Lipids and lipoproteins in patients undergoing coronary-artery surgery

Fasting blood samples were obtained from 290 patients who were undergoing elective coronary-artery graft procedures, and cholesterol, triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were measured. The 1983 National Heart Foundation of Australia's Risk Factor Prevalence Study was used as a source of age- and sex-matched "control" data. Of these patients, 80% had cholesterol levels of greater than 5.5 mmol/L; in 55% of patients, the level exceeded 6.5 mmol/L. Only 4% of patients who received a graft showed hypertriglyceridaemia alone (triglyceride level, greater than 2 mmol/L). Combined hyperlipidaemia (cholesterol level, greater than 5.5 mmol/L and triglyceride level, greater than 2.0 mmol/L) was present in 52% of subjects. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels exceeded 3.5 mmol/L in 69% of men and in 71% of women. In terms of five 10-year age intervals, mean plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels were elevated significantly in patients who had undergone a coronary-artery grafting procedure compared with those of subjects in the National Heart Foundation study. The mean high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were markedly-lower compared with those of the subjects in the National Heart Foundation study. Of those patients whose plasma cholesterol levels were less than 5.5 mmol/L, 97% of patients had high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels that were less than the mean level for subjects in the National Heart Foundation study. Thus, a very-high proportion of patients who underwent coronary-artery bypass surgery had lipid abnormalities which required intervention postoperatively.     

SERUM-LIPID AND LIPOPROTEIN PATTERNS OF BEIJING POPULATIONS FROM BIRTH TO SENESCENCE

The physiologic variations of serum lipids inthe residents in urban districts of Beijing from birth to senescence were studied by standardized me- thods. 15 208 were profiled for serum total choles- terol and 5 585 for high-density lipoprotein choles- terol and triglyceride. The average serum lipids of neonates were similar to those reported by other authors over the world. The characteristic sex and age differences of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol showed a striking similarity to those re- ported by the Lipid Research Clinic, USA, but the mean values were much lower in Beijing residents. However, Beijing boys and men had higher high- density lipoprotein cholesterol than American coun- terparts. The cholesterol and triglyceride reached top levels at age 60-80 and declined after 80. The nonagenarians had similar lipid levels as middle- aged adults. The definition of hypercholesterolemia was discussed briefly. The lipid risk level for coro- nary heart disease of Beijing populations was es- timated.     

扬州地区体检人群血脂、血糖水平分析

目的:通过分析5 455名体检人群血脂、血糖水平以了解扬州地区人群的血脂、血糖状况.方法:对2011年10月至2011年11月在苏北人民医院体检的5 455名不同年龄、不同性别健康人群的甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)和空腹血糖(GLU)检测结果进行分析.结果:高血糖和高脂血症在本体检人群中显示有较高比例,尤其是男性TG异常者所占比例在41 ～50岁年龄段达到了50％,在30岁之前的年轻人中该比例也高达27.61％.而女性60岁以前TG异常者所占比例明显低于同龄男性(P＜0.05),但50岁后女性TG异常者所占比例明显上升.男性和女性血糖的异常率均随着年龄的增加而增加.结论:提高全民对高血脂、高血糖危险性的认识,定期检查血糖和血脂,有效改善饮食结构,改变不良生活方式,对预防高血糖、高血脂具有重要意义.     

Study on the relationship between serum high density lipoprotein and Pi-deficiency syndrome in patients with coronary heart disease

Objective:To explore the relationship of Pi(脾)-def iciency syndrome in TCM with the change of serum high density lipoprotein(HDL) in blood lipid metabolic disorder.Methods:Sixty-eight patients with conf irmed coronary heart disease(CHD) were selected for TCM syndrome typing into Pi-defi ciency(PD) group and non-Pi-def iciency(NPD) group.Routine blood lipids and serum lipoprotein electrophoretogram(SLPG) were determined in all patients to analyze the total content of HDL and its relative contents of sub-components HDL1-5,as well as their relation with PD syndrome.Besides,a healthy control group(62 cases) was set up.Results:The level of serum HDL-C was lowered,SLPG abnormality rate increased in the patients with CHD,with total HDL and the relative contents of sub-component HDL1 and HDL3 signifi cantly lower than those in the healthy control group(P<0.01).The total HDL,HDL1 and HDL3 in the PD group were also lower than those in the NPD group(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion:Serum HDL and its sub-components showed a definite relation with TCM PD syndrome type,therefore,further exploring the granular specificity of HDL and its sub-components as well as their influence on reverse cholesterol transport(RCT) may hopefully provide clues for developing RCT regulatory Chinese new drugs and for CHD prevention and treatment.     

