笋。钙、镁、铁、锌、铜、锰含量的变化范围分别为18．64～2728．35mg／kg、46．03～572．28mg／kg、1．45～141．46mg／kg、8．25～83．67mg／kg、0．01～4．659mg／kg、0．124～43．383mg／kg、0．148～8．384mg／kg。结论不同蔬菜、水果中微量元素含量差别较大,人们应该合理膳食、平衡营养。     

我国常见蔬菜类黄酮物质的含量

目的测定我国常见蔬菜5种类黄酮物质的含量。方法蔬菜样品分别采自北京、天津、上海、杭州,采用高效液相色谱法测定槲皮素、坎二菲醇、玉米黄酮、杨梅黄酮、芹菜配基含量。结果在46种蔬菜中,杭州美芹的类黄酮物质含量最为丰富,其它如洋葱、芹菜、藕、豆角中含量也较为丰富;在5种类黄酮物质中,槲皮素分布最广,含量最为丰富;我国居民每日人均蔬菜5种类黄酮物质摄入量约为13.90mg,其中槲皮素占51.1%。结论不同蔬菜类黄酮物质含量差异较大;槲皮素是蔬菜中最为常见的类黄酮物质;我国居民膳食类黄酮物质来源蔬菜多于水果。     

芹菜素代谢动力学研究进展

芹黄（菜）素（Apigenin，AP）属于黄酮类化合物，广泛存在于水果、蔬菜、豆类、茶叶中，其中芹菜含量最高。芹菜素的化学结构为4’，5，7-三羟黄酮，其4’，5，7位置的3个羟基和C2C3双键决定了其独特的药理学效应和生物学特性，如在抑制肿瘤方面。证据表明，芹菜素对肿瘤细胞具有抑制作用，其主要作用机制为直接抑制肿瘤细胞生长、诱导细胞凋亡，抑制肿瘤细胞侵袭、转移以及抗氧化作用。     

蔬菜中芹菜素高效液相色谱测定

芹菜素是一种天然黄酮类物质，广泛存在于蔬菜、水果中。研究表明，芹菜素具有多种生物学功能，如抗氧化性、抗炎、抗肿瘤、中枢镇静等。本文旨在建立蔬菜中芹菜素高效液相色谱测定法，并测定哈尔滨市售41种蔬菜中芹菜素含量。现将结果报告如下。     

芹菜素的生物学作用

芹菜素是一种黄酮类化合物,广泛存在于多种水果和蔬菜中,具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗炎等多种生物学作用。本文综述了芹菜素的主要生物学作用及其机制,并对其应用开发前景进行了展望。     

蜂胶活性成分及质量控制的研究

蜂胶（propolis）是蜜蜂从植物芽孢或树干破皮伤处采集来的树脂（树胶）,并混入蜜蜂上颚腺的分泌物和蜂蜡、少量花粉等加工而成的一种具有芳香气味和黏性的胶状固体物质。蜂胶是蜜蜂用于维持整个群体健康的有效物质,一个五六万只的蜂群1年只能生产蜂胶100～150 g,被誉为＂紫色黄金＂。天然蜂胶的基本成分一般是树脂50%～55%,蜂蜡30%～40%,花粉5%～10%。主要活性成分有黄酮类化合物（槲皮素、芦丁、山奈黄素、白杨黄素、芹菜素、高良姜素、松属素等）、     

Content and distribution of flavonoids among 91 edible plant species

Flavonoid contents as aglycones (for quercetin, kaempherol, isorhamnetin, luteolin and apigenin) were reported for 115 edible plants (91 species). Plant materials mostly originated in tropical zones were grown and harvested from AVRDC, Taiwan. Acid extraction and HPLC were used as analytical methods. Total flavonoid contents ranged from 0 to 254 mg/100g fresh weight. About 75% of samples were found to contain flavonoids > 0.5 mg/100g with the group mean 33 +/- 48 mg/100g. Data for only 30 samples (20 species) in this study are also available (measured as raw vegetables) in the USDA flavonoid database. This study can expand the flavonoid database and contribute to measurement of flavonoid intake, especially for populations consuming tropical and underutilized vegetables.     

