重庆市丙型病毒性肝炎血清流行病学调查

目的了解重庆市丙型肝炎（丙肝）病毒（HCV）感染现状,为制订防治策略提供依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法抽取3251名1-59岁人群进行血清流行病学调查,用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）夹心法检测抗-HCV。结果重庆市1-59岁人群抗-HCV阳性率为0.80%,北碚区感染率最高为1.66%,酉阳县最低为0.38%,城市和农村抗-HCV阳性率分别为1.05%和0.60%。有手术史和献血史人群抗-HCV阳性率分别为2.70%和1.37%。结论重庆市抗-HCV阳性率低于我国人群一般水平,丙肝感染在重庆各地均存在,有献血史人群的丙肝感染率高于无受血献血史人群。     

江苏省宜兴地区丙型肝炎病毒F蛋白抗体检测

目的检测江苏省宜兴地区丙型肝炎（丙肝）患者血清丙肝病毒（HCV）-F抗体及其分布。方法利用基因重组获得的HCV—F／GST蛋白作为抗原，包被酶联反应板，ELISA间接法检测120例丙肝患者、15例乙肝患者、3例戊肝患者及10份正常人血清HCV—F抗体，结合丙肝患者的临床资料及疾病特征，统计分析HCV—F抗体的分布情况及与HCV感染的关系。结果120例丙肝患者血清HCV—F抗体阳性82例，阳性率68％，而15例乙肝、3例戊肝患者及10份正常人血清标本均未检出阳性；资料分析显示HCV—F抗体阳性率与HCV患者年龄、临床类型之间差异有统计学意义，51岁以上年龄组的HCV—F抗体阳性率是20～50岁组的6．675倍（95％CI：2．407～19．071），并且随着病程进展，阳性率也随之增高（OR=2．749，95％CI：1．470～5．141）。结论江苏省宜兴地区HCV感染者血清中存在HCV—F抗体，并可能与病程相关。     

深圳市强制戒毒人员丙型病毒性肝炎流行病学调查

目的 了解深圳市强制戒毒人员丙型病毒性肝炎丙肝的感染状况及影响因素。方法 采用统一的调查问卷对深圳市强制戒毒人员进行调查并采血进行抗-HCV检测,分析吸毒人群丙肝感染情况及可能影响因素。结果 共调查深圳市戒毒人员1 002人,男女性别比为32.4∶1。平均年龄（35.0 ± 7.7）岁,以21~45岁的青壮年人群为主,占89.5%（897/1 002）。职业以无业为主,占45.0%（451/1002）,文化程度以初中为主,占51.7%,非深圳户籍占88.4%。深圳市强制戒毒人员HCV阳性率为50.5%,年龄（OR=1.027）、户籍（OR=1.722）和共用注射器（OR=2.822）是抗-HCV阳性的危险因素,年龄越大、户籍为非深圳户籍、共用注射器的强制戒毒人员抗-HCV阳性的可能性较大。结论 深圳市强制戒毒人员抗-HCV阳性率较高,共用注射器吸毒是吸毒人群感染和传播丙肝的重要因素,开展有针对性的健康教育和行为干预是深圳市吸毒人群丙肝防控的主要措施。     

职业病患者中HCV、HIV、TP抗体监测结果分析

目的通过对职业病患者丙型肝炎（HCV）、梅毒（TP）及艾滋病（HIV）的抗体监测,了解职业人群的感染状况。方法采用本院就诊的铅中毒、汞中毒及尘肺患者,另外选择非从事有害工种的健康体检者作为对照。用ELISA法检测HIV、梅毒和丙肝抗体。结果职业病患者其抗-HCV的阳性率为1.08%,抗-TP的阳性率为2.56%,抗-HIV的阳性率为0.13%。抗-HCV和抗-TP的阳性率明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论职业病人群丙型肝炎、梅毒及HIV的感染情况不容乐观,应加强传染病预防知识的普及、宣传,降低职业病人群的感染率。     