湖北地区中老年人群血清胆固醇水平与生活方式的相关研究

目的　探讨中老年健康人群血清总胆固醇 (TC)、高密度脂蛋白 胆固醇 (HDL C)、低密度脂蛋白 胆固醇 (LDL C)水平及与相关个体因素的关系。方法　横断面调查方法进行问卷调查、体格检查和血脂水平测定。结果　 340例 4 5岁以上者 (男 183例、女 15 7例 )血清胆固醇水平均在正常范围 ;女性TC、HDL C及LDL C水平均显著高于男性 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;70～ 91岁组HDL C水平均显著高于其它年龄组。逐步回归分析显示 :显著影响TC水平的个体因素为年龄、性别 ,影响LDL C的因素为年龄、性别和体重指数 (BMI) ,影响HDL C水平的因素为年龄、饮酒、BMI。结论　超重和肥胖、经常大量饮酒是升高血胆固醇的重要因素。健康教育和行为干预过程中应强调良好的生活方式和维持适当的体重     

Plasma lipids and lipoproteins and the prevalence of risk for coronary heart disease in Canadian adults. Canadian Heart Health Surveys Research Group.

OBJECTIVE: To report population reference values for blood lipids, to determine the prevalence of lipid risk factors and to assess their association with other risk factors. DESIGN: Population-based cross-sectional surveys. Survey participants were interviewed at home and provided a blood sample at a clinic. All blood lipid analyses were done in the Lipid Research Laboratory, University of Toronto. The laboratory is standardized in the National Heart, Lung Blood Institute-Centres for Disease Control Standardization Program. SETTING: Nine Canadian provinces, from 1986 to 1990. PARTICIPANTS: A probability sample of 26,293 men and women aged 18 to 74 was selected from the health insurance registers for each province. Blood samples were obtained from 16,924 participants who had fasted 8 hours or more. OUTCOME MEASURES: Concentration of total plasma cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in blood samples from fasting participants. MAIN RESULTS: Of the study population, 46% had total plasma cholesterol levels above 5.2 mmol/L, 15% had LDL-cholesterol levels above 4.1 mmol/L, 15% had triglyceride levels above 2.3 mmol/L and 8% had HDL-cholesterol levels below 0.9 mmol/L. Total plasma cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride levels rose with age in men to a maximum in the 45-54 age group; in women there was little change with age up to ages 45 to 54, at which time the level of each of these lipids increased appreciably. The age-standardized prevalence of obesity was positively associated with elevation of total plasma cholesterol. CONCLUSION: The results suggest the need for a multifactorial approach in health promotion efforts to lower blood cholesterol levels and reduce other risk factors in the population. A considerable number of adults were found to be at risk at all ages in both sexes. In the short term, men aged 34 and older and women aged 45 and older might benefit most from prevention programs.     

Blood lipid concentrations and other cardiovascular risk factors: distribution, prevalence, and detection in Britain

To establish the distribution of blood lipid concentrations and the prevalences of other risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Britain 12,092 men and women aged 25-59 in Glasgow, Leicester, London, and Oxford were studied. Subjects were selected by opportunistic case finding, in which patients consulting their general practitioner for any reason were offered a health check by appointment, or random selection from age-sex registers, in which an invitation for a health check was posted. The overall rate of response was 73%, being 91-94% by opportunistic case finding and 36-63% by random selection. At the health check subjects answered a brief questionnaire about risk factors for cardiovascular disease, and their height, weight, and blood pressure were recorded; a blood sample was taken for measuring plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose. The mean cholesterol concentrations were 5.9 (SD 1.2) and 5.8 (1.2) mmol/l in men and women, respectively. In London the mean value was 5.5 (1.2) mmol/l for both men and women and was significantly lower than mean values in the three other centres, among which there were no significant differences. In men and women aged 25-29 concentrations were similar but they increased in men until the age of 45-49, after which they showed no further increase; in women concentrations did not increase until the age of 40-44 and by the age of 50-59 values were higher than in men. Mean triglyceride concentrations were significantly higher in men than in women (1.8 (1.4) v 1.3 (0.9) mmol/l, respectively), and trends with age were similar to those for cholesterol concentrations, except that at no age were values higher in women than in men. Mean triglyceride values overall were higher in Glasgow and London than in Oxford and Leicester. Body mass index was higher in Glasgow and London than in the other two centres and correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressures and triglyceride concentration. In addition, subjects in Glasgow smoked significantly more than those in the other centres. These observations could contribute to the higher rate of coronary heart disease in Glasgow. Plasma lipid concentrations and the prevalences of other risk factors for cardiovascular disease were similar in subjects selected by opportunistic case finding and by random selection. In Britain cholesterol values have changed little during the past 12 years despite dietary recommendations and health education.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Apolipoprotein A and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in childhood nephrotic syndrome