不同季节蔬菜中类黄酮物质含量的差异

目的研究不同季节蔬菜中类黄酮物质含量的变化规律,丰富食物成分数据库。方法改进现有的类黄酮物质HPLC检测方法 ,测定天津当地不同季节的52种蔬菜样品中槲皮素、杨梅黄酮、玉米黄酮、坎二菲醇、芹菜配基含量。结果在52种蔬菜中,春夏季节类黄酮含量较高的有香芹叶、土豆、球茎甘蓝、大蒜、茴香、白洋葱,秋冬季节类黄酮含量较高的有香芹叶、土豆、大蒜、球茎甘蓝,含量均超过20mg/100g鲜重。受季节影响变化幅度较大的蔬菜包括莴苣叶、圆茄子、菠菜、蒜苔、卷心菜和香菜。结论不同季节多数蔬菜中类黄酮物质含量差异有显著性,一般春夏季节含量高于秋冬季节。     

Dietary flavonoid sources in Australian adults

Evidence from laboratory-based in vitro studies provides compelling evidence supporting the involvement of dietary flavonoid intake in human cancer risk. Associations between intakes of individual flavonoids and disease outcomes at the population level are emerging from recent epidemiological studies. As an important step in the development of methods to assess flavonoid intakes across populations, the major sources of dietary flavonoids in the adult Australian population were identified. Data from a 24-h diet recall questionnaire used in a national nutrition survey (NNS95-comprising a sample of 10,851 subjects aged 19 yr and over) were combined with U.S. Department of Agriculture data on flavonoid content of foods to identify key sources. Black and green teas clearly were the dominant sources of the flavonols kaempferol, myricetin, and quercetin. Other significant flavonol sources included onion (isorhamnetin and quercetin), broccoli (kaempferol and quercetin), apple (quercetin), grape (quercetin), coffee (myrcetin), and beans (quercetin). Black and green teas also were dominant sources of flavon-3-ols, with wine, apples, and pears contributing somewhat. In terms of flavanone consumption, oranges (hesperetin and naringenin), lemon (eriodictyol), mandarin (hesperetin), and grapefruit (naringenin) were the major sources. Parsley (apigenin), celery (apigenin and luteolin), and English spinach (luteolin) were the major flavone sources. Wine was the major anthocyanadin source (delphinidin, malvidin, peonidin and petunidin), with smaller amounts from cherry (peonidin) and blueberry (delphinidin, malvidin, peonidin and petunidin). It is suggested that the relatively small number of aforementioned key foods form the basis of food frequency questionnaires to assess flavonoid intake.     

Dietary Flavonoid Sources in Australian Adults

Evidence from laboratory-based in vitro studies provides compelling evidence supporting the involvement of dietary flavonoid intake in human cancer risk. Associations between intakes of individual flavonoids and disease outcomes at the population level are emerging from recent epidemiological studies. As an important step in the development of methods to assess flavonoid intakes across populations, the major sources of dietary flavonoids in the adult Australian population were identified. Data from a 24-h diet recall questionnaire used in a national nutrition survey (NNS95—comprising a sample of 10,851 subjects aged 19 yr and over) were combined with U.S. Department of Agriculture data on flavonoid content of foods to identify key sources. Black and green teas clearly were the dominant sources of the flavonols kaempferol, myricetin, and quercetin. Other significant flavonol sources included onion (isorhamnetin and quercetin), broccoli (kaempferol and quercetin), apple (quercetin), grape (quercetin), coffee (myrcetin), and beans (quercetin). Black and green teas also were dominant sources of flavon-3-ols, with wine, apples, and pears contributing somewhat. In terms of flavanone consumption, oranges (hesperetin and naringenin), lemon (eriodictyol), mandarin (hesperetin), and grapefruit (naringenin) were the major sources. Parsley (apigenin), celery (apigenin and luteolin), and English spinach (luteolin) were the major flavone sources. Wine was the major anthocyanadin source (delphinidin, malvidin, peonidin and petunidin), with smaller amounts from cherry (peonidin) and blueberry (delphinidin, malvidin, peonidin and petunidin). It is suggested that the relatively small number of aforementioned key foods form the basis of food frequency questionnaires to assess flavonoid intake.     