成都地区人群丙型肝炎病毒感染及危险因素分析

目的分析四川省成都地区人群丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染状况及危险因素,为疾病预防控制提供科学理论依据。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样法,在成都市13个区中抽取79 132例常住居民进行抗-HCV检测和问卷调查。分析抗-HCV阳性分布情况,采用病例对照法分析HCV感染危险因素。结果研究调查率为92.00%(72 805/79 132),总体抗-HCV阳性率为0.82%(597/72 805);男性抗-HCV阳性率显著高于女性(P0.05);51～60岁抗-HCV阳性率最高,与其他组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),0～10岁抗-HCV阳性率最低;小学及以下抗-HCV阳性率最高,与其他组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),大专及以上抗-HCV阳性率最低,随学历升高抗-HCV阳性率呈下降趋势(χ_(趋势)~2=31.257,P0.001);农民抗-HCV阳性率最高,与其他组比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),学生抗-HCV阳性率最低;抗-HCV阳性率前5为依次为天府新区、新都区、温江区、郫都区、青白江区,郊区抗-HCV阳性率显著高于主城区(P0.05);病例组中有家庭成员HCV史、口腔诊疗史、侵入性检查史、手术史、献血史、输血史、针灸史、纹身史、共用注射器史以及经常共用牙刷、剃须刀、从未使用安全套比例显著高于对照组(P0.05);侵入性检查、针灸、经常共用牙刷、经常共用剃须刀为HCV感染高危因素(P0.05)。结论成都地区男性、51～60岁、小学及以下受教育水平、农民、郊区人群HCV感染率较高,侵入性检查、针灸、经常共用牙刷、经常共用剃须刀为HCV感染高危因素,应重视对HCV感染相关知识的健康宣教,并采取针对性干预措施。     

输血传播性丙型肝炎病毒感染的相关因素探讨

目的研究输血传播性丙型肝炎与输血量、抗-HCV和ALT筛检献血血液、国内厂商的抗-HCV试剂盒质量的关系。方法抗-HCV采用ELISA检测，ALT用速率法测定，HCVRNA用RT-PCR定性测定，相关因素的统计分析应用2检验和相关回归分析。结果输血传播性丙型肝炎发生率与输血量X（U）呈正相关。输入经抗-HCV筛检的血液比输入未经抗-HCV筛检的血液的丙肝发生率减少79．76％，有非常显著的意义（χ^2=315．,06，P〈0．001）。献血者ALT异常数与抗-HCV阳性两者有关联性（χ^2=176．81，P〈0．001），但关系很疏远（Pearson列联系数C=0．046）。国产ELISA抗-HCV试剂盒的弱阳性重复性符合率的差异无统计学意义（χ^2=2．66，P〉0．05），合计弱阳性重复性符合率是62．84％，不确定率是37，16％；总体阳性重复性符合率之间的差异有非常显著的统计学意义（χ^2=10．02，P〈0．001），合计总阳性重复性符合率是90．01％，总不确定率是9．99％。配对比较国产ELISA抗一HCV试剂阳性检出率差异有非常显著的统计学意义（χ^2=8．05、30．11，P〈0．01）。结论随着输血量的增大，输血后丙型肝炎感染的危险性随之增大，符合Frost—Reed模型。建议血站用高质量的ELISA抗HCV试剂，并增加HCVAg或HCVRNA检测以缩短感染的“窗口期”，减少HCV病毒感染的残余风险度，保证输血安全。     

持续性血液透析乙型及丙型肝炎感染相关因素分析及预防措施探讨

目的探讨持续性血液透析乙型及丙型肝炎感染相关因素,并提出预防措施。方法选择468例患者,透析前后采血送检,检测乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)及丙肝抗体(抗-HCV),对所有患者透析前后HBV及HCV情况进行详细的记录,并根据患者性别、年龄、透析时间、输血次数结合病毒感染情况进行分析。结果透析后患者乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)及丙肝抗体(抗-HCV)阳性率均显著高于透析前(P0.05),输血次数多及透析时间长者发生透析后HBsAg阳性和抗-HCV阳性率高于输血次数少及透析时间短者(P0.05)。结论持续性血液透析患者随着透析时间和输血次数的增加,其感染乙型与丙型肝炎的比率升高。     

承德市市区2005—2009年食品与公共场所从业人员丙型肝炎病毒感染情况

目的了解2005—2009年承德市市区食品与公共场所从业人员丙型肝炎(下称丙肝)病毒(HCV)感染情况,为以后制定丙肝及其他传染病的防治策略提供科学依据。方法采用免疫学方法对2005年1月—2009年12月承德市市区从业人员进行抗-HCV测定,并对收集的数据进行统计分析。结果2005—2009年承德市市区食品与公共场所从业人员抗-HCV平均阳性率为0.173%。2005—2009年间抗-HCV阳性率有逐年上升趋势,但各年抗-HCV阳性率之间差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.228,P0.05)。其中食品卫生行业从业人员抗-HCV阳性率为0.174%;公共场所行业从业人员抗-HCV阳性率为0.172%。经统计学分析,两者之间阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.00438,P0.05)。结论食品卫生与公共场所相关单位的监督和管理工作到位,丙肝阳性率无明显增长。为保证承德市区的公共卫生安全,应坚持食品卫生和公共场所从业人员一年一次的健康检查及调离工作,同时加强该人群的丙肝防治工作。     

