自体四股腘绳肌腱Rigidfix和Intrafix固定重建前交叉韧带

背景：以自体腘绳肌腱rigidfix、Intrafix固定重建前交叉韧带是现在较流行的手术方式,但缺乏中长期临床疗效的评价。目的：评估股骨端应用Rigidfix、胫骨端应用Intrafix固定自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的中期临床疗效。方法：对39例前交叉韧带损伤患者在关节镜下行自体4股腘绳肌腱Rigidfix和Intrafix固定重建前交叉韧带,进行2年以上中期随访,并应用Lyshlom、IKDC、Tegner评分对治疗后临床疗效进行系统的评价。结果与结论：经过至少2年的随访发现应用Rigidfix和Intrafix内固定患者在IKDC、Lysholm评分明显高于治疗前(P<0.01)。证实在关节镜下应用自体4股腘绳肌腱Rigidfix和Intrafix重建前交叉韧带具有良好的中期临床疗效,但若大规模的使用,目前尚缺乏长期的临床随访结果。     

自体肌腱移植双束解剖重建内侧髌股韧带治疗髌骨脱位

背景:对于髌骨不稳的治疗,临床上一般分为保守和手术治疗,其中手术治疗方法众多,每种方法各有侧重,对于使用何种方法治疗髌骨不稳,目前仍没有形成统一的共识.目的:探讨应用自体移植肌腱双束解剖重建内侧髌股韧带治疗髌骨脱位.方法:选择安徽医科大学第一附属医院骨科行膝关节镜辅助下内侧髌股韧带重建髌骨脱位患者46例,所有患者均采用自体移植肌腱双束解剖重建.结果与结论:重建后随访2~16个月,观察患者关节稳定性及灵活度.46例患者随访期间未见严重并发症,患膝轻度伸直受限1例,重建后均未见髌骨复发脱位.重建后随访Lysholm膝关节评分和Kujala评分均高于重建前(P < 0.01).结果证实,采用膝关节镜辅助下自体移植肌腱双束解剖重建内侧髌股韧带治疗髌骨脱位效果较好.     

自体肌腱移植修复膝关节内侧副韧带Ⅲ度损伤

背景：对于合并交叉韧带损伤的年轻且运动水平较高的患者易出现Ⅲ度膝关节内侧副韧带损伤,直接修复损伤韧带以及肌肉肌腱转位加强等传统重建方法会遗留内侧副韧带复合体松弛的情况。目的：探讨自体肌腱移植修复膝关节内侧副韧带Ⅲ度损伤的效果。方法：对Ⅲ度膝关节内侧副韧带损伤患者47例采取修复重建方法治疗,在解剖修复内侧副韧带基础上游离移植自体半腱肌腱、骨-髌韧带-骨、腘绳肌腱重建内侧副韧带浅层。结果与结论：最终37例患者得到随访,随访时间平均48个月。37例患者Lysholm评分、IKDC评分、Tegner最终随访评分、外翻应力位X射线片内侧关节间隙较健侧增宽的距离均较重建前明显改善,差异均有显著性意义（P 〈0.05）。按临床疗效评分为重建后优12例,良18例,中4例,差3例,优良率81%。结果证实,自体肌腱移植修复膝关节内侧副韧带Ⅲ度损伤效果良好,骨-髌韧带-骨及腘绳肌腱均是可供选择的移植物。     

关节镜辅助下治疗髌骨不稳定的效果分析

目的对比分析改良Maquet三联手术与关节镜辅助下自体腘绳肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗髌骨不稳定的临床疗效。方法选取2009年1月至2012年12月因髌骨不稳定住院治疗的患者90例,实验组采取关节镜辅助下自体腘绳肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗,对照组采取改良Maquet三联手术治疗,对比分析两组患者手术前后外侧髌股角、髌骨适合角及髌骨外移程度,同时对于所有患者术后进行为期12个月的随访,对比两组患者的Lysholm评分(LKSS)和Kujala评分,并复查两组患者的膝关节正侧位及屈膝60°X线平片。结果两组患者术后的外侧髌骨角均显著大于术前,髌骨适合角及髌骨外移程度均显著小于术前(P0.01);且实验组的外侧髌骨角、髌骨适合角和髌骨外移程度改善优于对照组(P0.01)。术后12个月两组患者的Lysholm评分和Kujala评分均显著高于术前(P0.01),且实验组术后12个月的两组评分均显著高于对照组(P0.01)。结论关节镜辅助下自体腘绳肌腱重建内侧髌股韧带治疗髌骨不稳定相比于传统开放性手术,可取得较好的术后疗效,同时有效防止术后复发,值得临床进一步推广。     

自体半腱肌腱游离移植重建内侧髌股韧带治疗创伤性复发性髌骨脱物

回顾性分析2002-06/2005-12本科收治的创伤性复发性髌骨脱位11例,男5例,女6例,年龄15～26岁.X射线平片显示无股骨髁部发育异常.Lysholm评分移植前平均(75.5±4.7)分.分别采用自体半腱肌腱游离移植重建内侧髌股韧带.随访时间大于6个月.移植后膝关节稳定性增加,无髌骨再脱位发生.恐惧试验阴性,髌骨倾斜试验对称.髌骨轴位X射线平片显示髌股关节解剖关系恢复正常10例,髌骨轻度半脱位1例.移植后Lysholm评分平均(94.8±2.6)分.自体肌腱游离移植重建髌股韧带是治疗复发性脱位的一种有效方法.     

