特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者GPⅡb/Ⅲa、CD62P表达探讨

目的检测原发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)患者血小板表面GPⅡb/Ⅲa、CD62P的表达情况,以探讨其在ITP患者中的临床应用价值.方法采用美国BD公司的FACSCalibur流式细胞仪,对32例ITP患者、17例非免疫性血小板减少、21例其它自身免疫性疾病及20例健康正常人的血小板表面GPⅡb/Ⅲa、CD62P的表达情况进行了分析测定.结果ITP患者GPⅡb/Ⅲa血小板阳性表达率明显高于其它三组(P＜0.01),但CD62P血小板阳性表达率四组无明显差别(P＞0.05),15例无临床症状ITP患者GPⅡb/Ⅲa表达明显高于17例有临床症状ITP患者的表达(P＜0.01).结论GPⅡb/Ⅲa作为监测血小板活化指标,对ITP的鉴别诊断及监测病情发展、判断预后具有重要意义;ITP患者的GPⅡb/Ⅲa表达明显增高,但CD62P表达并不增高,CD62P并非监测ITP患者循环中活化血小板的理想标志物.     

特发性血小板减少性紫癜患者协同刺激分子的表达

目的：探讨特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）患者外周血淋巴细胞CD80、CD86及其配体CD28的表达情况。方法：应用免疫荧光标记和流式细胞技术检测34例ITP患者和34名正常人外周血淋巴细胞协同刺激分子CD80、CD86及其配体CD28的表达。结果：ITP患者外周血淋巴细胞CD80、CD86表达率（4.21±2.27%,7.19±5.16%）均明显高于正常对照组（2.34±0.87%,4.08±1.96%,p〈0.01）。结论：ITP患者CD28/CD80和CD28/CD86协同刺激分子过度表达,协同刺激分子CD80、CD86与ITP发病密切相关。     

类风湿关节炎患者CD62P、CD41/CD61的表达及意义

目的:通过检测类风湿关节炎(RA)患者血小板表面活化标志物CD41/CD61、CD62P的表达,研究血小板活化与RA及RA活动性的关系。方法:采用流式细胞技术检测RA患者及健康对照组血小板CD41/CD61、CD62P的表达阳性率。结果:血小板CD62P阳性率在RA活动组及RA组患者分别高于缓解组和健康对照组,CD41、CD61阳性率差别在各组间无统计学意义。结论:(1)RA患者血小板CD62P表达增高与疾病活动有关;(2)血小板CD62P高表达可能是RA患者好发心血管疾病的原因之一;(3)CD41/CD61可能与RA炎症及其好发心血管病无关。     

特发性血小板减少性紫癜共刺激分子表达的研究进展

特发性血小板减少性紫癜（ITP）是一种自身免疫性疾病,其发病机制尚未完全明确,目前已证实,ITP患者体内存在T、B淋巴细胞的异常活化和B淋巴细胞依赖Th细胞辅助而产生自身抗血小板抗体。在T、B淋巴细胞相互作用和产生自身抗体的病理过程中,CD80、CD86与其配体CD28、CTLA4结合及CD40与其配体CD40L相互作用提供的共刺激信号起了重要的作用。研究表明共刺激分子过度表达有可能激活自身反应性T淋巴细胞,导致自身免疫病的发生。     

特发性血小板减少性紫癜中医药治疗概述

特发性血小板减少性紫癜属于中医的血汪、发斑等范畴,认为其以热证、虚证、瘀证为主.现将近年来中医药治疗ITP现状综述如下.     

