血管内超声指导的零对比剂经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的安全性与有效性分析

目的:评价存在对比剂禁忌证的冠心病患者在血管内超声(IVUS)指导下使用零对比剂经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的安全性与有效性。方法:回顾性收集中国医学科学院阜外医院2018年8月至2021年3月有PCI指征,但存在明确碘对比剂使用禁忌[包括严重过敏反应或估算肾小球滤过率<30 ml/(min·1.73 m²)]的10例患者,患者均在IVUS指导下行零对比剂PCI。对所有患者的临床特征、病变特点、介入治疗及随访结果进行分析。结果:10例患者在IVUS指导下行零对比剂PCI的手术成功率为100%,无夹层、血肿、穿孔等手术相关并发症发生。中位随访197(150,431)d,无死亡、心肌梗死或再次血运重建发生。结论:初步提示对存在对比剂禁忌证但有明确介入治疗指征的冠心病患者,IVUS指导的零对比剂PCI安全、有效,长期疗效有待更大规模的前瞻性临床研究验证。     

零对比剂血管内超声评估冠状动脉病变并指导介入治疗一例

<正>1 病例资料患者女性,59岁,主因“间断胸闷2个月”于2021年8月24日住院。患者入院前2个月无诱因出现心前区紧缩感,伴乏力,持续10 s自行缓解。后上述症状间断发作,性质同前,持续时间逐渐延长。1个月余前患者至我院门诊就诊,查冠状动脉CT血管成像(CT angiography, CTA)显示左前降支(left anterior descending, LAD)近中段钙化、非钙化斑块,管腔重度狭窄;左回旋支钙化斑块,     

“零对比剂”经皮冠状动脉介入治疗1例

正冠状动脉造影对冠心病的诊断和治疗必须使用含碘对比剂[1,2],然而,少数患者使用含碘对比剂后发生过敏性休克,甚至危及生命。因此,长期以来,造影剂过敏一直是介入治疗的绝对禁区。基于此,西京医院心血管内科在国内首先提出零对比剂介入治疗的新方法,即在介入治疗过程中,不使用造影剂,我们同时克服了无造影指引导管置放、     

应用血管内超声指导冠状动脉临界病变介入治疗

目的 探讨应用血管内超声(IVUS)检查与定量冠状动脉造影(QCA)方法在冠状动脉临界病变介入治疗中的应用价值。方法 选择经冠状动脉造影(CAG)检查显示冠状动脉狭窄程度在40％～70％的临界病变患者60例,根据检查方法不同将患者分为QCA组和IVUS组,分别应用QCA和IVUS测量两组病变血管的参考管腔直径、最小管腔直径、直径狭窄率、管腔面积狭窄率及最小管腔面积并进行比较。比较观察两组患者住院期间、随访1月、6月和12月的主要不良心血管事件(再发心绞痛、心肌梗死、靶病变再次冠状动脉成形术、死亡)的发生情况。结果 IVUS组冠状动脉的管腔直径狭窄率[(57.80％±8.18％)比(51.73％±7.91％)]及面积狭窄率[(67.01％±10.41％)比(57.07％±10.71％)]均高于QCA组(P＜0.05),而最小管腔面积[(3.90±0.79) mm²比(4.14±0.60) mm²]则低于QCA组(P＜0.05)。住院期间两组患者均无主要不良心血管事件发生,但自随访第1月开始至12月随访结束,IVUS组的主要不良心血管事件发生率显著低于QCA组(7.7％比26.7％,P＜0.05)。结论 IVUS检查与QCA相比对冠状动脉临界病变检测出的狭窄率更显著,并能更有效地发现“不稳定性”病变并指导冠状动脉临界病变支架的植入,减低心血管事件发生,改善预后。     

血管内超声指导冠状动脉中重度钙化病变介入治疗的效果

目的:评价血管内超声(IVUS)对冠状动脉中-重度钙化病变介入治疗的指导作用及对预后的影响。方法:2009年1月~2013年1月冠状动脉中-重度钙化病变患者219例接受冠状动脉介入治疗,其中95例患者术中应用血管内超声指导,124例患者在单纯冠状动脉造影(CAG)指导下完成介入治疗。结果:两组患者的临床基线特征、靶血管部位、病变类型、置入支架数目、长度、直径;冠状动脉旋磨和切割球囊应用等方面,差异均无统计学意义。两组患者住院期间及术后30 d临床终点事件,包括主要不良心血管事件(MACE)事件、支架内血栓发生率的差异均无统计学意义。随访12个月时,IVUS组MACE事件发生率显著低于CAG组(8.4%vs.17.7%,P0.05),IVUS组靶血管重建发生率显著低于CAG组(3.2%vs.10.5%,P0.05)。IVUS组与CAG组在支架内血栓发生率方面差异无统计学意义(3.2%vs.3.2%)。结论:IVUS指导中-重度冠状动脉钙化病变术后即刻和短期临床效果并不优于CAG,但应用IVUS指导能够显著降低术后1年靶血管重建发生率。     

