云南个旧和宣威地区肺癌hTERT mRNA与Madl蛋白表达的研究

目的 研究hTERTmRNA和Madl蛋白在个旧地区矿工肺癌及宣威地Ⅸ农民肺癌组织中的表达,探讨hTERTmRNA和Madl蛋白的相互关系.方法 采用免疫组化S-P法,分别枪测40例个旧地区矿工肺癌(个旧矿工肺癌组)和20例宣威地区农民肺癌(宣威农民肺癌组)以及20例正常肺组织(正常肺组织组)中Madl蛋白的表达;采用原位杂交方法 检测上述标本中hTERT mRNA的表达情况.染色阳性结果 应用计算机图文分析系统进行定量分析.结果 个旧矿工肺癌组和宣威农民肺癌组Madl蛋白表达的阳性单位分别为16.77±6.01,19.36±4.54,与正常肺组织组(46.05±7.26)比较明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).个旧肺癌组、宣威肺癌组Madl蛋白表达的阳件率明显低于正常肺组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).个旧矿工肺癌组hTERT mRNA表达的阳性单位为(72.10±13.07),宣威农民肺癌组为(74.20±15.17),明显高于正常肺组织组(10.70±2.21),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).个旧肺癌组、宣威肺癌组hTERT mRNA表达阳性率明显高于止常肺组织,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).hTERTmRNA和Madl蛋白表达的阳性单位和刚性率均呈负相关关系(r1=-0.9881、r2=-0.999,P<0.05).结论 hTERTmRNA在肺癌的发生发展中可能起重要作用,hTERT mRNA表达上调和Madl蛋白表达缺失与肺痛的发生密切相关.     

端粒酶与p53、C—myc,K—ras在肺癌组织中的表达

目的研究端粒酶活性在肺癌及癌旁组织中的表达,并探讨端粒酶的表达与p53、C-myc、K-ras之间可能存在的关系.方法采用TRAP-SYBRGreen染色法检测36例肺癌和36例癌旁组织,20例肺部良性病变组织和20例正常肺组织及A549肺腺癌细胞株端粒酶活性的表达,并利用免疫组化技术检测肺癌组织p53、C-myc、K-ras表达水平.结果83.3%的肺癌组织25.0%的癌旁组织、15.0%肺部良性病变级织表达端粒酶活性,正常肺组织未检测到端粒酶活性.端粒酶活性的表达与肺癌组织的病理类型、肿瘤大小、临床分期无相关.在30例端粒酶活性阳性的肺癌组织中有24例(80%)表达p53蛋白,18例(60%)表达C-myc蛋白,22例(73%)表达K-ras蛋白.利用Spearman分析方法分析端粒酶活性与p53、C-myc、K-ras蛋白表达水平之间的相关关系,相关系数分别为r=0.60,P＜0.01r=0.335,P＜0.01;r=0.427,P＜0.01.结论端粒酶活性的定性检测可作为肺部恶性肿瘤诊断的辅助指标之一;肺癌组织的端粒酶活性与p53、C-myc、K-ras蛋白表达水平之间存在正相关关系.     

成人肺癌切除组织和支气管切缘p53基因突变及端粒酶活性表达的研究

目的探讨肺癌切除组织和支气管p53基因突变及端粒酶活性表达,并对肺癌切除后的效果进行了评价.方法用PCR-SSCP方法,检测60例肺癌和10例肺良性肿瘤手术切除标本的支气管切缘(切缘病理切片无癌细胞残留)的p53基因突变及端粒酶活性的表达.结果在60例肺癌中有16例(26.7%)肺癌支气管切缘和30例(50.0%)肺癌组织存在p53基因突变及端粒酶活性阳性表达.肺癌切除组织基因突变及端粒酶活性表达为小细胞癌(100%)最高,次为鳞癌(70%)、腺鳞癌(60%)、腺癌(40%).p53基因突变及端粒酶活性表达与TNM分期有关.Ⅲ期(72.7%)最高,其次为Ⅱ期(58.3%),Ⅰ期(25.5%).术后随访3～8个月支气管切缘p53基因突变及端粒酶活性表达,10例(62.5%)发生支气管残端复发转移.而p53及端粒酶阴性者术后无残端癌复发.肺癌组织p53及端粒酶阳者中有20例(66.7%)在随访中发现癌复发转移,而p53及端粒酶阴性者中未发现癌复发转移.结论检测支气管切缘p53基因突变及端粒酶活性表达,作为肺癌切除后的"分子边界",可作为早期预测肺癌术后残端复发重要依据.     