42例特发性血小板减少性紫癜临床分析

目的 总结近年来特发性血小板减少性紫癜的临床特点。方法 对2001年10月～2004年10月我院儿科40例特发性血小板减少性紫癜的病人临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 42例病人中，急性型32例，慢性型10例，重症病人14例，其中合并病毒感染29例，CVB病毒（＋）8例，CMV（＋）8例，EBV（＋）5例，乙肝病毒（＋）3例，流行性腮腺炎病毒（＋）3例。结论 ITP自身免疫性疾病，与病毒感染有关，临床上急、重症病人增多，且易复发，应加强对本病的重视。     

特发性血小板减少性紫癜发病机制的研究进展

特发性血小板减少性紫癜是一种常见的出血性自身免疫性疾病，它的发病机制错综复杂，目前尚未完全明确。近年来，由于分子免疫学、细胞生物学以及分子遗传学的快速发展，ITP的发病机制也取得了很多新进展。本文将从血小板免疫、分子模拟、基因调控失衡、Fas／FasL凋亡途径缺陷、Fcγ受体、HLA遗传多态性、细胞因子多态性、Th1／Th2类细胞漂移、自身T细胞功能缺陷等多个角度，对ITP的发病机制作一综述。     

特发性血小板减少性紫癜动物模型建立的研究进展

特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)是常见的免疫性疾病之一,主要表现为外周血血小板计数明显减少,骨髓巨核细胞数正常或增多并伴有成熟障碍,是常见的出血性疾病.鉴于其自身免疫相关的发病特点,ITP的研究大部分建立在与疾病发病机制相似的动物模型上.因此,研究ITP模型的造模方法对ITP的诊断和治疗很有意义.     

重症特发性血小板减少性紫癜的治疗体会

目的探讨常规剂量强的松并输注浓缩血小板、大剂量静脉注射丙种球蛋白(IVIG)或大剂量甲基强的松龙(甲强龙)、或二者联合治疗重症特发性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)的效果。方法根据病情和病人经济能力将118例次病人分为常规剂量的强的松加输注浓缩血小板组(简称血小板组)37例;用大剂量IVIG/甲强龙组(简称药物组)39例;大剂量IVIG/甲强龙联合输注浓缩血小板组(简称联合组)42例。比较3组治疗前、后血小板计数。同时观察临床出血情况。结果治疗后外周血小板计数,血小板组升高(15.40±12.14)×109/L(p<0.001),药物组升高(17.98±14.01)×109/L(p<0.001),联合组升高(43.26±13.20)×109/L,(p<0.001)。联合组高于血小板组和药物组(p<0.001)。治疗3天后临床出血改善率,血小板组60%(22/37),药物组54%(21/39),联合组90%(38/42)。5例发热病人输注浓缩血小板后外周血小板计数未见升高。结论重症ITP病人,大剂量IVIG/甲强龙联合输注浓缩血小板较单纯输注浓缩血小板或大剂量IVIG/甲强龙疗效好,手工采和机单采浓缩血小板的输注无效性的发生率尚待进一步观察。     

特发性血小板减少性紫癜发病机制的研究进展

特发性血小板减少性紫癜是一种常见的出血性自身免疫性疾病,它的发病机制错综复杂,目前尚未完全明确。近年来,由于分子免疫学、细胞生物学以及分子遗传学的快速发展,ITP的发病机制也取得了很多新进展。本文将从血小板免疫、分子模拟、基因调控失衡、Fas/FasL凋亡途径缺陷、Fcγ脚受体、HLA遗传多态性、细胞因子多态性、Th1/Th2类细胞漂移、自身T细胞功能缺陷等多个角度,对ITP的发病机制作一综述。     

Case ReportInduction of T-cell Tolerance in a Patient with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura by Single Injection of Humanized Monoclonal Antibody to CD40 Ligand

Normal B cells can be induced to express immune costimulatory molecules by activated T cells, and activated CD4 T cells can express CD40 ligand, a molecule that can engage CD40 on the B-cell surface. CD40–CD40 ligand interaction plays an important role in the pathology of certain autoimmune diseases. We report a patient with chronic idiopathic thrombocyopenic purpura (ITP) who was effectively treated with a single injection of humanized monoclonal antibody to CD40 ligand (E6040). The patient was refractory to steroid therapy, and had baseline platelet counts below 30×10⁹/l during the 3-month period before antibody treatment. The patient's platelet counts have increased to more than 100×10⁹/l long-term after E6040 administration. Platelet-associated IgG was decreased with thrombocytosis. Compared with the initial period of E6040 administration, the number of anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibody-producing B cells decreased, and proliferative response of autoreactive T cells to GPIIb/IIIa was also improved. A single injection of humanized monoclonal antibody to CD40 ligand may induce T-cell tolerance in patients with ITP.     

