经伤椎椎弓根同种异体骨植骨结合椎弓根内固定系统治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

目的 探讨经骨折椎椎弓根同种异体骨植骨结合椎弓根内固定系统治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的方法和效果.方法 采用经伤椎椎弓根同种异体骨植骨,椎弓根螺钉复位内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折53例,术前、术后及随访时摄X线片及CT检查,观察椎体高度有无丢失,内固定有无断裂、松动.结果 随访无排异反应,骨折愈合良好,未出现椎体高度再丢失,无内固定松动、断裂.结论 经伤椎椎弓根同种异体骨植骨联合椎弓根内固定系统治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折,可恢复伤椎椎体高度,重建脊柱前中柱的稳定性,防止后期椎体高度的再丢失和内固定的松动、断裂.     

经椎弓根植骨结合GSS-Ⅱ型内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

目的探讨经椎弓根椎体植骨在胸腰椎爆裂性骨折中的应用和疗效。方法采用经椎弓根伤椎植骨,GSS-Ⅱ型系统复位内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折22例,术前、术后及随访时摄X线片及CT检查,观察椎体高度有无丢失,内固定有无断裂、松动。结果随访均未出现明显椎体高度再丢失,无一例发生内固定断裂、松动。结论胸腰椎爆裂性骨折经椎弓根伤椎植骨、GSS-Ⅱ型内固定后,可恢复伤椎椎体高度,重建前中柱的稳定性,防止术后椎体高度的再丢失和内固定的松动、断裂。     

骨质疏松性胸腰椎爆裂骨折的手术治疗策略

目的探讨骨质疏松性胸腰椎爆裂骨折的治疗方法。方法对28例骨质疏松性胸腰椎爆裂骨折采用经椎弓根植骨后路短节段椎弓根内固定,椎间盘变性破裂者切除椎间盘行椎体间植骨融合术。结果患者术后伤椎前缘高度和Cobb角恢复满意,患者获随访24～36个月,伤椎矫正度无明显丢失。结论经椎弓根植骨内固定治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎爆裂骨折远期疗效满意,对椎间盘破裂者需同时切除椎间盘行椎体间充分植骨融合。     

经椎弓根椎体植骨及AF内固定治疗重度胸腰椎压缩性骨折

目的：探讨经椎弓根椎体植骨在重度胸腰椎压缩骨折中的作用和远期疗效．方法：采用经椎弓根椎体植骨，AF系统复位、内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折32例，术前、术后及随访时摄X线检查，测量观察椎体高度有无丢失，内固定有无断裂、松动情况发生。结果：全部随访病例未出现明显的椎体高度的再丢失，无一例发生内固定断裂、松动。结论：重度胸腰椎压缩骨折经椎弓根椎体植骨、AF内固定后，可恢复伤椎椎体高度，重建前中柱的稳定性，防止术后椎体的再丢失和内固定的松动、断裂。     

经伤椎椎弓根固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的探讨经伤椎椎弓根固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的可行性和疗效。方法采用经伤椎椎弓根固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折26例。结果本组随访6～18个月,术后椎体高度、Cobb角对比术前明显改善。结论经伤椎椎弓根固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折是可行的,不仅使伤椎复位满意,矫正后凸畸形,而且可减少内固定松动、断裂,是治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的有效方法。     

经椎弓根植骨治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的评估经椎弓根植骨在治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折中的作用。方法胸腰椎爆裂性骨折32例,采用后路短节段椎弓根复位内固定后,取自体髂骨剪成碎沫状,经伤椎椎弓根植入伤椎椎体内。术前、术后及随访期间拍摄胸腰椎X线片,测量伤椎高度与正常高度的比值、脊柱后凸Cobb角,对测量数据作统计学分析。结果术后伤椎中央高度、脊柱后凸Cobb角得到明显恢复,未发生内置物断裂和螺钉松动现象,随访期间无明显矫正度丢失。结论经伤椎椎弓根椎体内植骨是一种防止内固定失败和矫正度丢失的有效方法。     

