尼莫地平壳聚糖微球的制备及其体外释药特性的研究

目的 以壳聚糖为载体材料制备尼莫地平微球,并考察其体外释药特性。方法 以壳聚糖为载体,液体石蜡为油相,戊二醛为交联剂,span80为乳化剂,采用正交设计优化壳聚糖微球的制备工艺,用乳化交联法制备尼莫地平壳聚糖微球。模拟人体肠液的环境进行体外释药研究。结果 通过单因素考察和正交实验,筛选出尼莫地平壳聚糖微球的优化制备工艺和处方,所得微球形态圆整,大小均匀,表面光滑,平均粒径为9.56 μm,载药量为17.82%,包封率为52%。体外释药结果表明,一级动力学方程能较好的对其进行拟合。结论 尼莫地平壳聚糖微球的制备工艺稳定可行,所得壳聚糖微球有良好的缓释效果。     

尼莫地平壳聚糖微球的制备及其体外释药特性的研究

目的以壳聚糖为载体材料制备尼莫地平微球,并考察其体外释药特性。方法以壳聚糖为载体,液体石蜡为油相,戊二醛为交联剂,span80为乳化剂,采用正交设计优化壳聚糖微球的制备工艺,用乳化交联法制备尼莫地平壳聚糖微球。模拟人体肠液的环境进行体外释药研究。结果通过单因素考察和正交实验,筛选出尼莫地平壳聚糖微球的优化制备工艺和处方,所得微球形态圆整,大小均匀,表面光滑,平均粒径为9.56μm,载药量为17.82%,包封率为52%。体外释药结果表明,一级动力学方程能较好的对其进行拟合。结论尼莫地平壳聚糖微球的制备工艺稳定可行,所得壳聚糖微球有良好的缓释效果。     

丹皮酚明胶微球的制备及质量评价

目的 制备丹皮酚明胶微球并进行药剂学性质考察.方法 以丹皮酚为芯材,明胶为载体,采用交联固化法制备丹皮酚明胶微球;采用正交试验优选制备工艺,并对制得的明胶微球进行体外释药性能考察.结果 影响明胶微球包封率的主要因素为明胶浓度和搅拌速度.制得的明胶微球平均粒径100 μm,载药量和包封率分别为8.49%和86.4%,体外释药试验表明所得微球具有明显的缓释作用.结论 所选工艺可用于制备丹皮酚明胶微球,可为缓释药物传递系统提供参考.     

胸腺肽明胶微球的制备和体外释药的特性

目的:为提高胸腺肽的生物利用度,增强疗效,制备胸腺肽的明胶微球.方法:用乳化交联法制备胸腺肽明胶微球,正交设计法筛选其最佳制备工艺,Lowry法测定药物的含量,计算微球的载药量、包封率及体外释药量.结果:微球粒径范围为1.0～30.2 μm,平均粒径为14.64 μm,平均载药量为20.20%(w/w),平均包封率为80.82%,其体外释药符合Higuchi方程,稳定性考察实验结果表明其稳定性较好.结论:本法制备的胸腺肽明胶微球粒径分布集中,粒径大小符合设计要求,体外释药有明显的缓释作用,具有良好应用前景.     

尼莫地平聚乳酸缓释微球的制备及其药剂学性质

目的制备尼莫地平聚乳酸缓释微球,并对其药剂学性质进行研究.方法采用溶剂蒸发萃取法制备微球,正交实验设计考察影响制备工艺的因素,用扫描电镜观察微球表面形态,红外光谱分析验证舍药微球的形成,对制备的尼莫地平微球的粒径、栽药量、包封率等性质及体外释放特性进行了研究.结果尼莫地平聚乳酸微球的最佳制备工艺稳定,微球形态圆整,粒径分布适宜,药物确已被包裹于微球中.优化工艺制得的微球平均粒径为(61.7±0.46)μm,载药量为(53.2±0.8)%,包封率为(86.2±0.6)%,体外释放符合Higuchi方程,Q=17.708t1/2-0.975 8(r=0.995 4),t1/2=8.29 d.结论本实验获得了较理想的尼莫地平聚乳酸微球,其体外释药特性符合长效制剂特征.     