Plasma triglyceride, apolipoprotein A, total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were estimated in childhood nephrotic syndrome. The plasma lipid concentrations within the nephrotic group were variable with elevation of both triglyceride and cholesterol present in 60%, triglyceride alone in 10% and cholesterol alone in 30% respectively. The mean plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels were significantly elevated in the nephrotic children. The increase in plasma triglyceride seems unrelated to the serum cholesterol concentration. The high density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly reduced, whereas the apolipoprotein A concentration was elevated, probably suggesting the presence of an Apolipoprotein A-rich high density lipoprotein in nephrotic children.     

老年高血压病患者血胰岛素水平与糖、脂代谢异常的关系

目的　探讨老年高血压病患者高胰岛素血症与血糖、血清脂质水平之间的关系。方法　对 78例老年高血压病患者(观察组 )及 60例老年对照组 ,进行了血清甘油三酯 (TG)、总胆固醇 (TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL -C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL -C)、载脂蛋白AI(ApoAI)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)、脂蛋白 (a) [Lpo (a) ]、空腹血糖 (FPG)及胰岛素 (INS)的测定。 结果　观察组血清TG、LDL -C、Lpo(a)、INS、FPG含量明显高于对照组 ;观察组血清HDL -C、ApoAI水平和胰岛素敏感性指数 (ISI)明显低于对照组。结论　老年高血压病患者胰岛素、血脂和血糖代谢异常的共存是该病发生、发展的危险因素 ,也是心、脑血管疾病的危险因素 ,故在降压治疗的同时 ,应考虑纠正其胰岛素、糖及脂代谢的异常。     

976例香港居民血脂与尿酸水平调查

对976例健康的香港居民(男569例,女407例)血胆固醇、甘油三酯、β—脂蛋白及血尿酸进行检测。结果表明:各项均值、高脂血症及高尿酸血症检出率均明显高于内地。并且血脂随年龄而增高,男性于50岁达高峰,女性则在70岁以后达高峰。40岁以前血脂男性高于女性,50岁以后则相反。50岁以后各组男女胆固醇均高于200mg/dl。血尿酸水平也随年龄而增高,但女性始终低于男性。     

Lipid alterations and decline in the incidence of coronary heart disease in the Helsinki Heart Study

In the Helsinki Heart Study, a randomized five-year, double-blind trial, a 34% reduction in the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) was observed in dyslipidemic men treated with gemfibrozil. Averaged over the five years of the trial, gemfibrozil therapy produced, compared with placebo, mean decreases of 10% in serum total cholesterol level, 14% in non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level, 11% in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level, 35% in triglyceride level, and a mean increase of 11% in HDL cholesterol level from baseline levels measured prior to treatment. While changes in HDL cholesterol level were similar in all Fredrickson types, the effect on concentrations of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol was largest in type IIA and on LDL minimal in type IV. The reduction of CHD incidence over placebo was largest in type IIB and smallest in type IIA. The lipid changes were dependent on lipid levels prior to treatment and on compliance with the medication regimen. When risk factors for CHD, including age, blood pressure, smoking and drinking habits, baseline lipid levels, and exercise and relative weight, were controlled by applying the Cox proportional hazards model, the changes in serum HDL and LDL cholesterol levels were both statistically significantly associated with the decline in CHD incidence within the gemfibrozil-treated group. The large decrease in serum triglyceride levels had relatively small effect on CHD incidence. Thus, the results of this study, together with earlier observations, suggest that both elevating HDL and lowering LDL cholesterol levels are effective in the primary prevention of CHD.     