CD72 Polymorphism Associated with Child-Onset of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Chinese Patients

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a disease putatively relating to abnormal immune function and auto-antiplatelet immunoglobulin. We examined whether polymorphism of CD72, an inhibitory receptor of B cells, affect the susceptibility to ITP, or associated with the clinical characteristics of ITP. A case-control study was carried out in 206 Chinese ITP patients and 169 healthy controls. The detection of variable number of tandem repeats in CD72 intron 8 was performed by polymerase chain reaction and subsequent analysis with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We did not find direct association between CD72 genotypes and susceptibility to ITP. The haplotype that contained one repeat of 13 nucleotides in intron 8 (designated as *1, and haplotype containing two repeat of 13 nucleotides in intron 8 is designated as *2) was significantly associated with early first onset age (≤14) in ITP patients (P = 0.03). ITP patients with CD72*1\*1 and *1\*2 genotype had a 3.09-fold [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.32~7.25] and 1.98-fold (95%CI, 0.92~4.25) increased risk of appearing ITP manifestation at their childhood respectively. The haplotype CD72*1 is apparently a risk allele, whereas CD72*2 a protective allele for child-onset of ITP disease.     

难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜的治疗进展

特发性血小板减少性紫癜经脾切除和糖皮质激素治疗后仍需积极治疗定义为难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜。目前糖皮质激素、免疫球蛋白、艾曲波帕 、罗米司亭、利妥昔单等已广泛应用于该病的治疗,但部分患者仍无疗效,进而有更多新型药物正在研发,如新型促血小板药物Avatrombopag（E5501）、抗CD20单克隆抗体（Veltuzumab）、Syk抑制剂（R788）、抗CD152抗体（Alemtuzumab）等,或者免疫抑制剂用于该病,如长春花碱、环孢素A、环磷酰胺等。也有针对于该病的新理论的提出需要临床验证。本文就围绕该病的治疗进展展开讨论。     

探讨病毒感染与儿童特发性血小板减少性紫癜的关系

目的 :探讨病毒感染与儿童特发性血小板减少性紫癜 (ITP)发生的关系。方法 :采用PCR及荧光定量PCR的方法 ,分别检测 5 0例ITP患儿外周血中人微小病毒B19、人巨细胞病毒 (HCMV)、Epstein -Barr病毒(EBV)的感染情况 ,并与 35例正常儿童进行比较。同时检测其血小板、PAIgG。 结果 :ITP患儿外周血单个核细胞中VB19、HCMV、EBV的阳性率分别为 4 0 0 %、2 0 0 %、16 0 % ,与正常对照组相比 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :儿童ITP的发生与VB19、HCMV和EBV的病毒感染关系密切。     

隐匿型肾小球肾炎外周血CD44、CD54、CD62P的表达及意义

目的:探讨隐匿型肾小球肾炎外周血粘附分子CD44、CD54、CD62P的表达与疾病的关系。方法:采用流式细胞全血免疫荧光直标术对25例隐匿型肾小球肾炎患者外周血进行CD44、CD54、CD62P标记后,上流式细胞仪检测。结果:隐匿型肾小球肾炎患者外周血CD44、CD54、CD62P的表达显著高于正常对照(P<0.01),而且肉眼血尿组CD44、CD54、CD62P的表达显著高于尿检异常组(P<0.01)。结论:黏附分子CD44、CD54、CD62P可能介导和参与了隐匿型肾小球肾炎的发生及发展过程,外周血粘附分子CD44、CD54、CD62P的检测可为临床隐匿型肾小球肾炎的诊断和治疗提供分子依据。     

Selective inhibition of platelets by the GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist Tirofiban reduces leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction in murine antigen-induced arthritis