莪术油明胶微球用于肝动脉栓塞

目的　制备符合肝动脉栓塞要求的莪术油明胶微球(ZT-GMS)。方法　用正交设计优化了微球的制备工艺,对微球的制备工艺、粉体学性质、体外释药、初步稳定性和初步药效进行了研究。结果　球径在40～160 μm的微球占97.16%,平均产率为89.73%,平均含药量为2.13%,平均包封率为19.36%(均以莪术醇计)。体外释药12 h达80%,符合一级动力学模型,释药机理为溶蚀加扩散。稳定性考察实验结果表明其稳定性较好。肝动脉栓塞荷瘤大鼠实验结果表明大鼠平均生存率显著延长(P<0.01),肿瘤体积显著减小(P<0.01)。结论　微球的制备工艺及粒径分布较好,体外释药有明显的缓释作用,有一定疗效。     

洛索洛芬钠缓释微球的制备及体外释药特性考察

目的延缓洛索洛芬钠在局部的作用时间,了解洛索洛芬钠缓释微球的体外释药特性。方法采用乳化-化学交联法制备明胶微球,采用正交试验优化明胶微球的处方和制备工艺;采用流化床包衣技术制备缓释微球;采用透析法考察体外释药特性。结果制备明胶微球最优处方和工艺为:洛索洛芬钠5.0 g,质量分数为20%的明胶溶液100 mL作为水相,含质量分数0.5%Span 80的液体石蜡混合液400 mL作为油相,55℃搅拌下将水相缓缓加入至油相中,500 r.min-1乳化20 min,冰水浴20 min,加入戊二醛使体积分数为50%,交联90 min,4000 r.min-1离心分离10 min,用丙酮、乙醚交替洗涤3次,40℃真空干燥12 h;制备的明胶微球平均粒径为18.25μm,载药量为19.37%,包封率为87.72%,包衣后质量增加25%;洛索洛芬钠缓释微球体外释药过程符合Higuchi方程。结论制备的洛索洛芬钠缓释微球具有明显的缓释作用。     

正交设计法优化托西酸舒他西林明胶微球的制备工艺及释放度考察

目的去除托西酸舒他西林的苦味,改善颗粒剂的口感,制备托西酸舒他西林明胶微球。方法以明胶为载体,液体石蜡为油相,司盘-80为乳化剂,用乳化分散法制备托西酸舒他西林明胶微球,采用正交设计优化明胶微球制备工艺。高效液相色谱法测定微球中药物含量,计算微球的载药量、包封率及体外释药量。结果明胶微球形态良好,无苦味,粒径范围为1.9-12.6μm,平均粒径为6.31μm,平均载药量为20.11%,平均包封率为75.29%,体外5min释药达90%以上。结论此法制备的托西酸舒他西林明胶微球粒径分布集中,去除托西酸舒他西林苦味符合设计要求,具有良好的应用前景。     

尼莫地平缓释水凝胶微球的制备

目的:研究瓜尔胶-丙烯酰胺接枝聚合物水凝胶微球的制备工艺,并以尼莫地平为模型药物考察其体外释放特性.方法:选择搅拌速度、交联剂用量、聚合物浓度、乳化剂用量、油/水比5个因素作为考察对象,通过L16(45)正交设计实验优化制备工艺,并在电镜下观察微球形态,用HPLC法测定微球的载药量及累计释药量.结果:5因素对微球制备工艺的影响依次为交联剂用量＞乳化剂用量＞聚合物浓度＞搅拌速度＞水/油比.经过优选制得的尼莫地平水凝胶徽球,球形度较好,表面较光滑,载药量为(1.40±0.27)%.体外释药结果表明,一级动力学方程及Higuchi方程均能较好地对其进行拟合.结论:本法工艺稳定可行,所得尼莫地平水凝胶微球具有良好的缓释效果.     

双氯芬酸钠明胶微球的制备及体内外释药的研究

目的将双氯芬酸钠制备成明胶微球,考察其缓释效果。方法采用单凝聚法制备双氯芬酸钠明胶微球,并对微球的体内外释药进行考察。结果制备的微球粒径范围为48～100μm,平均粒径为70.70±11.29μm,载药量为35%。体内外释药实验结果表明双氯芬酸钠明胶微球有缓释作用。结论本法制备的双氯芬酸钠明胶微球能够起到明显缓释作用。     

糖类交联明胶微球的制备及其释药特性研究

目的:以生物相容性的糖作交联剂制备明胶药物载体并研究其释药特性。方法:用葡萄糖、葡聚糖、氧化葡萄糖、氧化葡聚糖作交联剂制备明胶盘和微球,测定其溶胀动力学,分别以阿司匹林和牛血清白蛋白为药物模型,紫外分光光度法测定药物包裹率、载药率,并检测明胶微球在模拟体内条件下药物的释放速率。结果:葡萄糖、氧化葡萄糖、葡聚糖、氧化葡聚糖作交联剂制备的凝胶溶胀率分别为204%、246%、166%、233%;4种阿司匹林和牛血清白蛋白明胶微球平均载药率分别为8.73%和4.05%,平均包封率分别为62.55%和31.40%;2h药物释放百分率依次为30%、14%、76%、73%和97.2%、86.6%、60.8%、50.1%。结论:上述4种糖均可以取代化学交联剂制备明胶微球;天然糖交联微球缓释效果优于氧化糖。     

