进一步改善血糖控制的简易方案

<正>患者男性,64岁主诉血糖升高8年。现病史患者8年前因多饮多尿在当地医院就诊,查随机血糖9.5mmol/L,被诊断为2型糖尿病。期间先后服用过二甲双胍、格列本脲、格列喹酮、罗格列酮、阿卡波糖等多种口服降糖药,后因血糖控制不佳,1年前开始接受胰岛素治疗,采用预混人胰岛素30R一天两次和二甲双胍500mg Tid。因使用预混人胰岛素     

睡前加服吡格列酮/二甲双胍片可改善预混胰岛素治疗的2型糖尿病患者黎明现象

目的:比较吡格列酮/二甲双胍复方片剂与单药二甲双胍片对预混胰岛素治疗的2型糖尿病患者黎明现象的影响。方法:选择2019年1-12月在荆门市第二人民医院住院的使用预混胰岛素治疗后行末梢血糖监测仍存在黎明现象的2型糖尿病患者54例,随机分为2组:吡格列酮/二甲双胍组(A组) 28例、二甲双胍组(B组) 26例。A组睡前加服吡格列酮/二甲双胍(吡格列酮15 mg、二甲双胍500 mg),B组睡前仅加服二甲双胍500 mg,动态监测血糖,根据情况适时减少胰岛素用量,治疗1周,比较2组治疗前、后空腹血糖及黎明现象严重程度(Δ黎明)。结果:治疗1周后,2组空腹血糖和Δ黎明较治疗前下降(P均0. 05);且A组下降更显著(P均0. 05)。结论:使用预混胰岛素治疗的2型糖尿病患者,睡前加服吡格列酮/二甲双胍片较二甲双胍单药能更有效改善黎明现象。     

探究利格列汀对二甲双胍联合吡格列酮控制不佳的2型糖尿病治疗效果

目的探究利格列汀对二甲双胍联合吡格列酮控制不佳的2型糖尿病治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2015年10月—2017年5月采用二甲双胍联合吡格列酮治疗效果不佳的2型糖尿病患者的病例资料,抽取其中一般资料差异无统计学意义的72例患者作为研究对象。依据治疗方式的不同分成对照组(36例)和观察组(36例)。给予对照组患者除了二甲双胍联合吡格列酮治疗外,再加上安慰剂进行治疗;而观察组则是二甲双胍+吡格列酮+利格列汀进行治疗。观察两组患者治疗前后的血糖水平,空腹胰岛素、胰岛β细胞功能指数和胰岛素抵抗指数等指标,以及治疗期间的不良反应。结果经治疗,观察组血糖水平,空腹胰岛素、胰岛β细胞功能指数和胰岛素抵抗指数等指标均优于对照组患者,且不良反应发生率低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论将利格列汀应用在经二甲双胍联合吡格列酮治疗却控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者中,能够加强患者的血糖稳定,控制病情,提高临床效果。     

利格列汀对二甲双胍联合吡格列酮控制不佳的2型糖尿病临床治疗效果

目的观察分析利格列汀对二甲双胍联合吡格列酮控制不佳的2型糖尿病的临床治疗效果。方法随机选取2014年9月—2015年9月收治的92例服用二甲双胍与吡格列酮4周后病情控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者,并将其分为观察组与对照组,每组46例。对照组患者在前药的基础上增加安慰剂进行治疗,给予观察组患者利格列汀联合二甲双胍及吡格列酮治疗,观察两组患者相关指标的变化情况。结果观察组患者的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、体质量指数及糖化血红蛋白均有明显下降(P0.05),对照组患者除空腹血糖外,相关指标水平无变化(P0.05)。结论利格列汀与二甲双胍及吡格列酮联合控制2型糖尿病患者的血糖及体质量的效果较二甲双胍联合吡格列酮优,值得在临床中推广应用。     

吡格列酮联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病的临床观察

T_2DM将161例单药血糖控制不佳的患者随机分为,吡格列酮+二甲双胍组(30mg q.d+500mg bid)为观察组、二甲双胍组(1000mg bid)为对照组。结果吡格列酮+二甲双胍组较二甲双胍单药组Hb Alc、AST、Cr、FBG下降更为明显。结论对于T_2DM,吡格列酮联合二甲双胍控制血糖效果优于极量单药二甲双胍。     