miR-155的下调通过直接靶向TWIST2促进胃癌细胞的侵袭和转移

目的探讨miR-155的下调通过直接靶向TWIST2促进胃癌细胞的侵袭和转移行为及机制。方法 qPCR检测miR-155在胃癌组织和细胞株中的表达情况并分析miR-155表达和胃癌患者临床病理学参数之间的关系;双荧光素酶实验检测miR-155和Twist2之间的关系并分析miR-155对胃癌细胞株成瘤能力的影响。结果胃癌组织中miR-155的表达显著高于癌旁正常组织[(5.62±0.39)vs(1.62±0.16),P0.05];不同胃癌细胞株中,MGC-803细胞株中miR-155的表达水平显著高于其他细胞株[(5.83±0.49)vs(1.62±0.16)vs(1.26±0.21)vs(2.03±0.18)vs(2.21±0.19),P0.05];分期越高,miR-155在胃癌组织中表达越高,而在有淋巴结转移的患者中miR-155的表达也相对较高;抑制miR-155表达后,野生型Twist2的荧光素酶活性受到明显抑制,而对突变型Twist2的荧光素酶活性影响不大,同时抑制miR-155表达后,Twist2的蛋白表达水平也显著降低;抑制miR-155后胃癌细胞增殖转移能力减弱;同时成瘤后肿瘤总体体积相应减小,质量相应降低[体积(3.64±0.51)cm~3vs(1.29±0.24)cm~3;质量(3.82±0.49)g vs(1.09±0.21)g]。结论 miR-155的下调通过直接靶向TWIST2促进胃癌细胞的侵袭和转移行为。     

miR-200b在肺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨miR-200b在肺癌中的表达及其与肺癌临床病理特征之间的关系.方法 收集36例肺癌患者的肺癌组织和癌旁正常肺组织标本,实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测miR-200b在肺癌和癌旁正常肺组织中的表达.结果 miR-200b低表达在肺癌组织,且是癌旁正常肺组织的0.03～1.42(0.63±0.35)倍,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000).miR-200b在小细胞癌的表达显著低于腺癌和鳞癌(0.13±0.09比0.64±0.33、0.75±0.30)(P=0.005和P=0.001),在有淋巴结转移、晚期肺癌和既往吸烟患者分别显著低于无淋巴结转移、早期肺癌和无吸烟史患者(0.52±0.29比0.87±0.35、0.46±0.25比0.90±0.32、0.52±0.27比0.90±0.39)(P=0.004、P=0.000和P=0.015).结论 低表达的miR-200b可能参与肺癌特别是小细胞癌的发生和进展,并且与肺癌的转移相关,吸烟可能诱导了miR-200b的下调.因此,miR-200b可能是肺癌治疗的新靶点.     

Pin1、Cyclin D1在宫颈癌细胞株和宫颈组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨肽基脯氨酰顺反异构酶(Pin1)、细胞周期蛋白1(Cyclin D1)在宫颈癌细胞株和宫颈组织中的表达及意义。方法获得宫颈癌细胞株C-33A和Hela,同时收集2018年3月至5月在本校附属医院行活检或手术患者的宫颈浸润癌和宫颈上皮内瘤变的石蜡包埋组织,以及因子宫肌瘤切除子宫的正常宫颈上皮新鲜组织为研究材料。应用RT-PCR和Western blot检测各标本中Pin1、Cyclin D1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平。结果 C-33A细胞、Hela细胞中Pin1、Cyclin D1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显高于正常宫颈上皮细胞中Pin1、Cyclin D1 mRNA表达水平(0.21±0.04)、(0.13±0.03)以及蛋白表达水平(0.38±0.06)、(0.15±0.06),差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01)。宫颈上皮内瘤变组织和宫颈浸润癌组织中Pin1、Cyclin D1 mRNA和蛋白表达水平明显高于正常宫颈上皮组织,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.01)。Pearson相关性分析显示,宫颈癌细胞中Pin1与Cyclin D1表达水平均呈正相关(均P0.01);宫颈浸润癌组织中Pin1与Cyclin D1表达水平均呈正相关(均P0.01)。结论 Pin1、Cyclin D1在宫颈癌细胞株和宫颈组织中均过表达,Pin1与Cyclin D1表达呈正相关,可能参与宫颈癌的发生和发展。     