Formulation factors in preparing BTM-chitosan microspheres by spray drying method

Chitosan (CTS) microspheres were prepared by a spray drying method using type-A gelatin and ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer as modifiers. Surface morphological characteristics and surface charges of prepared microspheres were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microelectrophoresis. The particle shape, size and surface morphology of microspheres were significantly affected by the concentration of gelatin. Betamethasone disodium phosphate (BTM)-loaded microspheres demonstrated good drug stability (less 1% hydrolysis product), high entrapped efficiency (95%) and positive surface charge (37.5 mV). The in vitro drug release from the microspheres was related to gelatin content. Microspheres containing gelatin/CTS 0.4 approximately 0.6(w/w) had a prolong release pattern for 12 h. These formulation factors were correlated to particulate characteristics for optimizing BTM microspheres in pulmonary delivery.     

盐酸尼卡地平鼻粘膜用明胶微球的工艺研究

目的研究盐酸尼卡地平鼻粘膜用明胶微球的制备工艺。方法以天然可生物降解的明胶为载体材料 ,液体石蜡为油相 ,Span80为乳化剂 ,采用正交设计优化空白明胶微球制备工艺 ,用乳化法和吸附法制备了盐酸尼卡地平明胶微球。采用溶媒提取法利用HPLC测定微球中药物含量。结果所得明胶微球形态良好 ,粒径分布窄 ,所选择的HPLC法用于测定明胶微球中药物含量回收率及重现性均较好 ,乳化法制备明胶微球的包封率为 31 3% ,吸附法为 5 1 %。结论所优化制备工艺可用于盐酸尼卡地平鼻粘膜给药明胶微球的制备。     

Cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil entrapped in gelatin microspheres

Gelatin microspheres were prepared by water/oil emulsion polymerization and by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. For the microsphere preparation procedure, two different gelatin (5 or 10% w/v) and three different glutaraldehyde (5, 0.5 or 0.1% v/v) concentrations were used. The influence of preparation compositions on microsphere recovery, particle size and morphology, swelling and degradation, 5-fluorouracil loading and release, and cytotoxicity were investigated. The concentrations of gelatin and glutaraldehyde influenced the size and surface properties of microspheres. The decrease in gelatin concentration and the increase in glutaraldehyde concentration resulted in the formation of smaller (140.82-71.47 microm for gelatin microspheres with a 5% gelatin content; 297.67-97.44 microm for gelatin microspheres with a 10% gelatin content) microspheres with smoother surface properties. Swelling values were decreased as the amount of glutaraldehyde was increased. In particular, for microspheres with a high glutaraldehyde content (5% v/v), only about 15% were degraded in 12 days, whereas for those with 0.5% (v/v) glutaraldehyde, almost 97% degradation occurred in the same period. The most rapid 5-fluorouracil release was observed from uncross-linked microspheres (about 88% in 4 h), whereas a particular slower release (about 36% in 4 h) profile was obtained for the highly cross-linked ones. Cytotoxicity tests of free and entrapped 5-fluorouracil were carried out with MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Free 5-fluorouracil produced an immediate effect, whereas entrapped 5-fluorouracil showed a prolonged cytotoxic effect.     

Development and in vitro evaluations of gelatin A microspheres of ketorolac tromethamine for intranasal administration

Gelatin A microspheres (MS) of ketorolac tromethamine (KT) for intranasal systemic delivery were developed with the aim to avoid gastro-intestinal complications, to improve patient compliance, to use as an alternative therapy to conventional dosage forms, to achieve controlled blood level profiles, and to obtain improved therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of postoperative pain and migraine. Gelatin A microspheres were prepared using the emulsification-crosslinking technique. The drug was dispersed in polymer gelatin and formulated into a w/o emulsion with liquid paraffin, using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent. The formulation variables were drug loading and the concentrations of polymer (gelatin), co-polymer (chitosan) and the crosslinking agent. All the prepared microspheres were evaluated for physical characteristics, such as particle size, incorporation efficiency, swelling ability, in vitro bioadhesion on rabbit small intestine and in vitro drug release characteristics in pH 6.6 phosphate buffer. All the microspheres showed good bioadhesive properties. Gelatin A and chitosan concentrations, percentage of the crosslinking agent and also the drug loading affected significantly the rate and extent of drug release. The data indicated that the KT release followed Higuchi's matrix model.     