西格列汀或吡格列酮＋二甲双胍对单用二甲双胍血糖控制不佳T2DM患者的疗效和安全性比较

目的比较单用二甲双胍血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者加用西格列汀或吡格列酮的疗效和安全性。方法将119例单用二甲双胍血糖控制不佳的T2DM患者随机分为两组,A组用二甲双胍＋西格列汀治疗,B组用二甲双胍＋吡格列酮治疗,疗程均为24周。两组治疗前后检测血糖、血脂及肝肾功能指标,测量BMI和血压,记录低血糖等不良反应情况。结果疗程结束后,两组空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2h血糖（2hPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）均低于治疗前（P均〈0．05）;2hPG降幅A组大于B组,FPG降幅、体质量增加B组大于A组（P均〈0．01）;两组血压、肝肾功能指标及不良反应发生率比较均无统计学差异（P均〉0．05）。结论单用二甲双胍血糖控制不佳的T2DM患者加用西格列汀或吡格列酮均能有效控制血糖,且安全性良好;但在降低2hPG方面西格列汀优于吡格列酮,降低FPG方面吡格列酮优于西格列汀。     

二甲双胍与格列喹酮或阿卡波糖联合治疗2型糖尿病的临床疗效和安全性比较:多中心、随机、开放、平行分组对照研究

目的 对用单药和(或)联合口服降糖药物后血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者,比较二甲双胍缓释片分别联合格列喹酮或阿卡波糖治疗的疗效和安全性.方法 选取符合研究方案的2型糖尿病患者140例,男74例,女66例,平均年龄(56±10)岁,随机分为二甲双胍(1500 mg/d)+格列喹酮(初始剂量为30 mg,2次/d)组70例和二甲双胍(1500 mg/d)+阿卡波糖(初始剂量为50mg,2次/d)组70例,维持治疗14周.在基线和治疗结束时分别进行各项生化指标和胰岛素反应等检查.以糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)是否达标为因变量,调整年龄、性别、糖尿病病程、基线时β胰岛功能和体重指数、治疗分组后,进行Logistic多元逐步回归分析.结果 (1)经14周治疗后,两组HbA1c均较治疗前显著下降,格列喹酮组为(7.4±1.1)%,阿卡波糖组为(7.8±1.1)%,格列喹酮组下降幅度更大,平均HbA1c下降1.7%(t=-4.404,P=0.0001),差异有统计学意义.HbA1c<6.5%的达标率在格列喹酮组有高于阿卡波糖组趋势(25.71%比12.86%,χ2=3.72,P=0.054).(2)两组胰岛素抵抗指数均较各自治疗前显著下降,但两组间比较无显著差异.二甲双胍+格列喹酮组在治疗过程中无严重低血糖事件或其他严重不良事件发生,患者耐受件良好.结论 格列喹酮在单药和(或)联合治疗失败的2型糖尿病中与二甲双胍联合治疗能有效降低2型糖尿病患者血糖,在HbA1c达标率较高的同时安全性较好.     

甘精胰岛素联合口服降糖药物对血糖控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者的疗效观察

目的 评价甘精胰岛素(来得时(R))与盐酸吡格列酮和二甲双胍联合应用治疗口服降糖药物控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者的有效性和安全性.方法 采用随机法将78例口服降糖药物控制不佳的2型糖尿病患者分为A、B两组.A组为甘精胰岛素(来得时(R))组,B组为精蛋白锌胰岛素(诺和灵N)组,两组均口服吡格列酮和二甲双胍,观察治疗后空腹血...     

利格列汀对二甲双胍联合吡格列酮控制不佳的2型糖尿病治疗效果

目的研究利格列汀对二甲双胍联合吡格列酮控制不佳的2型糖尿病治疗的作用。方法选取2015年1月—2017年5月收治的56例经二甲双胍联合吡格列酮治疗效果不佳2型糖尿病患者,随机分为观察组、对照组,观察两组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、HbA1c、HOMA-IR变化。结果治疗后观察组FBG、2 hPG、HbA1c均低于对照组,HOMAIR也低于对照组,不良反应发生率仅为3.57%,远较对照组的17.86%低,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论利格列汀对二甲双胍联合吡格列酮控制不佳的2型糖尿病治疗效果良好,能有效控制血糖水平。     

格列齐特与格列喹酮联合二甲双胍在糖尿病患者中的应用疗效对比

目的 探究比较格列齐特联合二甲双胍与格列喹酮联合二甲双胍在糖尿病患者中的应用疗效。方法选取2021年1月—2022年10月广东省河源市和平县人民医院门诊收治的90例糖尿病（2型）患者作为研究对象。以计算机随机编号分组法分为干预组（n=45）与研究组（n=45）。干预组采用格列齐特联合二甲双胍治疗,研究组采用格列喹酮联合二甲双胍治疗。比较分析两组不同联合治疗手段下的血糖水平、血糖波动情况、不良反应发生状况。结果 两组治疗前的各项血糖水平指标比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;治疗后,研究组餐后2 h血糖水平与糖化血红蛋白低于干预组,干预组空腹血糖水平低于研究组,但两组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;研究组各项血糖波动幅度指标及不良反应总发生率均低于干预组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 相较于格列齐特联合二甲双胍治疗2型糖尿病,格列喹酮联合二甲双胍显著降低患者血糖波动幅度,不良反应更少,用药安全性更高。     

