妇科恶性肿瘤患者术后血液血栓前状态的检测

目的：探讨妇科恶性肿瘤患者血栓前状态生物指标的变化。方法：检测38例妇科恶性肿瘤患者手术前后及20例正常非孕妇女的血管性血友病因子（vWF)、血小板α－颗粒膜蛋白（GMP－140）、抗凝血酶（AT－Ⅲ）、蛋白C依赖的活化部分凝血酶原时间（PCAT）、纤溶酶原（PLG）、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物（PAI）、D－二聚体和组织纤溶酶原激活物（t-PA)等指标。结果：妇科恶性肿瘤患者术前vWF含量、GMP－140、AT－Ⅲ、PLG、PAI、D－二聚体均比对照组高（P＜0．01），而术后升高更明显；PCAT手术前、后均明显低于正常非孕妇女；而组织纤溶酶原激活物（t-PA) 则无显著性改变（P＞0．05）。结论：提示妇科恶性肿瘤患者术前血液呈血栓前状态，术后呈更明显的血栓前状态。     

2型糖尿病患者血栓通治疗前后血栓状态变化

目的观察血栓通治疗2型糖尿病患者血栓状态的变化.方法将86例2型糖尿病患者随机分成两组,A组:血栓通组,B组:对照组,采用酶免法及显色法测定血小板α颗粒膜糖蛋白质-140(GMP-140)、组织纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物(PAI)、血管性假血友病因子(vWF)四项标志物变化.结果血栓通组患者治疗后GMP-140、PAI、vWF明显降低,而t-PA活性升高,与治疗前对比差异有显著意义(P＜0.01);B组治疗前后无差异(P＞0.05);A组治疗后各标志物变化与B组对比有显著差异(P＜0.01).结论血栓通能显著降低GMP-140、PAI、vWF,而且还能升高t-PA活性,具有调节纤溶系统功能及抗凝作用.     

血栓前状态与糖尿病肾病相关因素的研究

目的:观察2型糖尿病(DM)患者血栓前状态(PTS)指标在糖尿病肾病(DN)各期的水平,探讨其在DN发生、发展中的作用.方法:检测30例正常人和90例2型DM患者血栓前状态指标:Von willebrand因子(VWF)、血栓调节蛋白(TM)、血小板γ-颗粒膜蛋白(GMP-140),蛋白C活性(PC)、抗凝血酶Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)、凝血酶-抗凝血酶复合物(TAT),组织纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA),纤溶酶原激活物抑制物(PAI).结果:①DM各组血浆PC、TAT、VWF水平高于正常对照组,t-PA水平、AT-Ⅲ活性低于正常对照组,在DM无并发症时即出现上述改变(P＜0.01);②血浆PAI、TM、GMP-140水平在正常白蛋白尿组出现有统计学意义的升高(P均＜0.05).结论:①DM在无并发症时,即存在PTS;②PC、TAT、VWF、t-PA、AT-Ⅲ活性检测有助于PTS诊断;③PAI、TM、GMP-140是早期诊断DN较敏感的指标,并能反映DN的发生和发展,与尿白蛋白排泄量(UAE)联合检测有助于早期诊断DN.     

围生期血栓前状态分子标志物的检测

目的　研究具有高危因素的孕产妇血栓前状态相关分子标志物的变化。方法　选取具有高危因素的孕产妇 2 5 8例、正常晚期妊娠妇女 2 0例及门诊体检健康非妊娠妇女 2 0例 ,分别测定各组血浆中血管性血友病因子 (vWF)、血小板α -颗粒膜蛋白 (GMP - 14 0 )、抗凝血酶 -Ⅲ (AT -Ⅲ )、蛋白C系统筛选 (PCATProCGlobal)、纤维蛋白原 (Fbg)、纤溶酶原 (PLG)、组织纤溶酶原激活物 (t-PA)及其抑制物 (PAI)、D -二聚体 (D -Dimer)的含量。结果　正常妊娠时血浆内vWF ,PLG ,PAI,D -Dimer,Fbg含量升高 (P <0 0 1) ,AT -Ⅲ降低 (P <0 0 1) ,而GMP - 14 0 ,PCAT ,t-PA则无显著性变化 (P >0 0 5 ) ;具有高危因素的孕产妇较同龄孕产妇血浆内vWF ,GMP - 14 0 ,PLG ,PAI,D-Dimer,Fbg含量明显升高 (P <0 0 1) ,PCAT ,AT -Ⅲ显著降低 (P <0 0 1) ,而t -PA则无显著性变化 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　妊娠期妇女尤其是具有高危因素的孕产妇血液处于明显的血栓前状态 ;对孕产妇 ,尤其是具有高危因素的孕产妇应采取预防为主的措施     

