武汉市男性每日吸烟者戒烟意愿和尝试戒烟的影响因素分析

目的探讨武汉市男性每日吸烟者戒烟意愿和尝试戒烟的影响因素,为控烟干预提供科学依据。方法 2015年11-12月,在武汉市14个区采用分层多阶段整群概率抽样法选取符合标准的调查对象进行入户问卷调查。结果共抽取调查对象男性现在每日吸烟者872人(20.2%),样本加权后,代表了武汉市1 493 855的男性每日吸烟者。在过去12个月中,37.2%(95%CI:32.269～42.073)的男性每日吸烟者有戒烟意愿,仅21.6%的男性每日吸烟者尝试过戒烟。在过去12个月内看过医生且被建议戒烟的男性每日吸烟者(50.2%,95%CI:40.911～59.486),其戒烟意愿高于未看过医生(33.6%,95%CI:28.188～39.012)和看过医生未被建议戒烟(32.2%,95%CI:19.933～44.440)者,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,在过去12个月内被医生建议戒烟者(OR=2.062,95%CI:1.159～3.672)比未看过医生的男性每日吸烟者更有可能尝试戒烟,且差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论武汉市男性现在每日吸烟者总体戒烟意愿弱,尝试戒烟行为少。医生建议戒烟能激发男性每日吸烟者的戒烟意愿和尝试戒烟行为。     

成都市城市居民尝试戒烟行为影响因素

目的探讨成都市城市吸烟者尝试戒烟行为的影响因素,为有针对性地制定控烟措施提供依据。方法 2018年11—12月,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取成都市6个主城区≥15岁人群进行入户调查。结果共调查成都市城市居民1 920名,现在吸烟者414名,现在吸烟率为21.6%,过去12个月内有过尝试戒烟行为的人数为90人,占21.7%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,在过去12个月内被医生建议戒烟者比没有接受到戒烟建议的吸烟者更有可能尝试戒烟(OR=0.262,95%CI=0.093～0.737)。结论成都市城市居民现在吸烟者尝试戒烟率较低。医生建议戒烟能促使吸烟者去尝试戒烟,建议提高医务人员干预戒烟服务能力,提高戒烟成功率。     

重庆市城市男性吸烟者戒烟意愿及其影响因素分析

目的探讨重庆市城市男性吸烟者的戒烟意愿及其影响因素。方法在重庆市主城区采取横断面多阶段抽样法,对435名男性吸烟者进行问卷调查。运用单因素X~2检验和多因素logistic回归分析方法检验吸烟者的戒烟意愿影响因素。结果重庆市主城区男性吸烟者44.83%的吸烟者有戒烟意愿;最近一个月是否注意到烟盒上的警示语、家庭吸烟规定、是否因目前烟价贵而减少吸烟、是否有过3次以上的戒烟经历是影响吸烟者戒烟意愿的主要因素。结论吸烟者的戒烟意愿受主观认识和客观环境的影响,戒烟行动应当受到吸烟者个人和社会的共同关注,可从培养吸烟者的健康意识、扩大健康宣传、大幅度提高烟草税率、夸张表现烟盒上的警示语以及社会和家庭的共同支持几个方面来提高吸烟者的戒烟意愿。     

北京市西城区居民吸烟与戒烟状况调查分析

目的分析北京市西城区某社区15岁以上人群吸烟及戒烟状况,为今后的控烟工作提供借鉴和参考。方法采用多阶段整群概率抽样方法,抽取西城区15岁及以上常住居民583人,调查居民吸烟与戒烟相关情况。结果北京市西城区某社区居民现在吸烟率为21.8%。男性现在吸烟率(42.9%)高于女性(2.9%);50～59岁人群现在吸烟率较高(26.5%),服务业人群现在吸烟率(26.8%)高于其他职业人群。现在吸烟者尝试戒烟率为18.9%,尝试戒烟次数≥2次占79.2%,吸烟者中过去12个月内接受过医生戒烟建议的占22.0%;戒烟者尝试的戒烟方法中,没有人使用药物戒烟、咨询戒烟门诊者占4.2%、咨询戒烟热线者占4.2%。结论应加强对男性、中老年及服务业人群的控烟宣传;着力提高吸烟者戒烟意愿、加强医务人员提供简短戒烟干预服务、推动辖区居民戒烟时寻求戒烟门诊专业帮助。     