血脂控制水平与PCI术后再狭窄的相关性分析

目的分析血脂控制水平与经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后再狭窄的相关性。方法选取2016年3月-2018年3月我院收治的行PCI术的冠心病患者60例为研究对象,术后3个月行冠状动脉造影复查,根据有无再狭窄分为再狭窄组(n=28)和无狭窄组(n=32),比较两组一般资料、PCI前和PCI术后复查时的血脂水平,并对各影响因素进行相关性分析。结果再狭窄组的吸烟比例、糖尿病比例比无狭窄组更高;观察组复查时总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白水平均与PCI术前无明显差异(P均>0.05),而无狭窄组总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白水平比PCI术前显著降低,且低于PCI术后复查时再狭窄组,高密度脂蛋白较前明显升高,且高于PCI术后复查时再狭窄组(P均<0.05)。多因素分析显示,吸烟、合并糖尿病、PCI术后复查时总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白水平未下降,高密度脂蛋白未升高是PCI术后再狭窄的独立危险因素。结论 PCI术后总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白水平未下降,高密度脂蛋白未升高是PCI术后再狭窄的独立危险因素。     

脑梗死与脑出血患者血脂对比研究

目的研究脑梗死和脑出血的血脂水平差异。方法对183例脑梗死患者、同期住院的45例脑出血患者及150例对照组分别测定其总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)和极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL),并进行比较分析。结果脑梗死组的TC、TG、LDL较对照组增高(P<0.05、P<0.05、P<0.01),HDL较对照组低(P<0.05);脑出血组HDL亦较对照组低(P<0.05),但同脑梗死相比较,TC、LDL显著降低(P<0.01)。结论高TC、TG、LDL及低HDL水平是脑梗死发病的危险因素,相反低TC、LDL水平则可能存在脑出血倾向。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停不同亚型患者脂代谢紊乱的初步研究

目的 初步探索阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）不同亚型的脂代谢紊乱差异。方法 选取2017年1月—2019年12月就诊于郑州大学第一附属医院经多导睡眠监测（PSG）确诊的成年OSA患者848例。根据OSA严重程度及基于年龄、性别、绝经状态的不同亚型分组,比较各组血脂水平的差异。结果 男性比例、BMI、吸烟史和高血压病史、呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）随着OSA严重程度增加而逐渐升高（P <0.05）,夜间最低血氧饱和度（LSaO₂）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）随着OSA严重程度增加而逐渐降低（P <0.05）。非老年男性组AHI、TG高于非老年女性组,HDL、LSaO₂低于非老年女性组（P <0.05）;老年男性组LSaO₂高于老年女性组（P <0.05）;老年男性组AHI、TC）、TG、LDL低于非老年男性组,LSaO₂、HDL高于非老年男性组（P <0.05）;老年女性组AHI高于非老年女性组（P <0.05）。绝经后女性组AHI高于未绝经女性组（P <0.05）。高血压组AHI高于非高血压组,TC、HDL、LDL低于非高血压组（P <0.05）。结论 不同亚型OSA患者的血脂异常存在差异。OSA患者血脂异常与性别、年龄相关,非老年男性血脂变化更加显著。对OSA患者不同亚型分别进行综合评估,对于心脑血管并发症的管理有重要意义。     

The changes of plasma lipoproteins in rat with diabetes induced by streptozotocin

Summary Diabetes was induced in Wistar male rats by streptozotocin given peritoneally. The control rats received the rame volume of buffer. Twelve days after injection of streptozotocin, the levels of plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol and free fatty acid increased significantly as compared with those of the control rats. The plasma very low density lipoprotejn-choleslerol (VLDL-C) of the diabetic rats was twice as much as that of the control rats. No difference in low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-C) was found between the two groups. However, the HDL₃ in diabetic rats increased significantly. These results indicated that the degradation of VLDL was reduced in diabetic rats and concurrently the conversion of HDL3 to HDL₂ was impaired. Therefore, we are led to assume that the accumulation of VLDL remnants and the impairment of reverse transport of tissue cholesterol may facilitate the development of atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus.     

肥胖儿童脂代谢变化及其与身体指标的相关性研究

检测１０２例６～１５岁单纯肥胖症儿童及７７例同龄健康儿童的血脂及身体指标，以探讨肥胖儿童脂质代谢的变化及其与Ｒｏｈｌｅｒ指数、体质量（体重）指数（ＢＭＩ）的相关关系。发现肥胖儿童较健康儿童胆固醇（ＴＣ）、甘油三酯（ＴＧ）、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＶＬＤＬ Ｃ）及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬ Ｃ）、动脉硬化指数（ＡＩ）明显增高（Ｐ＜０．００１、０．０１及０．０５），高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＨＤＬ Ｃ）及其与ＴＣ之比值明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５及０．００１）。多元逐步回归证实，在排除众多血脂因素之后，肥胖儿童ＴＧ分别与Ｒｏｈｌｅｒ指数及ＢＭＩ呈明显正相关，是影响Ｒｏｈｌｅｒ指数与ＢＭＩ的独立因素。     