血栓前体蛋白与同型半胱氨酸在血栓前状态中的价值

目的：探讨缺血性心、脑血管疾病血浆中血栓前体蛋白（TpP）、同型半胱氨酸（t-Hcy）水平在早期诊断血栓前状态中的价值. 方法：采用ELISA法测定60例患者及20 例正常人血浆中血管性血友病因子（vWF）、P-选择素（GMP-140）、组织型纤溶酶原激活物（t-PA）、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物（PAI）、凝血酶-抗凝血酶复合物（TAT）、纤溶酶-抗纤溶酶复合物（PAP）、D-D二聚体（D-Dimer）、血栓前体蛋白（TpP）、t-Hcy含量. 全自动血凝仪检测血浆凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）和血浆纤维蛋白原（Fg）,分析各项指标在诊断血栓前状态时的特异性及敏感性并进行比较. 结果：① 60例患者血浆中vWF,GMP-140, t-PA, PAI, TAT, TpP, t-Hcy均显著高于正常对照（P﹤0.001）;TpP, Hcy异常升高患者通过跟踪随访更易发展成为心肌梗死（AMI）、脑梗死. ② TpP, t-Hcy与其他指标相比,具有很高的敏感性与特异性. ③ PT, APTT在心、脑血栓形成前后无显著变化（P﹥0.05）. 结论：vWF, t-PA, PAI, GMP-140, TAT, PAP, D-Dimer, Fg, TpP, t-Hcy均可以作为早期诊断心、脑血管血栓形成前状态的分子标志物,而TpP, t-Hcy灵敏度、特异性高于其他各项,在早期判断血栓前状态时具有较高临床价值.     

血管内皮细胞损害与急性冠脉综合征患者凝血-纤溶状态改变的关系

目的研究血管内皮细胞损害与急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome, ACS)患者凝血-纤溶状态改变的关系,为临床治疗提供依据.方法以健康体检者35例,稳定型心绞痛患者35例为对照,回顾性分析了2003年1月至2005年7月,我院收治的35例ACS患者的循环内皮细胞(CEC)、血管性假血友病因子(vWF)、血浆纤溶酶原(PLG)、血浆组织型纤溶酶原激活物(tPA)活性、血浆纤溶酶原激活物抑制物(PAI),D-二聚体(D-D)及抗凝血酶Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)的测定值.结果 ACS患者的tPA、PLG及AT-Ⅲ活性明显低于正常对照及稳定型心绞痛组(P《0.01),但CEC、vWF及PAI、D-D水平明显高于后者(P《0.01).CEC与vWF、D-D水平呈显著正相关(rvWF=0.68, rD-D=0.68,P《0.05).结论血管内皮细胞损害是ACS患者凝血-纤溶病理改变的重要原因,CEC、vWF及D-D可作为疾病严重程度的判断指标.     