血管内超声指导冠状动脉左主干介入治疗

在临床实际工作中,诊断冠状动脉(冠脉)左主干(left main coronary artery,LMCA)病变即意味着患者属于高危人群,约占冠脉造影确诊冠心病的4％[1].在单纯药物治疗时代,LMCA病变预后很差, 5年死亡率可高达43％[2].和单纯药物治疗相比,冠脉旁路移植术(coronary artery by...     

血管内超声对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者预后判断的价值

目的:探讨血管内超声(IVUS)检查对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)患者预后判断的价值.方法:选取从2005- 04到2007- 09我院所有接受PCI治疗的患者9 461例,其中IVUS组527例,非IVUS组8 934例.收集所有患者一般临床资料,并进行长期随访,评价IVUS对临床预后的影响.结果:基线上IVUS组左主干病变比例明显高于非IVUS组(38.5% vs.3.9%,P<0.01),差异有统计学意义.住院期间和长期随访结果显示:IVUS组主要不良心脏事件(MACE)发生率均高于非IVUS组(住院期间:4.2% vs.2.0%,P<0.01;长期随访:10.4% vs.7.0%,P<0.01),差异均有统计学意义.Cox回归分析结果提示:IVUS检查不是住院期间和长期随访MACE的独立危险因素(风险比:0.607,95%可信区间:0.119～2.245,P=0.897).对于左主干病变患者,住院期间和长期随访IVUS组的MACE发生率均明显低于非IVUS组(住院期间:2.5% vs.6.6%,P<0.05;长期随访:10.8% vs.18.2%,P<0.05),差异均有统计学意义.结论:对PCI患者常规行IVUS检查可能对预后没有影响,但对于左主干病变患者IVUS检查能改善患者预后.     

血管内超声与单纯冠状动脉造影指导下无保护左主干病变介入治疗的疗效对比研究

目的:比较血管内超声(IVUS)和单纯冠状动脉造影指导的无保护左主干冠状动脉疾病(ULMCAD)介入治疗的疗效.方法:回顾性纳入本院2004年1月至2015年12月行ULMCAD介入治疗的患者3960例,其中1568例(39.6％)在IVUS指导下完成左主干支架置入术(IVUS组),其余2392例(60.4％)仅在冠状...     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后对比剂脑病2例

近30年来,经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)的应用逐渐增多,术中对比剂使用的剂量也随之增加,对比剂相关的不良反应,如过敏反应、对比剂肾病、对比剂脑病(contrast-induced encephalopathy,CIE)也受到临床更多的关注。CIE是一种罕见的疾病,是一种由于使用对比剂而导致的急性、自限性、预后良好的短暂神经系统功能紊乱,部分患者症状较重,甚至死亡,一部分患者神经系统检查或者CT扫描成像可发现异常[1]。新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院2017年12月至2018年11月行单纯冠状动脉造影2579例,PCI术1587例,其中行PCI术患者中有2例患者考虑是CIE,经积极治疗后康复。     

血管内超声指导下的急性下壁ST段抬高心肌梗死直接冠状动脉介入治疗一例

患者 男,51岁。主因“急性胸痛5h”入院。患者于入院当日9：30活动时突然出现心前区剧烈疼痛,向双侧肩背部及左上肢放射,伴大汗,舌下含服硝酸甘油数片效果欠佳,持续时间超过30min.     

Routine intravascular ultrasound guidance of percutaneous coronary intervention: a critical reappraisal

Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) has played an integral role in the evolution of interventional cardiology. However, routine IVUS guidance of coronary stent implantation is not supported by a critical reappraisal of the available evidence. Although there is a trend toward a benefit with respect to target lumen revascularization favoring IVUS-guided coronary stent implantation, it is likely that this effect is driven by improved outcomes in small vessels, long coronary stenoses, and possibly saphenous vein graft interventions. No consistent trend in the incidence of death or myocardial infarction is apparent. Furthermore, the safety, efficacy, and effectiveness of IVUS should be taken into account when considering the goals, risks, benefits, and alternatives to such a treatment strategy.     