预混胰岛素治疗的2型糖尿病患者转为甘精胰岛素联合口服药治疗的疗效分析

目评价甘精胰岛素联合口服降糖药物(OADs)治疗方案对使用预混胰岛素血糖控制欠佳的2型糖尿病患者的疗效及安全性.方法 预混胰岛素30/70单独或联合使用OADs血糖控制不良的2型糖尿病患者50例,随机分为治疗组(停用预混胰岛素,改为皮下注射甘精胰岛素联合OADs,n=30)和对照组(继续使用预混胰岛素早、晚餐前皮下注射...     

Glycemic control with glyburide/metformin tablets in combination with rosiglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind trial

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy and safety of adding rosiglitazone to an established regimen of glyburide/metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes who had not achieved adequate glycemic control (glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1C] levels >7.0% and < or =10.0%). METHODS: Following an open-label, lead-in phase to optimize the dosing of glyburide/metformin tablets, 365 patients randomly received additive therapy comprising rosiglitazone (4 mg once daily) or placebo for 24 weeks. Based on glycemic response, rosiglitazone dose was maintained or increased to 4 mg twice daily. Glyburide/metformin dose was maintained or reduced by 2.5/500 mg for symptomatic hypoglycemia. The primary endpoint was the change in HbA1C level from baseline to week 24. The proportions of patients achieving HbA1C levels <7% and a fasting plasma glucose level <126 mg/dL were also assessed. RESULTS: After 24 weeks, therapy with glyburide/metformin plus rosiglitazone resulted in a greater reduction in HbA1C levels (-1.0%, P<0.001) compared with combination therapy that included placebo, and in a larger proportion of patients (42% vs. 14%) who attained levels <7%. The difference in fasting plasma glucose levels between groups was -48 mg/dL (P<0.001), favoring glyburide/metformin plus rosiglitazone. The adverse event profile in the rosiglitazone-treated group included mild-to-moderate edema (8%), hypoglycemia (22%), and weight gain of 3 kg. No patient experienced hypoglycemia requiring third-party assistance. CONCLUSION: In patients with inadequate glycemic control despite established glyburide/metformin therapy, the addition of rosiglitazone improves glycemic control, allowing more patients to achieve an HbA1C level <7% and perhaps delaying the need for insulin treatment.     

Glycemic control and safety in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who switched from premixed insulin to insulin glargine plus oral antidiabetics: a large,prospective, observational study

In some circumstances, the premixed insulin should be switched to alternative therapy. The effectiveness and the safety of switching from premixed insulin to insulin glargine plus oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have not been clarified and, hence, will be assessed in this study. Chinese patients with T2DM (2013 men and women aged 18–75 years) who had received premixed insulin ± OADs for ≥3 months with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≤ 10% were enrolled in a prospective, observational study conducted at 53 hospitals across China. At baseline and at the discretion of the physician, patients switched from premixed insulin to insulin glargine plus OADs. Changes in HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2‐hour postprandial glucose (PPG), treatment satisfaction, and the incidence of hypoglycemia were assessed for 16 weeks. In total, 1850 patients completed the study. Mean HbA1c level for the group decreased significantly (from 7.8% ± 1.2% at week 1 to 7.0% ± 1.0% at week 16; P  < .0001), and 55.2% of patients achieved HbA1c < 7% at week 16. Mean FPG and 2‐hour PPG decreased significantly (−1.4 ± 2.2 and −2.1 ± 3.9 mmol/L, respectively; both P  < .0001), whereas patient satisfaction improved significantly. Adverse events were reported in 18.7% of patients. Chinese patients with T2DM who switched from premixed insulin to insulin glargine plus OADs achieved significantly improved glycemic control and treatment satisfaction with a low incidence of hypoglycemia. Patients who are most likely to achieve the HbA1c target less than 7% are younger, have shorter disease duration, and have lower baseline HbA1c and FPG levels.     