血清HCVRNA荧光定量与丙型肝炎诊断意义

目的探讨血清HCVRNA荧光定量在丙型肝炎诊断中的意义。方法采用ELISA法和荧光定量PCR法检测292例慢性丙肝患者抗-HCV和HCVRNA。结果抗-HCV及HCVRNA检出率分别为71.9%(210/292)和51.3%(150/292);抗HCV( )组和抗-HCV(-)组HCVRNA的检出率分别为75.9%(82/108)和10.5%(4/83)。结论抗HCV( )组HCVRNA检出率高于抗-HCV(-)组;血清HCVRNA荧光定量是临床诊断丙型肝炎的直接证据;抗-HCV诊断丙肝感染有漏诊现象。     

合格献血员丙型肝炎病毒感染的非条件Logistic回归分析

本文报告了对410名合格献血员丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染及其危险因素的调查结果。结果表明丙型肝炎病毒抗体(抗-HCV)阳性率为23.9%,证明献血员是HCV 感染的高危人群之一。用非条件Logistic 回归分析的结果表明,男性献血员HCV 感染的危险性高子女性(OR=1.73),在单采浆还输血球血站献血者其HCV 感染的危险性高于在全血血站献血(OR=4.51),有ALT 异常史的献血员抗-HCV阳性率高于无ALT 异常史者(OR=2.48)。结果提示,由于目前血站尚未开展抗-HCV 筛检,供血员的血液给受血者造成了感染丙型肝炎的威胁。     

Hepatitis C virus infection among children in aboriginal areas in Taiwan

The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among adults in aboriginal areas has been shown to be higher than in urban areas in Taiwan. Whether the prevalence of HCV infection is also higher among children in aboriginal areas remains unclear. In total, 1176 schoolchildren in four aboriginal areas were invited to participate in the study. All children were tested for serum antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) and liver enzymes. The age range of children was 6-13 years. Another 606 sex- and age-matched schoolchildren from an urban area served as controls. There was no statistically significant difference in prevalence of anti-HCV between aboriginal and Han Chinese students in aboriginal areas. The prevalence of anti-HCV was 0.3% (4/1176) in aboriginal areas, which was similar to the prevalence of 0% (0/606) in the urban area. The four anti-HCV seropositive aboriginal children were all negative for HCV RNA. Our data suggest that the high prevalence of anti-HCV among aboriginal adults might be due to subsequent exposure to risk factors after school age.     

A higher than expected recovery rate from hepatitis C infection amongst adolescents: a community study in a hepatitis C-endemic township in Taiwan

This study investigated the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), evaluated clinical manifestations of hepatitis C, and explored the risk factors amongst adolescents in an HCV-hyperendemic area in Taiwan. In December 1999, 713 students aged 13-16 years from Taishi township, in central Taiwan, were enrolled in a screening program for anti-HCV and alanine transaminase (ALT) status. Fourteen participants (M/F = 6/8) were positive for anti-HCV. Eight of the 14 later proved to be negative for HCV RNA, and they demonstrated relatively low sample rate/cut-off rate (S/CO) ratios (1.05-11.83) for anti-HCV tests. All HCV RNA negative cases had normal serum ALT levels. The other six (43%) seropositive students demonstrated HCV viraemia and greater S/CO ratios (25.66-77.49). Two of these six participants had elevated serum ALT levels. Compared to anti-HCV-negative subjects, anti-HCV-positive students exhibited significantly greater rates of exposure to one or more of the following: blood transfusion, tattooing, and earlobe piercing. This study group has a greater prevalence (2%) of anti-HCV than the general Taiwanese population at the same age. The study also reveals a lower rate (43%) of chronicity of HCV infection than that reported in the literature.     