Experimental study of Yishou Tiaozhi tablet() on inhibiting hyperlipemia and atherosclerosis) on inhibiting hyperlipemia and atherosclerosis

Objective: To observe the effect of Yishou Tiaozhi tablet(YSTZT) on lipid metabolism and aortic intimal atherosclerotic plaque coverage in rabbit model of experimental hyperlipemia and atherosclerosis.Methods: Thirty-two rabbits were randomly divided into four groups, Group A, B, C and D, 8 in each group. Forage with cholesterol and lipid plus 1.59 g/kg of YSTZT was fed to Group A every day; for Group B, 22.54 mg/kg gypenoside tablet was added to forage with cholesterol and lipid; for Group C, hyperlipid forage was given and for Group D, only ordinary forage was given. Biochemical parameters were measured and pathomorpho-logical examinations were carried out 6 weeks later.Results: (1) YSTZT obviously lowered the levels of serum total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), atherosclerotic index(AI), apoprotein(ApoB), lipoprotein [Lp(a)], oxygen-low density lipoprotein cholesterol (ox-LDL), hydroxyproline(HYP), plasma Ca²⁺, thromboxane B₂ (TXB₂), and increased the levels of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), apoprotein A₁ (Apo A₁), ApoA₁/ApoB, plasma 6-keto-PGF_lα (P < 0.01). (2) Pathomorphological examination showed that in Group A aortic intimal atherosclerotic plaque area and arterial intima thickness were obviously reduced, smooth muscle cell hyperplasia and elastic fibers were not seen.Conclusion: YSTZT can inhibit experimental hyperlipemia and atherogenesis. It is an ideal and effective medicine in preventing and treating hyperlipemia and atherosclerosis.     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者血清胆红素及血脂水平的性别差异

目的:观察不同性别急性冠脉综合征(ACS)血清胆红素、血脂水平及临床表现差异。方法:对ACS患者男198例,女164例,健康对照组男36例,女34例,测定清晨空腹血清直接胆红素(DBi)、间接胆红素(IDBi)、总胆红素(TBi)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平。结果:无论男女,ACS患者DBi、IDBi、TBi水平明显低于对照组(P<0.05),TC、TG、LDL-C均高于对照组(P<0.05)。ACS男性患者DBi、IDBi、TBi、HDL-C显著低于女性患者(P<0.05),而TC、TG、LDL-C水平高于女性(P<0.05)。而对照组男女间上述指标无统计学差异。结论:综合分析血清胆红素、血脂水平有助于预测ACS的发生,尤其有利于男性ACS预测。     

不同年龄段维吾尔族人群糖脂代谢比较

目的：比较不同年龄段维吾尔族人群血糖、血脂水平的特点。方法：流行病学方法调查维吾尔族872人，测定血糖、血脂、血压、身高、体重、腰围。按年龄分为5组，比较各组以上指标及代谢异常指标人口百分数。结果：组1的腰围显著低于组3、组4和组5（P〈0．01），与组2无统计学差异。各组空腹血糖（FPG）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（HDL-C）和低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（LDL-C）无统计学差异。组1有14．61％达到代谢综合征（MS）诊断，显著低于组4和组5（P〈0．05）。结论：维吾尔族总体存在着较严重的腹型肥胖，其中男性有76．37％存在腹型肥胖，女性有72．09％存在腹型肥胖；腰围在40岁以后明显增大；代谢综合征在50岁以上显著增加；但不同年龄维吾尔族人群血糖、血脂水平差别不显著。     

肾衰养真胶囊对慢性肾衰竭大鼠脂代谢紊乱的影响

目的 观察肾衰养真胶囊对慢性肾衰竭(CRF)大鼠脂代谢紊乱的治疗效果并探讨其可能机制。方法 对50 只SD 雄性大鼠采用5/6 肾切除法制作CRF大鼠模型,随机分为空白模型对照组、吉非罗齐治疗组及肾衰养真胶囊高、中、低剂量治疗组;另设正常对照组。于喂药4周后,观察各组脂谱及脂蛋白谱,并用反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)法检测心肌脂蛋白脂酶信使RNA(LPLmRNA)的表达。结果 两药均能降低总胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇,升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇,同时LPLmRNA 表达上调,肾衰养真胶囊各治疗组之间无差异。结论 肾衰养真胶囊可通过促进LPLmRNA 转录而调节血脂水平,改善脂蛋白谱,这可能是肾衰养真胶囊改善CRF大鼠脂代谢紊乱的机制之一。