Meta-analysis of seven heterogeneous studies on liraglutide add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with insulin

Background and aimsClinical trials indicate the efficacy of add-on therapy using incretin-related drugs to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) inadequately controlled by insulin. However, heterogeneity exists among these studies. Baseline body mass index (BMI) accounts for the heterogeneity of add-on therapy with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and the associated higher BMI with a lower efficacy. The efficacy of add-on therapy with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists remains unclear.MethodsWe performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of ≥12 weeks reporting the endpoint of adjusted mean change in hemoglobin A1c levels (AMΔHbA1c) or hypoglycemia incidence. Patients with type 2 DM treated with insulin alone or with metformin for at least 8 weeks before the study treatment were included. The intervention group received liraglutide co-administered with insulin or a fixed-dose combination. The control group received a placebo or insulin. Covariates included five baseline parameters (HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, BMI, type 2 DM duration, and treatment duration).ResultsSeven studies (2067 patients) were selected. AMΔHbA1c was ?1.00% (95% confidence interval [CI]: ?1.21 to ?0.78, I² = 74.7%). The odds ratio for hypoglycemia incidence was 0.97 (95% CI: 0.50–1.87, I² = 81.9%). Covariates did not account for the heterogeneity in AMΔHbA1c or hypoglycemia incidence.ConclusionsLiraglutide add-on therapy reduced HbA1c levels without increasing hypoglycemia incidence, independent of BMI, in insulin non-responders with type 2 DM. GLP-1 receptor agonists may be more suitable than DPP-4 inhibitors for add-on therapy in patients with high BMI. Registration number. PROSPERO #CRD42021178888.     

西格列汀联合二甲双胍治疗老年2型糖尿病疗效分析

目的探讨单服二甲双胍(metformin)治疗未达标的老年2型糖尿病患者(T2DM)加用西格列汀(sitagliptin)的有效性及安全性。方法入选2015年5月至2016年9月中关村医院内分泌科单服二甲双胍控制不佳的老年T2DM患者52例,其中男性30例,女性22例,年龄65~78(68.0±8.0)岁。随机分成西格列汀组和阿卡波糖(acarbose)组,每组26例(男性15例,女性11例)。西格列汀组患者口服西格列汀100 mg/次,1次/d,阿卡波糖组患者口服阿卡波糖50 mg/次,3次/d,两组患者同时口服二甲双胍500 mg/次,3次/d,连续治疗12周。观察两组患者服药12周后空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)等指标变化,并记录低血糖、胃肠道不良反应的发生情况。结果两组患者治疗前FPG、2hPG和HbA1c差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗12周后,两组患者FPG、2hPG和HbA1c较治疗前均明显降低,并且西格列汀组较阿卡波糖组2hPG和HbA1c下降更显著,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗期间两组患者无低血糖发生,阿卡波糖组4例发生腹胀,排气增加,两组患者不良反应发生差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论西格列汀与二甲双胍联用治疗T2DM患者疗效显著且安全。     

Insulin glargine-based therapy improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes sub-optimally controlled on premixed insulin therapies

The AT.LANTUS trial recently demonstrated the efficacy and safety of insulin glargine initiation and maintenance using two different treatment algorithms in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This sub-analysis investigated glycemic control and safety in 686 patients switching from premixed insulin (premix) with or without (+/-OADs) to once-daily glargine (+/-OADs/prandial insulin). A 24-week, multinational (n=59), multicenter (n=611), randomized study comparing two algorithms (Algorithm 1: clinic-driven titration; Algorithm 2: patient-driven titration) in four glargine+/-OADs treatment groups: alone, once- (OD), twice- (BD) or >twice- (>BD) daily prandial insulin. After switching to the glargine regimen, HbA(1c) levels significantly improved in the overall group (9.0+/-1.3 to 8.0+/-1.2%; p<0.001) and in all subgroups; fasting blood glucose levels also improved in all subgroups (overall: 167.1+/-50.0 to 106.9+/-27.2 mg/dL [9.3+/-2.8 to 5.9+/-1.5 mmol/L]; p<0.001). The incidence of severe hypoglycemia was also low in all four subgroups (< or =1.7%). Patients with T2DM switching from premix+/-OADs to glargine+/-OADs had significant reductions in glycemic control with a low incidence of severe hypoglycemia. The addition of prandial (OD, BD or >BD) insulin was associated with further improvements in glycemic control. These data provide support for the stepwise introduction of prandial insulin to a more physiologic basal-bolus regimen, which is under investigation.     

地特胰岛素联合瑞格列奈治疗新诊断的2型糖尿病患者的有效性和安全性

目的评价地特胰岛素（Det）联合瑞格列奈治疗新诊断的2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的有效性和安全性。方法将56例住院治疗的新诊断T2DM患者,随机分为Det联合瑞格列奈组和预混人胰岛素（诺和灵30R）组进行治疗,观察治疗前后的FBG、2hBG、HbA1c、低血糖发生率、体重增加情况和依从性。结果治疗12周后,两组患者的FBG、2hBG、HbA1c均较基线显著降低。Det联合瑞格列奈组和预混人胰岛素组,低血糖发生率分别为0．080、0．150,体重增加发生率分别为0．029、0．035,治疗依从率分别为0．893、0．679。结论Det联合瑞格列奈治疗,可显著降低新诊断的住院T2DM患者的血糖水平,并且具有较好的安全性和治疗依从性。