伤椎单侧置钉植骨治疗Denis B型胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床研究

目的探讨后路伤椎单侧椎弓根置钉并对侧经椎弓根植骨治疗Denis B型胸腰椎爆裂骨折的远期临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2004年1月至2010年12月,采用后路伤椎单侧椎弓根置钉并结合对侧经椎弓根椎体内植骨治疗且获得完整随访的Denis B型胸腰椎爆裂骨折46例,其中男33例,女13例;年龄21~64岁,平均(42.0±21.4)岁。按Denis骨折分型均为爆裂性损伤B型单椎体不稳定骨折。于术前、随访期间拍X线片观察内固定在取出前是否出现内固定松动及断裂,通过CT观察椎体内植骨愈合情况,测量并比较分析Cobb角大小及伤椎椎体前、中、后缘高度压缩百分比。结果 46例患者获得36~49个月随访,平均39.7个月。内固定在取出前无松动和断裂。术后1周内Cobb角及椎体前、中、后缘压缩百分比与术前比较均明显变小,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而终末随访与术后1周内、内固定取出前比较此4项指标无明显变化,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。CT扫描显示椎体内植骨颗粒均获得骨性愈合。结论在后路短节段椎弓根内固定同时,采用后路伤椎单侧椎弓根置钉并结合对侧经椎弓根椎体内单侧植骨治疗Denis B型胸腰椎爆裂骨折,有利于矫正后凸畸形和恢复伤椎椎体高度,使后路短节段椎弓根螺钉有更加牢固的固定效果,防止术后伤椎椎体高度和矫正度丢失。     

伤椎椎弓根固定治疗胸腰椎骨折52例分析

目的 探讨胸腰椎骨折经伤椎椎弓根直接复位内固定的可行性和疗效.方法 采用经伤椎椎弓根固定胸腰椎骨折52例,术前、术后随访摄片观察椎体高度有无丢失,内固定物有无松动.结果 随访13～17个月,平均(14.97±1.12)个月.术前、术后伤椎椎体前缘高度比和Cobb氏角恢复良好,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),未出现内固定物松动和断裂.结论 胸腰椎骨折经伤椎椎弓根固定有利于恢复椎体高度,维持矫正效果,内固定系统固定牢固,显著增强了脊柱的强度和稳定性.     

经伤椎椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折28例临床体会

目的探讨经伤椎椎弓根固定在胸腰椎爆裂骨折中的疗效。方法对28例胸腰椎爆裂性骨折给予伤椎及上下邻椎钉棒系统椎弓根螺钉内固定,并行椎板切除减压,横突间植骨融合。结果经过14～32个月,平均18.4个月随访,术前伤椎椎体压缩率(56.3±12.1)%,Cobb角(16.8±7.9)°;术后12周伤椎椎体压缩率(16.5±7.9)%,Cobb角(7.4±6.1)°。手术前后伤椎椎体压缩率和Cobb角差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论经伤椎椎弓根固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折具有即时复位程度高、术后椎体高度和后凸矫正丢失少的优点。     

经椎弓根有限减压椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的探讨经伤椎椎弓根有限减压、植骨融合、椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2008-08—2014-08采用经伤椎椎弓根有限减压、自体骨植骨融合、椎弓根钉内固定治疗的89例胸腰椎爆裂骨折。结果所有患者获得平均14.6(9~24)个月随访。术后即刻及末次随访时伤椎Cobb角、椎体前缘高度比值、椎体后缘高度比值、椎管狭窄率较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后即刻及末次随访伤椎Cobb角、椎体前缘高度比值、椎体后缘高度比值、椎管狭窄率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论经伤椎椎弓根有限减压、自体骨植骨融合、椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折具有脊椎稳定结构破坏小、减压充分、植骨融合率高、神经功能恢复满意等优点。     

Characteristics of the receptors in the isolated capsule of the hip in the cat

Summary The properties of the afferent fibres from the capsule of the hip joint have been studied in the cat in situ, in relation to joint rotation, and in an isolated capsule preparation which was opened and stretched directly with an actuator.In situ two types of afferent fibres were found, those having a full range of sensitivity and others having only a limited range in response to the joint rotation. When studied in isolated tissue the afferent fibres of the capsule were uniform in threshold and sensitivities, and no full range receptors were found. We conclude that the full range receptors which enter the articular nerve of the hip are spindle afferents and not capsule receptors. On the basis of these and previous results in animals and man the role of joint receptors in kinaesthesia and position sense is discussed.