天津市城区吸烟者戒烟尝试及意愿调查

目的了解天津市成年人吸烟状况、戒烟尝试及戒烟打算,以及医疗卫生系统提供戒烟指导的情况,为有针对性地在居民中开展戒烟服务提供依据及制定相关控烟政策提供基础数据。方法于2013年11-12月,采用多阶段整群抽样设计,选取天津市城区1 977例非集体居住的15岁及以上常住居民为调查对象,进行戒烟情况个体调查。用SPSS 22.0软件进行χ2检验。结果天津市城区居民中男性的现在吸烟率为43.8%,女性则为4.0%。15岁及以上现在吸烟者中,仅有2.0%的吸烟者打算在未来一个月内戒烟,7.6%的吸烟者打算在未来12个月内戒烟,90.4%的吸烟者对戒烟不感兴趣(包括"会戒烟,但不在12个月内"、"没兴趣戒烟"和"不知道")。仅有16.1%的现在吸烟者在过去12个月中至少尝试过一次戒烟,而其中戒烟超过24 h的比例为63.5%。在看过病的现在吸烟者中,66.4%的吸烟者在看病时得到医务人员的戒烟建议。曾经每日吸烟者的比例为4.1%,每日吸烟者的戒烟比为15.1%,女性为25.5%,男性为13.9%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论天津市城区居民戒烟率及戒烟意愿均较低,建议通过采取将医生提供简短戒烟帮助纳入医疗机构常规诊疗过程等有效方式提高居民戒烟率。     

北京市吸烟人群戒烟意愿及影响因素研究

目的了解北京市吸烟人群戒烟意愿及影响因素,为制定有效的干预措施提供依据。方法采用多阶段抽样法,抽取801名吸烟者进行调查,了解其基本信息、戒烟史、戒烟心理、戒烟动机等情况,并探讨影响吸烟者戒烟意愿的因素。结果 801名吸烟者中有51.4%曾尝试过戒烟,24.7%的人打算在未来6个月内戒烟。Logistic回归分析发现,个人健康、亲人反对及禁止吸烟规定会促使吸烟者想到戒烟;吸烟者本人的信心及坚信戒烟后健康会受益也是产生戒烟意愿的有利因素;此外,有过戒烟经历的吸烟者更愿意戒烟。结论控烟工作中,在进行健康教育的同时,强化吸烟者戒烟决心,传授戒烟的技能,倡导吸烟者周围的亲人、家属一起参与,将会起到更好的效果。     

中国成人吸烟者尝试戒烟率及其影响因素研究

目的描述我国成人吸烟人群尝试戒烟的情况,探讨影响戒烟行为的主要因素。方法以多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,在全国抽取16 800个家庭户,每户随机抽取1名调查对象进行问卷调查。数据加权后,采用SAS 9.3复杂抽样设计的方法进行分析,其中尝试戒烟率的影响因素分析使用非条件Logistic回归。结果 4267名现在吸烟者纳入分析,31.51%的现在吸烟者报告在过去12个月内戒过烟,其中男性为31.28%,女性为35.93%。偶尔吸烟者的尝试戒烟率为44.97%,高于每日吸烟者的29.22%,既往得到医务人员戒烟建议的为40.32%,高于未获得者的30.87%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。居住地为农村(OR=0.55,95%CI:0.37～0.81)、偶尔吸烟(OR=0.42,95%CI:0.25～0.70)、过去12个月内获得医务人员的戒烟建议(OR=0.65,95%CI:0.45～0.92)、家中室内区域一般不允许吸烟(OR=0.50,95%CI:0.32～0.76)、完全知晓二手烟烟雾可导致成人心脏病、儿童肺部疾病和成人肺癌这3种疾病(OR=0.55,95%CI:0.38～0.80)是尝试戒烟的保护因素。结论中国15岁及以上成人现在吸烟者尝试戒烟率较低,采取简短戒烟干预、建立无烟家庭、大力宣传二手烟的危害,对促进吸烟者采取戒烟行动具有重要意义。     