Impact of intravascular ultrasound guidance on directional coronary atherectomy

In contrast to the luminogram of coronary angiography, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) has proven to accurately assess both coronary lumen and vessel morphology due to its 360 degrees imaging capacity. Directional coronary atherectomy (DCA) improves the coronary lumen by removing plaque mass rather than stretching the vessel and compressing the plaque as with conventional percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. In an attempt to optimize the procedural result of DCA we prospectively investigated the impact of IVUS guidance in a head to head comparison to on-line quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) on the result of DCA. In 16 consecutive patients IVUS demonstrated significant residual plaque mass after DCA irrespective of a satisfactory angiographic result. After a mean of 9 +/- 2 cuts luminal improvement was obtained with an area stenosis by angiography of 39 +/- 17% and by IVUS of 50 +/- 10% (p < 0.05), a diameter stenosis by angiography of 23 +/- 10% and IVUS of 35 +/- 14% (p < 0.05) and finally a minimal lumen diameter (MLD) by angiography of 2.9 +/- 0.5 mm and by IVUS of 2.3 +/- 0.5 mm (p < 0.005). After both on-line QCA and IVUS measurements a second series of 7 +/- 2 cuts were initiated to debulk more atheroma and improve stenosis dimensions. After additional cuts IVUS revealed further luminal improvement with an area stenosis by angiography of 25 +/- 16% and IVUS of 21 +/- 18% (n.s.), a diameter stenosis by angiography of 16 +/- 11% and by IVUS of 13 +/- 19% (n.s.) and finally a MLD by angiography of 3.1 +/- 0.5 mm and by IVUS of 2.8 +/- 0.3 mm (p < 0.05). Intraprocedural use of IVUS is superior to on-line QCA to assess the immediate result of DCA. IVUS-guided DCA results in more effective atheroma debulking than luminographic evaluation. Results of larger follow-up studies are needed to substantiate the intraprocedural advantage of IVUS with DCA.     

Impact of intravascular ultrasound guidance in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the utility of routine intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guidance in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with stent implantation. Background: Stent thrombosis (ST) is a serious complication of PCI with stent implantation for patients presenting with acute MI. Mechanical factors such as incomplete stent expansion and smaller stent diameters are known to correlate with ST and restenosis. IVUS guidance for stent deployment is reported to reduce these events in stable patients. Methods: We analyzed a cohort of 905 consecutive patients who underwent primary PCI for acute MI and were discharged alive. The clinical outcomes of 382 patients who underwent IVUS‐guided PCI were compared to those of 523 patients who did not. Patients who presented with cardiogenic shock and rescue PCI were excluded. The primary composite endpoint of death, MI, and target lesion revascularization at 1‐year follow‐up was systematically indexed and a propensity score was performed with regard to the use of IVUS‐guided PCI. Results: Patients undergoing IVUS‐guided PCI were older, more diabetic and hypertensive, but presented with less history of previous MI. The severity of coronary artery disease was balanced between both groups. The number of treated lesions and stents used was higher in the IVUS‐guided group, with a longer procedural duration. The overall rates of the composite primary outcome were similar (14.5% vs. 14.3%, P = 0.94) as were the rates of definite and probable stent thrombosis at 1 year (2.1% vs. 2.1%, P = 0.99) in the IVUS‐guided and no‐IVUS groups, respectively. After multivariate and propensity score adjustment, IVUS guidance was not an independent predictor for the primary endpoint. Conclusion: This study does not support the routine use of IVUS guidance for stent deployment in patients who present with acute MI and undergo primary PCI. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

血管内超声在冠脉介入中的应用进展

冠脉造影是诊断及治疗冠心病最有价值的方法。由于冠状动脉解剖结构的特殊性及冠脉病变的多样性,冠脉造影检查对于冠脉病变的评估已不足以满足临床需要,随着冠脉支架植入技术的发展及成熟,随之出现支架贴壁不良及支架内血栓形成,使患者再次面临急性心血管事件风险概率增加。因此,在冠脉造影中应用血管内超声检查已成为冠脉介入手术的热点,其能充分评估冠脉管壁、管腔及病变性质,有利于病情的充分评估及支架选择、支架释放的应用。该文就血管内超声在冠脉介入手术中的临床应用进行综述。     

Meta-analysis of randomized studies comparing intravascular ultrasound versus angiographic guidance of percutaneous coronary intervention in pre-drug-eluting stent era