髌骨单隧道与双隧道重建内侧髌骨韧带的临床疗效对比

目的:对比观察髌骨单隧道重建和双隧道重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位的临床效果。方法:选取2010年6月~2016年5月在关节镜下行内侧髌股韧带重建治疗的47例复发性髌骨脱位患者作为研究对象,按照治疗方法的不同分为髌骨单隧道重建组22例和髌骨双隧道重建组25例,术后复查记录两组的再脱位的病例数、髌骨倾斜角和Kujala评分,进行膝关节功能评估。结果:所有患者随访12个月以上,平均随访时间39个月,无再脱位病例;治疗后两组患者的Kujala评分均较治疗前升高,差异均有统计学意义,P0.05;而治疗后两组患者的Kujala评分相比较,差异无统计学意义,P0.05;治疗后两组患者的髌骨倾斜角比治疗前均有缩小,差异有统计学意义,P0.05;而治疗后两组患者的髌骨倾斜角相比较,差异均无统计学意义,P0.05。结论:髌骨单隧道和双隧道重建内侧髌股韧带均能恢复髌骨稳定性,提高膝关节功能,两种手术方法的临床疗效无明显差异,但是单隧道重建方法简单、创伤小、手术时间更短,更利于患者恢复。     

自体富血小板血浆联合关节镜下重建术治疗前交叉韧带损伤的临床研究

目的：研究富血小板血浆联合关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带的临床疗效。方法：选取2018年1月~2019年1月在娄底市中心医院行膝关节前交叉韧带重建术患者30例患者,根据随机数字表法分为对照组和试验组各15例。对照组采用关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带,试验组采用自体富血小板血浆联合关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带。比较两组患者在不同时间段内的IKDC检查评分,并使用Lysholm量表判断膝关节功能恢复情况,比较并发症发生情况。结果：术前两组IKDC评分、Lysholm评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;术后两组IKDC评分、Lysholm评分均较术前上升,且试验组各项评分均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组治疗及随访期末发生并发症。结论：自体富血小板联合关节镜下自体腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带,可以缓解疼痛并改善膝关节功能。     

半腱肌重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位

目的探讨关节镜辅助下外侧髌骨支持带松解和半腱肌游离移植重建内侧髌股韧带治疗复发性髌骨脱位的疗效。方法本组21例病人（25个膝关节）,男4例,女17例,其中4例女性为双膝,所有病人均有外伤病史,髌骨反复脱位至少2次以上,5例病人合并有膝关节游离体。膝关节X线片及MR I示髌骨内侧关节面有相应的骨损伤,行外侧支持带松解后采用自体半腱肌重建内侧髌股韧带。结果所有病人术后均获得1.5~3.5年随访,平均2.1年,全部病例术后髌骨脱位未见复发,无脱位恐惧感。关节活动恢复正常。采用Lysholm临床评分系统对膝关节功能进行评估,术后平均评分91分。结论关节镜辅助下半腱肌重建内侧髌股韧带,是治疗髌骨复发性脱位的一种理想的手术方法。     

关节镜下四股腘绳肌腱悬吊固定重建前交叉韧带的中期疗效观察

背景:以腘绳肌腱重建前交叉韧带股骨侧的固定方法有多种,如内置纽扣、界面螺钉等,每种重建方式都有各自的优点和缺点.目的:回顾性总结关节镜下微孔纽扣钢板悬吊固定4股自体腘绳肌肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带的中期临床效果.方法:对2005-05/2007-06内蒙古医学院第二附属医院运动医学外科收治的,关节镜下采用微孔纽扣钢板悬吊固定4股自体胴绳肌肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带的42例患者进行术后至少2.5年的随访.采用Lyshlom功能评分、IKDC2000评分来评价其临床效果.结果与结论:42例患者术后获得3.1(2.5～4)年随访.术前Lysholm膝关节评分法评分为(44.34±7.12)分,末次随访时为(86.60±6.48)分;术前IKDC2000评分为(48.46±17.53)分,末次随访时IKDC2000评分为(92.42±5.87)分.手术前后两种评分比较差异均有显著性意义(P＜0.01).说明关节镜下以微孔纽扣钢板悬吊崮定4股自体胭绳肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带,可以取得比较满意的中期临床疗效.     

自体半腱肌移植重建内侧髌股韧带治疗髌骨不稳定

目的探讨内侧髌股韧带重建术治疗复发性髌骨脱位及半脱位的手术方法及临床疗效。方法经临床关节镜检查诊断的髌骨脱位及半脱位患者8例(10膝),在行半腱肌重建内侧髌股韧带的基础上,配合胫骨结节内移及股薄肌前移等手术治疗。手术前后均对患者的膝关节功能进行Lysholm评分。结果8例患者随访2～14个月(平均8个月),术后膝关节稳定性增加,无髌骨再脱位发生,恐惧试验均为阴性。Lysholm评分术前平均(78.3&#177;3.8),术后平均(93.2&#177;3.3)。结论半腱肌重建内侧髌股韧带为主的综合术式治疗髌骨不稳定能有效防止其复发,对维持髌骨的稳定有重要作用。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Wie zuverlässig sind Angaben zu nichtentzündlichen ausgedehnten Schmerzen?

ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.