应用智能手机的烟民对戒烟方式认知及戒烟意愿的调查

目的了解使用智能手机的吸烟人群的戒烟方式、戒烟意愿及对戒烟APP的认知等情况,为帮助吸烟者戒烟和增加戒烟干预手段提供科学依据。方法采用问卷调查方法对319名拥有智能手机的吸烟者进行调查,问卷调查内容包括吸烟者基本情况、戒烟方式、戒烟意愿以及对戒烟APP关注等。应用SAS 9.3软件进行数据的统计分析,戒烟意愿的影响因素采用有序多分类的累积优势logistic回归分析。结果 319名调查对象中,256名吸烟者为了身体健康而戒烟,132名是因为家人原因而戒烟;尝试过戒烟的吸烟者占58.6%(187名);71.2%的吸烟者选择靠自我意志力来戒烟,其次是咨询门诊或者戒烟热线方式(16.0%)。logistic回归分析结果表明,吸烟人群的戒烟意愿受到吸烟者所在地区规模(OR=1.224,95%CI:1.026~1.460)和尝试戒烟(OR=3.202,95%CI:2.079~4.930)两个因素的影响。结论吸烟者戒烟原因和意愿受到多方面的影响,但戒烟方式更倾向于靠自我约束,且目前戒烟APP使用者较少,可以加大戒烟APP宣传力度,完善戒烟APP的干预方法,更好地帮助吸烟者戒烟。     

2018年中国15岁及以上现在吸烟者戒烟意愿及尝试戒烟行为研究

目的描述我国≥15岁现在吸烟者戒烟意愿及尝试戒烟行为, 探讨影响其戒烟行为的主要因素。方法研究对象为我国≥15岁现在吸烟者。采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样, 在全国31个省(自治区、直辖市)共抽取200个监测点, 最终完成调查19 376人。数据加权后, 使用SAS 9.4软件复杂抽样设计方法进行分析, 采用频数和加权构成比进行描述, 使用Rao-Scottχ2检验和非条件多因素logistic回归进行影响因素分析。结果 6.63%的现在吸烟者准备在1个月内戒烟, 男性为5.44%, 女性为8.49%。17.96%的现在吸烟者在过去12个月尝试过戒烟, 男性为17.80%, 女性为22.15%。多因素分析结果显示, 偶尔吸烟(OR=3.42, 95%CI:2.09～5.59)、尝试过戒烟(OR=4.91, 95%CI:0.33～0.52)以及知晓吸烟导致3种疾病(OR=2.24, 95%CI:1.48～3.40), 戒烟意愿较高。偶尔吸烟(OR=1.68, 95%CI:1.20～2.34)、接受过医务人员的戒烟建议(OR=1.96, 95%CI:1.62～2.37)、知晓吸烟导致3种疾病(...     

环境限制对南昌市居民吸烟行为的影响

目的了解环境限制对南昌市居民吸烟、戒烟意愿和戒烟尝试的影响,为有关部门制定有效的控烟措施提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群抽样方法,于2013年11月20日至12月20日选取南昌市城区居民为调查对象,由调查员入户访谈,共抽取2 500户家庭,成功访谈2 282人。采用SPSS 17.0统计软件下的复查抽样模块进行率的χ2检验。结果现在吸烟率为22.5%;戒烟意愿率为10.1%;戒烟尝试率为21.8%。不同人口学特征与现在吸烟率有关,与现在吸烟者的戒烟意愿和戒烟尝试无关。家中有吸烟限制能有效减少现在吸烟率和提高现在吸烟者的戒烟意愿率。工作场所与公共场所的吸烟规定对吸烟行为均没有影响。医务工作者的戒烟建议、控烟广告和卷烟包装上的健康警示等均不能促使现在吸烟者产生戒烟意愿和进行戒烟尝试。结论有效利用家庭吸烟限制对吸烟行为的影响来控制烟草的流行,同时尽快出台控烟方面的法律法规,加强医务工作者的戒烟服务能力,加大媒体有关吸烟有害健康的宣传力度。     

Reported cessation advice given to African Americans by health care providers in a community health clinic

Physician smoking cessation advice has been shown to be effective in encouraging patients to attempt cessation. Few studies have examined factors associated with patient-reported physician advice in an inner city community health clinic. Smokers identified via chart review and provider referral met with a study smoking specialist. Eligible participants self-identified as African American, smoked at least 1 cigarette per day in the prior 7 days, were 18 or older, had access to a telephone, and agreed to consider blood testing for genetic susceptibility to lung cancer. Of the 869 smokers identified, 487 were eligible and completed a brief in-person and a more extensive follow-up telephone survey within one week after their visit. Patient reports of smoking cessation advice by providers were regressed on patient demographic, smoking, health, and social support variables. Seventy percent of participants reported that they had been advised to quit smoking. Smokers who were older, did not smoke menthol cigarettes, were in poorer health, and who had a regular health care provider were most likely to report having received advice. Patients in this community health setting reported high rates of provider advice to quit smoking. Yet, even in this optimal condition, young healthy smokers did not report receiving advice, even when they were ready to quit smoking. Providers may need additional training and prompting to counsel young healthy smokers about the importance of cessation.     