肺癌诊断相关miRNA标志物的筛选和验证

目的 获得肺癌组织和正常肺部组织中差异表达的miRNA用于肺癌的早期诊断.方法 首先运用miRNA芯片比较5对来自临床的正常肺部组织和肺癌组织,筛选差异性表达的miRNA,然后用荧光实时定量PCR进行鉴定.最后用ROC曲线分析评价特定miRNA标志物区分肺癌组织与正常肺部组织的能力.结果 miR-10b-5p和miR-199a-5p在肺癌组织中的相对表达量(2.76±0.71;2.05±0.38)显著高于肺部正常组织中的相对表达量(1.00±0.17;0.96±0.18),差异有统计学意义(t=2.40、2.56,P＜0.05).ROC曲线评价miR-10b-5p和miR-199a-5p区分肺癌组织和肺部正常组织的能力,曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.731和0.672.两个miRNA联合区分肺癌组织和肺部正常组织的AUC为0.773,灵敏度为57.9％,特异性为94.7％.结论 miR-10b-5p和miR-199a-5p联合可作为候选肿瘤标志物组合用于早期肺癌诊断.     

Let-7与Dicer基因在肺癌组织和癌旁正常组织中表达的比较

目的 探讨Let-7a、Let-7b与Dicer基因在肺癌组织中的表达特征及相互调控关系.方法 选择47例肺癌患者并收集癌组织和癌旁正常组织,用TRIzol法提取总RNA,实时荧光定量PCR检测基因表达量.结果 Dicer基因在癌组织中的相对表达量(9.65±2.31)明显低于癌旁正常组织(11.79±2.71),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),Let-7a、Let-7b基因表达无明显变化.4例有远处转移的个体癌组织中Let-7b基因相对表达量(16.97±2.11)高于43例无转移者(14.87±1.92),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在癌旁正常组织中,Let-7a、Let-7b均与Dicer基因的表达呈负相关(P＜0.05),在癌组织中未发现相关关系.结论 Dicer基因在癌组织中表达降低,并且可能失去与Let-7a、Let-7b基因的正常调控关系.     

瘦素受体及雌激素受体在肺癌中的表达

目的 研究瘦素受体及雌激素受体在肺癌及肺正常组织中的表达差别.方法 对肺癌组织及肺正常组织各30例标本行免疫组化染色法,检测瘦素受体和雌激素受体的表达,并比较这两种受体在肺癌及肺正常组织中表达的差异以及在不同类型肺癌中表达的差异,探讨其与肺癌之间的关系.结果 30例肺正常组织标本中瘦素受体及雌激素受体的阳性表达率分别为26.67％ (8/30)及0％(0/30).30例肺癌组织标本中瘦素受体及雌激素受体的阳性表达率分别为73.33％ (22/30)及63.33％ (19/30),均明显高于正常组(P＜0.05);瘦素受体及雌激素受体在肺正常标本中的阳性表达率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而在肺癌组织标本中差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).肺癌标本中瘦素受体及雌激素受体的表达在性别和肺癌类型差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 瘦素受体及雌激素受体在肺癌组织中均呈现高表达,与肺癌的发生可能存在一定相关性.     

长链非编码RNA MAPKAPK5-AS1在肺癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的研究长链非编码RNA (long ncRNA,lncRNA) MAPKAPK5-AS1在肺癌组织中的表达及临床意义。方法收集143例经病理明确诊断的肺癌患者癌组织及配对癌旁正常肺组织标本和临床资料,real time PCR法检测组织中lncRNA MAPKAPK5-AS1的表达,分析其临床意义,通过Kaplan-Meier生存曲线法和Log Rank检验法分析其对患者预后意义。结果 143例肺癌组织中MAPKAPK5-AS1相对表达水平(0. 012 2±0. 000 7)明显比癌旁正常肺组织中相对表达水平(0. 007 1±0. 000 4)高,差异有统计学意义(t=5. 727,P 0. 01);高表达MAPKAPK5-AS1与肺癌患者年龄、TNM分期、淋巴结转移、远处转移均密切相关(P值均0. 05),并且与预后不良密切相关(t=3. 97,P 0. 05)。结论肺癌组织中高表达MAPKAPK5-AS1与肿瘤转移密切相关,是潜在肺癌预后生物学指标之一。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.