Objective: Inflammation is associated with the invasion of leukocytes into affected tissues and with the up-regulation of platelet activation and adhesion. Assuming that leukocyte accumulation is linked to platelet aggregation, the aim of our study was to examine the effects of selective platelet inhibition by the glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist Tirofiban on the leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction. Material and methods: We used the model of antigen-induced arthritis (AiA) to induce inflammatory changes in the synovial microcirculation. Ex vivo labelled platelets and in vivo fluorescence-labelled leukocytes were visualized by intravital microscopy (IVM). C57/Bl6 mice were allocated to four groups; two control groups with saline or Tirofiban and two groups with AiA that also received either saline or Tirofiban (0.5 μg/g BW) intravenously. Results: There was no significant change in platelet- or leukocyte- endothelial cell interaction in the endothelium in healthy control animals. In contrast, after selective inhibition of platelets, the platelet- and leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction was significantly reduced in arthritic mice and reached the level of the healthy control groups. Conclusion: Selective platelet inhibition by Tirofiban resulted in reduced leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in AiA. Consequently, platelets contribute to leukocyte adhesion in AiA via GPIIb/IIIa and therefore platelet inhibition could become an additional therapy option in chronic arthritic disease. M. Schmitt-Sody, P. Metz: Both authors contributed equally to this work. Received 13 February 2007; returned for revision 19 April 2007; accepted by J. Di Battista 22 May 2007     

抗血小板糖蛋白IIb/IIIa Fab抗体的原核表达及其生物活性

目的 :研制抗血小板膜糖蛋白IIb/IIIaFab抗体。方法 :通过间接免疫荧光试验和血小板聚集抑制试验 ,选取鼠源抗血小板糖蛋白IIb/IIIa单克隆抗体 (mAbP14 0 )。从分泌该mAb的杂交瘤细胞株 (P14 0 )中 ,克隆到抗体轻链基因和重链Fd段基因 ,构建原核表达重组质粒p3MH/P14 0к Fd ,并在XLI Blu菌株中进行表达。采用钴亲和层析法对P14 0Fab抗体进行纯化 ,用SDS PAGE、ELISA和Westernblot等方法 ,对P14 0Fab抗体进行检测 ,并通过血小板聚集抑制试验 ,观察P14 0Fab抗体的抗栓活性。结果 :SDS PAGE和Westernblot表明 ,纯化的P14 0Fab抗体的相对分子质量 (Mr)约为 4 70 0 0。ELISA的结果显示 ,P14 0Fab抗体可与人血小板特异性结合。在体外ADP诱导的血小板聚集试验中 ,P14 0Fab抗体对血小板聚集的抑制作用成剂量依赖性 ,IC50 的平均值为 16 .85mg/L。结论 :成功地研制出具有抗栓活性的抗血小板膜糖蛋白IIb/IIIa的Fab抗体     

Correction of Th1-dominant Cytokine Profiles by High-dose Dexamethasone in Patients with Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

To investigate the possible correcting of T helper (Th) cytokine profiles by high-dose dexamethasone (HD-DXM) therapy in chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) with active disease, we determined the plasma levels of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β1 in 52 patients before and after oral administration of 40 mg/day DXM for four consecutive days. The cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that initial responses were reached in all patients and sustained response (SR) rate is 46.15%. The pretreatment plasma levels of both IFN-γ and IL-2 were significantly increased and those of IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β1 significantly decreased, compared with those of the normal controls (P < 0.01), indicating a Th1-dominant cytokine profile typically found in ITP. After HD-DXM treatment, IFN-γ and IL-2 were decreased (P < 0.01), whereas IL-4 and IL-10 were increased (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the HD-DXM-treated patients and the normal controls (P > 0.05). TGF-β1 was also increased (P < 0.01) after HD-DXM treatment, but still lower than that of the normal controls (P < 0.05). During following-up, the cytokine profiles in the SRs remained stable compared to the posttreatment level (P > 0.05), but IFN-γ and IL-2 levels raised up, and IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β1 levels reduced again in the relapsed patients (P < 0.01). Our data demonstrate that HD-DXM is an effective initial therapy for ITP, and the Th1 cytokine dominance could be corrected by HD-DXM.