Quitting smoking among adults--United States, 2001-2010

Quitting smoking is beneficial to health at any age, and cigarette smokers who quit before age 35 years have mortality rates similar to those who never smoked. From 1965 to 2010, the prevalence of cigarette smoking among adults in the United States decreased from 42.4% to 19.3%, in part because of an increase in the number who quit smoking. Since 2002, the number of former U.S. smokers has exceeded the number of current smokers. Mass media campaigns, increases in the prices of tobacco products, and smoke-free policies have been shown to increase smoking cessation. In addition, brief cessation advice by health-care providers; individual, group, and telephone counseling; and cessation medications are effective cessation treatments. To determine the prevalence of 1) current interest in quitting smoking, 2) successful recent smoking cessation, 3) recent use of cessation treatments, and 4) trends in quit attempts over a 10-year period, CDC analyzed data from the 2001--2010 National Health Interview Surveys (NHIS). This report summarizes the results of that analysis, which found that, in 2010, 68.8% of adult smokers wanted to stop smoking, 52.4% had made a quit attempt in the past year, 6.2% had recently quit, 48.3% had been advised by a health professional to quit, and 31.7% had used counseling and/or medications when they tried to quit. The prevalence of quit attempts increased during 2001--2010 among smokers aged 25--64 years, but not among other age groups. Health-care providers should identify smokers and offer them brief cessation advice at each visit; counseling and medication should be offered to patients willing to make a quit attempt.     

Psychosocial factors and smoking cessation behaviors among smokers who have and have not ever tried to quit

Relationships between smoking cessation behaviors and demographic characteristics and attitudes were analyzed among two groups of smokers, those who had and had not ever tried to quit. Telephone interviews were completed with 1501 smokers at baseline and at a 3 month follow-up. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors that were associated with planning to quit, attempting to quit and quitting smoking within the two groups of smokers. Different patterns of correlates were found across groups and within the three outcome measures, indicating the potential importance of targeting interventions according to whether or not smokers have made a prior quit attempt. These findings also support the value of using multiple outcome measures in the smoking cessation process.     

Prevalence and Correlates of Smoking among Low-Income Adults Residing in New York City Public Housing Developments—2015

To guide targeted cessation and prevention programming, this study assessed smoking prevalence and described sociodemographic, health, and healthcare use characteristics of adult smokers in public housing. Self-reported data were analyzed from a random sample of 1664 residents aged 35 and older in ten New York City public housing developments in East/Central Harlem. Smoking prevalence was 20.8%. Weighted log-binomial models identified to be having Medicaid, not having a personal doctor, and using health clinics for routine care were positively associated with smoking. Smokers without a personal doctor were less likely to receive provider quit advice. While most smokers in these public housing developments had health insurance, a personal doctor, and received provider cessation advice in the last year (72.4%), persistently high smoking rates suggest that such cessation advice may be insufficient. Efforts to eliminate differences in tobacco use should consider place-based smoking cessation interventions that extend cessation support beyond clinical settings.     

Smoking cessation among Hong Kong Chinese smokers attending hospital as outpatients: impact of doctors' advice, successful quitting and intention to quit

To identify factors affecting current smokers' intention to quit smoking and factors associated with successful quitting among ex-smokers in Hong Kong. A cross-sectional survey of Chinese patients attending medical and surgical Specialist Outpatient Clinics (SOPCs) of public hospitals in Hong Kong, using a structured questionnaire. Results of the 642 respondents, 21% were current smokers, 9% were ex-smokers and 69% were non-smokers. 74% of the smokers reportedly received quitting advice from doctors. Among the current smokers, past quitting attempts, receiving information from sources other than doctors, believing that doctor's advice was useful, believing that all smokers should quit smoking and a positive attitude towards quitting were associated with intention to quit. Among those who had attempted to quit, being older (aged 50 or above), being retired/unemployed and consuming more than 10 cigarettes per day were associated with successful quitting. We found that advice from doctors on quitting smoking did not have any impact on Chinese smokers quitting or future intention to quit and reflect the inadequacy of advice given by Hong Kong doctors. The predictors of intention to quit and successful quitting identified in the study could be used to design future smoking cessation services.     