广西壮族自治区部分地区1992～1993年新生儿乙型肝炎疫苗接种率和血清学效果调查

广西壮族自治区正在普遍推广乙型肝炎（乙肝）疫苗接种,为了解城市和农村乙肝疫苗的接种率和血清学效果,于1994～1995年在南宁等5个城市和农村三类地区,按容量比例概率抽样法,抽取1991年1月1日～1993年12月31日出生的儿童842人,调查乙肝疫苗接种率．结果5个城市均为100％,农村富裕地区为47.4o％,一般地区为39.3％,而贫困地区仅为18．1％．又以随机抽样的方法,在柳州等3个城市和5个地区,抽取1992年1月1日～1993年12月31日出生并全部接种了乙肝疫苗的儿童1459人,用固相放射免疫法检测执-HBs,用酶免疫法检测HBsAg和抗-HBc．结果1994年1～2岁儿童的HBsAg阳性率为1.7％,1986年的9.7％下降了82.5％。进一步提高农村地区,特别是贫困地区乙肝疫苗的接种率,是降低乙肝病毒携带和传播的关键。     

Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection among Egyptian healthcare workers in a national liver diseases referral centre

Little is known about the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) among healthcare workers (HCW) in Egypt, where the highest worldwide prevalence of HCV exists. The prevalence of HCV, hepatitis B virus and Schistosoma mansoni antibodies was examined in 842 HCWs at the National Liver Institute in the Nile Delta, where >85% of patients are HCV antibody-positive. The mean age of HCWs was 31.5 years and they reported an average of 0.6±1.2 needlesticks/HCW/year. The prevalence of anti-HCV, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and co-infection was 16.6%, 1.5% and 0.2%, respectively. HCV-RNA was present in 72.1% of anti-HCV-positive HCWs, and all but one subject were infected with HCV genotype 4. Schistosoma mansoni antibodies were present in 35.1%. The anti-HCV rate increased sharply with age and employment duration, but not among those with needlestick history. After adjusting for other risk factors, the anti-HCV rate was higher among older HCWs [P<0.001; risk ratio (RR) = 1.086, 95% CI 1.063-1.11], males (P=0.002; RR=1.911, 95% CI 1.266-2.885) and those with rural residence (P<0.001; RR=2.876, 95% CI 1.830-4.52). Occupation (P=0.133), duration of employment (P=0.272) or schistosomal antibody positivity (P=0.152) were not significant risk factors for anti-HCV positivity. In conclusion, although one in six HCWs had been infected with HCV, the infections were more likely to be community-acquired and not occupationally related.     

Risk factors associated with hepatitis C virus infection in Taiwanese government employees

This study evaluated the roles of multiple factors in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, with emphasis on the modification of various individual characteristics on the risk associated with percutaneous exposure to blood. Serum samples taken from 4869 men in Taiwan within a cohort study were tested for HCV antibody. The overall positive rate of anti-HCV was 1.6%. In a logistic regression, factors positively associated with anti-HCV positivity were previous blood transfusion (odds ratio [OR] = 7.28: 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.26-12.45), a history of surgery (OR = 2.06: 95% CI = 1 23-3.46), and lower educational levels (OR = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.14-3.32). The anti-HCV positive rate was significantly lower in hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers than in non-carriers (OR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.37-0.95). Ageing, lower educational levels, O blood group, and Taiwanese ethnicity enhanced the likelihood of HCV infection through blood transfusion/surgery, whereasHBsAg status, cigarette smoking, and habitual alcohol drinking reduced it.     

Prevalence and associated factors to hepatitis C in hemodialysis patients in Brazil

OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is higher in patients on hemodialysis than in the general population, probably due to greater exposure to risk situations. The purposes of the study were to determine anti-HCV antibodies prevalence among hemodialysis patients and dialysis clinics and patients factors associated with HCV transmission. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 752 hemodialysis patients in all 12 dialysis clinics of Fortaleza, Brazil, and were screened using third generation ELISA. Sociodemographic, clinical, and epidemiological data of 663 patients were collected through interviews. Nosocomial factors were assessed using a specific questionnaire tool. Statistical analysis was conducted using Student's t test, odds ratio and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of anti-HCV was 52% (390/746; ranged from 6% to 72%). The anti-HCV positivity was higher in patients who had previous peritoneal dialysis (OR=1.76; 95% CI 1.12-2.76) and blood transfusion (OR=2.75; 95% CI 1.25-6.03). Dialysis age has been associated with anti-HCV positivity (OR=1.47; 95% CI 1.35-1.61). Clinics practices associated with anti-HCV positivity were: previous preparing of heparin (OR=2.92; 95% CI 1.23-6.92), failure in gloves use or change (OR=5.73; 95% CI 1.75-18.72), unsatisfactory dialysis machine disinfection (OR=2.79; 95% CI 1.57-4.96), and patient isolation in dialysis room (OR=0.18; 95% CI 0.05-0.61). CONCLUSIONS: The results show high anti-HCV prevalence among hemodialysis patients and the association of nosocomial factors with new HCV infection cases.     