我国常见水果类黄酮物质的含量

目的测定我国常见水果5种类黄酮物质的含量。方法水果样品分别采用北京、天津、上海、杭州,采用高效液相色谱法测定槲皮素、坎二菲醇、玉米黄酮、杨梅黄酮、芹菜配基含量。结果在38种水果中,石榴、山楂、红提类黄酮物质含量最为丰富;在5种类黄酮物质中,槲皮素分布最广,含量最为丰富;我国居民每日人均水果5种类黄酮物质摄入量约为2.80mg,其中槲皮素占83.9%。结论不同水果类黄酮物质含量差异较大;槲皮素是水果中最为常见的类黄酮物质。     

Inhibition of Cell Growth and VEGF Expression in Ovarian Cancer Cells by Flavonoids

Dietary flavonoids have been shown to be protective against various types of cancers. Here we studied the effects of 12 different flavonoids and other substances on cell proliferation and VEGF expression in human ovarian cancer cells, OVCAR-3. Cell growth was determined to pinpoint the best time for drug treatment. By LDH assay, no cytotoxicity was observed for OVCAR-3 cells with all 12 chemicals except mevinolin. Six flavonoids, including apigenin, taxifolin, luteolin, quercetin, genistein, and kaempferol, were shown to inhibit the ovarian cancer cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. From both RT-qPCR and ELISA results, all flavonoids have shown varied degrees of inhibition in VEGF expression. Taxifolin and naringin showed the least inhibition effect. They both lack a double bond in the second ring structure that may be important in inhibiting VEGF expression. The rank order of VEGF protein secretion inhibitory potency was genistein > kaempferol > apigenin > quercetin > tocopherol > luteolin > cisplatin > rutin > naringin > taxifolin. Genistein, quercetin, and luteolin have shown strong inhibition to cell proliferation and VEGF expression of human ovarian cancer cells, and they show promising in the prevention of ovarian cancers.     

Characterization of phenolic compounds,carotenoids, vitamins and antioxidant activities of selected Malaysian wild edible plants

This study was carried out to characterize phenolic compounds, carotenoids, vitamins and the antioxidant activity of selected wild edible plants. Plant extracts were purified, and phenolic compounds comprising 11 phenolic acids (hydroxybenzoic acid and hydrocinnamic acid) and 33 flavonoids (including catechin, glycosides and aglycones) were analysed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography - Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD). Furthermore, the contents of ascorbic acid and tocopherol ((α and γ tocopherol) and carotenoids (lutein and β-carotene) were also determined. The major phenolics identified consisted of glycosides of flavones (apigenin and luteolin) and flavonols (kaempferol and quercetin). Among the phenolic acids identified after hydrolysis, coumaric acid was the predominant phenolic acid in all the extracts of wild plants. Ascorbic acid [53.8 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW)] and β-carotene (656.5 mg/100 g FW) showed the highest content in the leaf of Heckeria umbellatum. In conclusion, the leaves of H. umbellatum, Aniseia martinicensis and Gonostegia hirta have excellent potential in the future to emerge as functional ingredients.     

Antioxidant characteristics of honey from Mozambique based on specific flavonoids and phenolic acid compounds

The most recent guidelines of IUPAC and AOAC recommend the analysis of specific compounds present in antioxidant fractions. For the first time, honey from different provinces of North (Nampula) and Central Mozambique (Sofala, Manica and Zambezia) was analysed considering specific flavonoids and phenolic acid profiles. Seven phenolic acids (chlorogenic, caffeic, ellagic, ferulic, gallic, p-coumaric and sinapic) and eight flavonoids (catechin, chrysin, kaempferol, luteolin, naringenin, pinocembrin, quercetin and rutin) were screened in the samples. Nampula honey had a higher content of most of these compounds and the total antioxidant activity (even reaching up to 40 mg TE/100 g) compared honey from the other provinces. Unlike in other African honeys, luteolin had the greatest impact in the flavonoid content (in some cases up to 72 mg/100 g), representing alone more than 50% of this family. Resulting from a discriminant analysis, specific flavonoids (pinocembrin, kaempferol, rutin and catechin) followed by the chlorogenic phenolic acid were the most important variables that distinguishes Nampula from the other provinces. This work underlines the importance of Mozambiquean honey as a source of natural antioxidants both of which concern the health benefits and its exploitation as a viable and sustainable income for the local population.