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Résumé Les auteurs ont étudié les propriétés des nerfs afférents à la capsule de la hanche, chez le chat en imprimant à l'articulation des mouvements de rotation et sur des préparations de capsule isolée et ouverte en l'étirant directement grâce à un dispositif mécanique.In situ, on a trouvé deux types de nerfs afférents, les uns ayant en réponse à la rotation articulaire une étendue complète de sensibilité et les autres seulement une sensibilité limitée. Sur la capsule isolée les nerfs afférents sont indentiques en ce qui concerne le seuil et la sensibilité et on ne trouve aucun récepteur complet. On en conclut que les récepteurs de toute l'étendue de la sensibilité qui pénètrent les nerfs articulaires de la hanche sont des fibres en fuseau d'origine musculaire et non des récepteurs capsulaires. Sur ces bases et sur les résultats précédemment obtenus chez l'animal et chez l'homme, les auteurs discutent le rôle des récepteurs articulaires dans la cénesthésie et le sens des positions.

     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

缺血后处理对保护皮瓣的作用机制研究

目的：缺血后处理已经在心、肾等器官上广泛应用,进行相关研究进一步探究缺血后处理对皮瓣有否保护作用。方法：健康成年新西兰大白兔,分为3组。A组为给予缺血后处理;B组为再灌注前5min给予A2A阻滞剂SCH58261＋缺血后处理。C组,直接应用微血管夹阻断腹壁浅血管持续缺血6h后,恢复正常血供。分别进行中性粒细胞浸润,MPO含量和皮瓣存活率检测。结果：新西兰大白兔完全存活。B、C组相比较,中性粒细胞计数以及MPO含量也未见统计学差别（P〉0.005）。实验组皮瓣存活面积比较,B与C相比较,无统计学意义（P〉0.005）,但是A与B、C相比较,上述指标两两之间都有统计学意义差别（P〈0.005）。结论：缺血后处理对皮瓣再灌注损伤有保护作用,该作用可能和A2A受体性质有关。     

胫骨平台骨折与膝关节功能关系的研究

目的探讨胫骨平台骨折复位后的骨折位置情况与膝关节功能的关系。方法对46例胫骨平台骨折患者治疗前后进行螺旋CT三维重建检查,了解关节面损伤、复位情况并作出相应的影像学评分（包括胫骨平台移位程度评分、损伤面积评分、粉碎程度评分、总评分）,治疗后6、12、18个月随访并对膝关节功能进行评价。将影像学评分与膝关节功能评分进行相关性分析。结果胫骨平台骨折移位程度评分为15.09分±2.19分,损伤面积评分为3.60分±0.98分,粉碎程度评分为2.18分±0.21分,总评分为20.55分±3.91分。膝关节功能评分为27.7分±3.14分。结论在胫骨平台骨折中,就骨折因素而言,膝关节的功能与平台治疗后整个的位置情况相关。在膝关节稳定情况下,胫骨平台一定范围的骨折移位（塌陷或增宽〈10 mm）在近期内对膝关节的功能影响不大。     

The Central Role of the Nose in the Face and the Psyche: Review of the Nose and the Psyche

Background According to statistics released by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons in 2006, rhinoplasty is one of the most sought after aesthetic surgeries by ethnic patients and teenagers. It also is the most requested aesthetic operation by patients with body dysmorphic disorder. The psychosocial aspect of rhinoplasty is undeniable. Tagliacozzi in 1567 and Joseph more than a century ago were already aware of this aspect. Methods Using the terms “rhinoplasty,” “patients selection,” “psychological aspect,” and psychological outcome,” 30 studies were selected through searches of the MEDLINE, PUBMED, and EMBASE databases,. This review aimed to analyze how the most acknowledged experts of psychology, facial plastic surgery, and plastic surgery who have worked on the psychological outcome for rhinoplasty during the past century considered the nose–psyche relationship and the influence of rhinoplasty at the psychological level. Results The link between rhinoplasty, psychology, and social environment has been discussed by many important authors during the past century. All of them, independently of their field of study, have stressed that it is critical for surgeons to be aware of their responsibility regarding both the physical and emotional levels. There is evidence that an official preoperative interview is lacking. Conclusions To recognize the importance of rhinoplasty’s psychological implications, it is critical to make a good selection of patients seeking this operation and to have a good outcome. To this end, the preoperative interview is fundamental. Surgeons should be competent at both the psychological and surgical levels.     