正交试验优选α-细辛脑明胶微球制备工艺

目的:优选α-细辛脑明胶微球的制备工艺。方法:采用乳化缩聚法制备α-细辛脑明胶微球,以明胶浓度、乳化剂用量、搅拌速度、投料比为考察因素,以载药量和包封率的综合评分为评价指标,采用正交试验优化工艺,并观察微球形态、粒径分布。结果:最优工艺为明胶浓度20%、乳化剂用量3.0mL、搅拌速度800r·min-1、投料比1∶2;所制得的微球球形圆整,平均载药量为3.98%,平均包封率为24.25%。结论:所选工艺稳定,各项质量指标良好。     

Positively charged gelatin microspheres as gastric mucoadhesive drug delivery system for eradication of H. pylori

Gastric mucoadhesive drug delivery systems are very promising for eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a spiral bacterium that resides in the gastric mucus layer and at the mucus- epithelial cell interface. New positively charged biodegradable microspheres were prepared using aminated gelatin by surfactantfree emulsification in olive oil, followed by a cross-linking reaction with glutaraldehyde. The amino group contents of the modified gelatin and the microspheres were determined using a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid method. With the increase of glutaraldehyde concentration, the amino group content of the microspheres decreased accordingly. The influence of glutaraldehyde concentration, cross-linking reaction time, drug-loading patterns, and type of release media on the in vitro release characteristics of amoxicillin from the microspheres was investigated. Amoxicillin release rate from the modified gelatin microspheres was significantly reduced compared with that from gelatin microspheres. Furthermore, the release was decreased with the increase of glutaraldehyde concentration and/or cross-linking time. On the other hand, a faster release was observed in a lower pH release medium and/or using a lower pH solution for amoxicillin loading. The gastric mucoadhesive properties of the microspheres were evaluated using RITC-labeled microspheres in an isolated rat stomach. The gastric mucoadhesion of the modified gelatin microspheres was markedly improved compared with that of gelatin microspheres. The modified gelatin microsphere proves to be a possible candidate delivery system for the effective eradication of H. pylori.     

Positively Charged Gelatin Microspheres as Gastric Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery System for Eradication of H. pylori

Gastric mucoadhesive drug delivery systems are very promising for eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a spiral bacterium that resides in the gastric mucus layer and at the mucus- epithelial cell interface. New positively charged biodegradable microspheres were prepared using aminated gelatin by surfactantfree emulsification in olive oil, followed by a cross-linking reaction with glutaraldehyde. The amino group contents of the modified gelatin and the microspheres were determined using a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid method. With the increase of glutaraldehyde concentration, the amino group content of the microspheres decreased accordingly. The influence of glutaraldehyde concentration, cross-linking reaction time, drug-loading patterns, and type of release media on the in vitro release characteristics of amoxicillin from the microspheres was investigated. Amoxicillin release rate from the modified gelatin microspheres was significantly reduced compared with that from gelatin microspheres. Furthermore, the release was decreased with the increase of glutaraldehyde concentration and/or cross-linking time. On the other hand, a faster release was observed in a lower pH release medium and/or using a lower pH solution for amoxicillin loading. The gastric mucoadhesive properties of the microspheres were evaluated using RITC-labeled microspheres in an isolated rat stomach. The gastric mucoadhesion of the modified gelatin microspheres was markedly improved compared with that of gelatin microspheres. The modified gelatin microsphere proves to be a possible candidate delivery system for the effective eradication of H. pylori.     

布比卡因缓释微球的制备及体外释药特性评价

目的研究布比卡因缓释微球制备方法并对其体外释药特性进行评价。方法采用紫外分光光度法测定布比卡因微球载药量、包封率;采用HPLC法测定微球体外释放;通过正交设计优选微球制备工艺;以乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物为载体,使用乳化溶剂挥发法制备布比卡因微球;用扫描电镜观察所得微球的粒径和形态;通过体外释药实验考察布比卡因乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物微球的缓释作用。结果微球载药量、包封率和体外释放的测定方法符合方法学要求;按照优选处方制备所得的微球为圆整球体,表面多孔,呈蜂窝状,粒径50~100μm之间的微球占80%;体外释放符合Ritger-Peppas方程,t1/2=242.05 h。结论乳化溶剂挥发法适用于布比卡因乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物微球的制备,所制得的微球形态圆整,在体外具有明显缓释作用。