We conducted a formal meta-analysis of peer-reviewed, published, randomized studies comparing intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guidance and angiographic-guided bare metal stent implantation. A total of 8 studies were identified. Because the Balloon Equivalent to Stent (BEST) study was a noninferiority trial designed to compare 2 very different percutaneous coronary intervention strategies-IVUS-guided aggressive balloon angioplasty (with bail-out stenting) and angiographic-guided deliberate bare metal stent implantation-it was eliminated. An unadjusted random-effects meta-analysis was used to compare the IVUS-guided and non-IVUS-guided stenting in the 7 remaining studies. A total of 2,193 patients were randomized in 5 multicenter and 2 single-center studies. IVUS guidance was associated with a significantly larger postprocedure angiographic minimum lumen diameter. The mean difference was 0.12 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.06 to 0.18, p <0.0001). IVUS guidance was also associated with a significantly lower rate of 6-month angiographic restenosis (22% vs 29%, odds ratio 0.64, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.96, p = 0.02), a significant reduction in the revascularization rate (13% vs 18%, odds ratio 0.66, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.91, p = 0.004), and overall major adverse cardiac events (19% vs. 23%, odds ratio 0.69, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.97, p = 0.03). However, no significant effect was seen for myocardial infarction (p = 0.51) or mortality (p = 0.18). In conclusion, IVUS guidance for bare metal stent implantation improved the acute procedural results (angiographic minimum lumen diameter) and thereby reduced angiographic restenosis and repeat revascularization and major adverse cardiac events, with a neutral effect on death and myocardial infarction during a follow-up period of 6 months to 2.5 years.     

血管内超声在冠心病左主干病变介入诊疗中的指导价值研究

目的应用血管内超声(IVUS)进行指导,分析冠状动脉造影(CAG)在冠状动脉左主干病变介入诊治时的局限和不足,为左主干病变的诊断和经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)提供有价值的信息。方法入组冠心病左主干病变患者60例,分为左主干口部及体部组和左主干远段分又组,每组各30例。联合应用IVUS和CAG评估病变、指导介入治疗及评估支架置入效果等,分析两组间的差异。结果两组中GAG测量的左主干平均参考直径、最小管腔直径及最小管腔面积均小于IVUS测量结果,差异均有统计学意义(均为P0.05)。左主干口部及体部病变组中8例(26.7%)CAG判断结果与IVUS差异明显;CAG与IVUS指导下左主干远段分叉的支架策略差异较大,不相符者达30%。两组中IVUS指导的支架置入后扩张的比例均明显高于CAG指导下的比例(P0.05)。结论与IVUS相比,CAG不能精确诊断冠心病左主干病变,指导左主干病变PCI治疗的准确性也有限,建议冠心病左主干病变患者的介入诊治应常规联合应用IVUS进行指导。     

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention and intravascular ultrasound imaging for coronary thrombosis after cisplatin-based chemotherapy

Although cisplatin is indispensable for the chemotherapy treatment of many malignancies, cisplatin-associated thrombosis is attracting increasing attention. However, experience of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and intravascular ultrasound imaging (IVUS) for coronary thrombosis, possibly due to cisplatin-based chemotherapy, has been limited. Case 1 with postoperative gastric cancer developed acute myocardial infarction (AMI) on the sixth day of the second chemotherapy course with conventional doses of cisplatin and tegafur gimeracil oteracil potassium. Emergency coronary angiography (CAG) showed a filling defect in the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) concomitant with no reflow in the distal LAD. Case 2 with advanced lung cancer and brain metastasis suffered AMI on the fifth day of the first chemotherapy course with conventional doses of cisplatin and gemcitabine. Emergency CAG delineated a total occlusion in the proximal right coronary artery. In both cases, thrombectomy using aspiration catheter alone obtained optimal angiographic results and subsequent IVUS revealed no definite atherosclerotic plaque, while slow flow still remained even after selective intra-coronary infusion of vasodilator in the case 1. These cases suggest that primary PCI using thrombus-aspiration catheter might be safe and effective for coronary thrombosis due to cisplatin-based chemotherapy.     

The application of intravascular ultrasound on diagnosis and intervention of acute coronary syndromes

Objective To explore the application of intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) on diagnosis and intervention of acute coronary syndrom (ACS). Methods IVUS was performed in 41 patients with acute coronary syndrom and after coronary intervention (PLCA in 21 lesions,stent in 10 lesions).