广州市初中男生尝试戒烟和戒烟成功的影响因素

目的了解初中男生的尝试戒烟率、戒烟成功率及其影响因素。方法用自填式问卷对4658名初中男生进行横断面调查,收集人口学资料、学校情况、有关吸烟与健康的知识和态度以及个人吸烟和戒烟行为等信息。结果初中男生的规律吸烟率为7·6%,68·6%的规律吸烟男生在过去12个月中尝试过戒烟,戒烟成功率为17·2%。前两位的戒烟动机是“吸烟会影响健康”和“有人劝我戒烟”。筛选出4个有统计学意义的影响尝试戒烟的因素,促进戒烟的有“曾经被人劝戒烟”、“健康缘故”、“心情不好时才吸烟”和“父母反对吸烟”等。另外,有2个影响因素与戒烟成功有统计学关联:“曾接触过反烟宣传”能促使戒烟成功,而“经常在校外吸烟”是阻碍因素。结论大部分规律吸烟者尝试过戒烟,但成功率低。应根据青少年的生理和心理特点,整合学校、家庭和社会等多方力量来帮助其成功戒烟。     

Predictors of attempting and succeeding at smoking cessation

This paper presents results of a prospective study which examined factors influencing self-initiated smoking behavior change in a cohort of smokers followed over 17 months. Employees of a cancer hospital and research center were surveyed about smoking habits, health status, attitudes about smoking and social-environmental factors. Seventeen months later, employees identified as smokers were resurveyed about their current smoking status, recent attempts at cessation and use of cessation aids in these attempts. Overall, 47% of subjects had not tried to stop smoking (non-stoppers, NS), 38% had attempted to quit but returned to smoking (recidivists, R) and 15% had successfully quit (SQ). Predictors of attempting cessation (R and SQ versus NS) included smoking fewer cigarettes daily, starting smoking at a later age, previous attempts at quitting, lower nicotine dependence, greater pressure to stop smoking and an expectation to quit in the near future. Amount smoked daily was the strongest predictor of successful quitting (SQ versus R). Findings from this study suggest intention to stop smoking is the most important factor differentiating smokers who attempt cessation from those who do not. Strength of smoking habit appears to be the strongest factor associated with successful quitting.     

Smoking habits and smoking cessation among North Carolina nurses

A 1987 questionnaire survey of a 1% random sample (n = 356) of registered nurses in North Carolina provided data on the smoking habits and smoking cessation. Fifty-six percent were never smokers; 19% were current smokers. Among the ever smokers, 31% had quit smoking for at least one year. Twenty-two percent of the former smokers had smoked less than 5 years and 39% less than 10 years before quitting. Anecdotal notes from never smokers suggested that their major deterrent to smoking was their own parents smoking. Concerns about the addictive smoking behavior and health effects of smoking observed in their parents as well as concerns about potential health risks to themselves deterred them from smoking. Concerns about the adverse consequences of smoking was the most influential factor influencing smoking cessation and reduction of cigarette smoking. Friends' and family's encouragement to stop smoking was the most influential external factor motivating nurses to quit or reduce cigarette consumption. Fifty-seven percent of the former smokers quit smoking after one or two attempts while 53 of the current smokers had tried to quit 3 or more times - 90% had tried at least once to quit smoking; however, only 18% of the current smokers had abstained for more than one year during any of their attempts to quit. Implications of the results include: (1) smoking cessation programs for nurses in the workplace may have considerable impact since the majority of nurses who smoke are tying to quit; (2) relapse prevention strategies need to be an integral part of such smoking cessation programs including involvement of family and friends to support the smokers in their cessation efforts.     

Patient smoking cessation advice by health care providers: the role of ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and health

OBJECTIVES: We assessed differences by ethnicity in ever receiving advice from providers to quit smoking. We evaluated whether socioeconomic status and health status were moderators of the association. METHODS: We used 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey data, a population-based cross-sectional survey. RESULTS: After adjusting for complex survey design, 69% of the 14089 current smokers reported ever being advised to quit by a provider. Hispanics (50%) and African Americans (61%) reported receiving smoking counseling less frequently compared with Whites (72%, P<.01 for each). Ethnic minority status, lower education, and poorer health status remained significantly associated with lower rates of advice to quit after adjustment for number of cigarettes, time from last provider visit, income, comorbidities, health insurance, gender, and age. Smoking counseling differences between African Americans and Whites were greater among those with lower income and those without health insurance. Compared with Whites, differences for both Hispanics and African Americans were also greater among those with lower education. CONCLUSION: We found lower rates of smoking cessation advice among ethnic minorities. However, we also found complex interactions of ethnicity with socioeconomic factors.