带蒂皮瓣蒂部及供瓣区处理方法的改进

目的介绍带蒂皮瓣蒂部及供瓣区封闭方法及临床应用。方法临床应用102例患者,带蒂皮瓣切取后,供瓣区直接缝合或采用邻近皮瓣修复,然后将供受区创缘缝合串联在一起,再将带蒂皮瓣转位覆盖。结果术后带蒂皮瓣成活良好。供瓣区直接缝合者86例,采用邻近皮瓣修复供瓣区者16例9,9例（97.1%）所有切口均一期愈合。结论采用本方法有利于供瓣区的封闭及皮瓣成活,操作简单,后期较为美观。     

眼轴线后部眶容积值的CT测量

目的:通过对20例头颅标本后部眼眶填砂CT扫描测量和量筒测量的对比,观察CT影像测量的精确度;进一步应用CT影像技术测定正常成年人后部眶容积正常值。方法:从备用的20例颅骨标本中随机选择5例标本进行2mm层厚、13组不同窗宽和窗位组合的CT冠状扫描测量后部眼眶容积并与量筒直接测量法进行对比,选择出误差最小、最精确的窗宽和窗位组合,以此组合对所余颅骨标本的后部眼眶容积进行扫描,将所得值和量筒直接测量值进行比较研究。对30例(男15、女15)正常成年人(年龄24～45岁)后部眶容积值进行测量。结果:20具颅骨标本后部眼眶CT测量法平均值为(15.91±1.62)ml,量筒直接测量法为(15.87±1.70)ml,两种方法对比无明显差别(P>0.05);量筒直接测量法左眼为(16.04±1.84)ml,右眼为(15.70±1.62)ml,左、右眼无显著性差异(P>0.05);正常人男性后部眶容积值为(18.58±1.47)ml、女性为(16.84±1.53)ml,统计学上有显著性差异(P<0.01);左眼为(17.70±1.74)ml,右眼为(17.72±1.73)ml,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:采用三维螺旋CT测量标本眼眶中砂子体积时,窗宽和窗位1600HU和500HU为最佳组合;左、右眼后部眶容积值无明显差异;三维螺旋CT是测量眼眶容积值的一种精确、可靠的测量方法。依据患者的健侧眼眶和正常人的后部眼眶容积值对患侧眼眶的眶容积做出判定,以指导眼眶疾病的早期诊断、病情预测和治疗。     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

国产与进口6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液容量治疗疗效和安全性的对比研究

目的 与进口6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液进行对比性研究,评价国产6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液的有效性及安全性.方法 患者随机分为研究组123例,对照组117例,术中输注研究药物或对照药物10 ml·kg-1·h-1,输注时间 2 h,期间观察患者生命体征,记录液体出入量与合并用药,比较术前和输注后血常规、血电解质、凝血功能、肝肾功能、尿常规指标变化;并记录术中不良事件发生与处理.结果 两组患者用药期间BP、HR、SpO2均能维持正常,BP和HR的变化率两组间差异无统计学意义.两组患者术中出入量、应用血管活性药物及应用血液制品人数与用量组间差异无统计学意义.输注后两组Hct、Hb下降幅度一致,血K+、Na+略低于应用前,血Cl-高于应用前,血糖有升高,PT、APTT时间延长,TT时间略缩短.肝功能ALT、AST超过正常值1.5倍的两组各有4例.肾功能BUN、Cr研究组有11例,对照组7例高于正常.结论 国产6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液用于全麻下非心脏外科手术患者术中容量治疗扩容效果安全可靠,与进口6%羟乙基淀粉130/0.4注射液作用相似.     

指动脉中段背侧支岛状皮瓣的设计与应用

目的 探索一种修复第2～5指远节皮肤缺损的方法。方法 以指固有动脉中段背侧支为蒂,设计手指中节指背岛状皮瓣。如需重建指腹感觉,在切取皮瓣时,则应于皮瓣近端保留适当长度的指固有神经背侧支（小指为指背神经）,以便与伤指指固有神经断端吻合。2005年2月至2010年5月,应用此方法修复54例手指远节皮肤缺损,共61指,其中指腹缺损35指,指端缺损26指。结果 皮肤缺损最大面积2.2 cm ×2.5 cm,皮瓣切取最大面积2.4 cm ×2.7 cm。61指皮瓣全部成活,3指术后2天皮瓣远端出现水泡,未予以处理。术后7d水泡开始萎缩吸收,术后14 d水泡消退,皮瓣成活。54例均获得随访。随访时间5个月～1年10个月,平均11个月。皮瓣质地色泽好,外形良好,指腹较饱满,恢复痛温觉,两点辨别距离6～9 mm。按感觉功能评定标准为S4。患指指间关节活动正常。结论 指动脉中段背侧支岛状皮瓣,是一种较理想的修复远节手指皮肤缺损的方法。