妇科恶性肿瘤患者术后血液血栓前状态76例临床检验

目的:对妇科恶性肿瘤患者在术后的血栓前状态所发生的生物指标变化进行研究。方法:选取妇科恶性肿瘤患者76例作为试验组,并选取40例正常的妇女作为对照组,对两组妇女的血管性血友病因子、血小板α-颗粒膜蛋白、抗凝血酶、纤溶酶原、纤溶酶原激活物抑制物、D-二聚体以及组织纤溶酶原激活物等一系列的指标进行检测。结果:妇科恶性肿瘤患者在术前,其血液所显示出来的是血栓前状态,在术后血液所显示出来的血栓前状态更明显。结论:对妇科恶性肿瘤患者在术后的血栓前状态呈现的各种指标进行综合的检测和分析,有助于减少术后并发症。     

妇科恶性肿瘤术后下肢深静脉血栓形成及手术前后凝血和纤溶系统的变化

目的 探讨妇科恶性肿瘤手术前、后患者凝血及纤溶分子标志物的变化及其临床意义。方法 选择25例如科恶性肿瘤，术前、术后1h、24h、3d、7d及26例门诊体检的正常妇女，分别采血检测血管性假血友病因子（vWF），血小板选择素（GMP140），凝血酶-抗凝血酶复合物（TAT）。纤溶酶-抗纤溶酶复合物（PAP），纤维蛋白原降解产物（FDP），D-二聚体（DD），抗凝血酶Ⅲ（ATⅢ），纤溶酶原（PLC），纤溶酶（PLM），组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性（tPA），纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物活性（PAI）。α2-纤溶酶抑制物活性（α2-AP）。结果 与对照组比较，妇科恶性肿瘤组患者术前即存在凝血功能亢进和纤溶系统功能紊乱，处于血栓前状态，术后1h、24h凝血和纤溶系统的变化最明显。结论 恶性肿瘤患者术后凝血和纤溶系统指标持续维持在较高的水平。若发生局部浸润、淋巴结或远处脏器转移时，极易发生血栓形成，术后必需加强凝血和纤溶系统指标监测。动态检测和分析这些指标有利于血栓前状态的判断，对血栓形成高危患者及早进行药物性预防，可减少血栓形成和提高对栓塞的治疗效果。     

妇科手术前后凝血和纤溶系统的变化研究

目的：从妇科手术前后患者机体凝血和纤溶系统发生的变化,探讨妇科手术中预防血栓形成的办法。方法：选择26例健康体检者为对照组,65例妇科手术患者作为研究组,其中非肿瘤组12例,良性肿瘤组28例和恶性肿瘤组25例,检测患者手术前后凝血、纤溶系统分子标志物：血管性假血友病因子（VWF）,血小板P选择素（GMP-140）,凝血酶-抗凝血酶复合物（TAT）,纤溶酶-抗纤溶酶复合物（PAP）,纤维蛋白原降解产物（FDP）,D-二聚体（DD）,抗凝血酶Ⅲ（ATⅢ）,纤溶酶（PLM）,纤溶酶原（PLG）,组织型纤溶酶原激活物活性（T-PA）,纤溶酶原激活剂抑制物活性（PAI）,a2-纤溶酶抑制物活性（a2-AP）。结果：与对照组比较,妇科恶性肿瘤组患者术前即存在凝血功能亢进和纤溶系统功能紊乱,处于血栓前状态,术后1、24h凝血和纤溶变化最明显。结论：对患者手术前后加强实验室凝血和纤溶指标的监测非常重要,有利于对血栓形成高危患者及早进行药物性预防,可大大减少血栓形成和提高对栓塞的治疗效果,并有助于观察病情变化与预后判断,减少手术患者的致残率和致死率有重要意义。     

阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症血栓前状态部分指标的检测

目的:了解PNH患者凝血、纤溶及血小板功能变化,从而对PNH患者有关的血栓前状态进行评估。方法:vWF:Ag、GMP-140采用酶联免疫法;t-PA:A、PAI:A采用发色底物法;PAgT采用TYXN-91凝血仪,ADP为诱导剂。结果:PNH组 vWF:Ag、GMP-140、t-PA:A与PAgT均明显高于对照组(P<0.01,P<0.05),PAI:A无显著性变化(P>0.05)。结论:PNH患者存在血管内皮细胞损伤与血小板活化,从而有利于血栓形成。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.