百色市中小学生贫血检出现状及影响因素研究

目的 研究百色市中小学生贫血检出现状及相关因素,为降低百色市中小学生贫血患病情况提供科学依据。方法 2021年1—3月采用随机整群抽样法抽取百色市12个县区中每个县区各1所初中和小学,对抽中的所有学生进行问卷调查、体格检查及血生化指标检测,检测血红蛋白含量进行贫血筛查,采用描述流行病学分析方法对百色市中小学生贫血现状进行分析,并采用单、多因素分析方法对中小学生贫血的影响因素进行分析。结果 本研究共纳入30 248名中小学生,检出贫血4 295例,贫血患病率为14.20%,其中轻度、中度、重度贫血分别为3 124、1 063、108例,占比分别为72.74%、24.75%、2.51%。不同BMI、母亲学历、贫血史、膳食状况、体育锻炼情况的百色市中小学生贫血患病率差异有统计学意义（均P<0.01）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,BMI偏瘦（OR=1.933）、贫血史（OR=2.282）是百色市中小学生贫血的危险因素,母亲学历越高（OR=0.828、0.662）、健康膳食（OR=0.670）、体育锻炼达标（OR=0.592）是百色市中小学生贫血的保护因素。结论 百色市中小学生贫血率较高,受到多种因素影响,应针对性采取有效干预措施,加强科学营养膳食管理、促进中小学生增强体质,降低贫血患病率、提高健康水平。     

Assessment of the occurrence and basic determinants of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among medical students in Silesian voivodeship

HCV infection may result in serious health consequences such as chronic hepatitis C and liver cancer. In Poland, the data on the prevalence of HCV infection is limited and available information suggests an increased risk among young males. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection between medical and non medical students, and to explore probable routes of HCV transmission. The project was conducted as a cross-sectional study. The study group included medical students (IV, V and VI year) and non medical students as a control group. The subjects were examined in the period from November 2002 to January 2003, (study group: n = 221; control group: n = 129). Serum samples were tested for antibody to HCV by ELISA method and anti-HCV positive samples were verified using Western Blot Line technique. Probable routes of infection were assessed by questionnaire. Preliminary results obtained in 29% of the target group suggested, that the prevalence of positive anti-HCV among students was 2.6% (95% PU: 1.2%-4.8%). It was higher among non medical than medical students (4.7% vs 1.4%). Anti-hepatitis C virus seropositivity was associated with a history of hepatitis. Verification of 9 positive anti-HCV cases proved only 1 HCV infection. Results presented in this paper are preliminary and will be verified after obtaining data for 600 medical students and for 600 subjects in the control group.     

柳州市美沙酮门诊吸毒人群HIV、HCV和梅毒感染状况分析

目的了解柳州市美沙酮门诊吸毒人群HIV、HCV和梅毒（TP）感染状况,为采取干预提供依据。方法采集2家美沙酮维持治疗门诊吸毒人员静脉血标本共计518份,进行抗-HIV、抗-HCV、梅毒抗体检测。结果518名吸毒人员中,HIV抗体阳性31例（5.98%）,HCV抗体阳性443例（85.52%）,TP阳性19例（3.67%）;HIV/HCV合并感染30例（5.79%）,TP/HCV合并感染19例（3.67%）,HIV/TP合并感染1例（0.19%）。结论柳州市美沙酮门诊吸毒人群中HIV、HCV、TP感染率较高,应积极开展针对性的干预措施。     

2006年南宁市某社区部分注射吸毒人员HBV、HCV、HIV、梅毒感染情况调查

[目的]了解南宁市社区注射吸毒人员的乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）、艾滋病病毒（HIV）、梅毒螺旋体（TP）感染情况。[方法]2006年3月，对南宁市某社区内的189名注射吸毒人员进行调查，采血检测HBsAg、抗-HCV、抗-HIV、梅毒抗体。[结果]检测189人，HBsAg阳性率为7．94％，抗-HCV阳性率为91.01％，TP感染率为4.76％，抗-HIV阳性率为19．05％，36名HIV感染者均合并感染HCV。[结论]某社区注射吸毒人员HCV、HIV、TP感染率较高。