溃疡性结肠炎临床特征分析及其处理对策评价

目的通过分析溃疡性结肠炎（UC）住院患者的临床特征并随访其预后,以评价目前溃疡性结肠炎的处理对策。方法收集2002年～2007年我院住院的溃疡性结肠炎患者,并对其病情、随访治疗和预后进行评估。结果共纳人溃疡性结肠炎患者64例,男女比例为1．56：1,年龄14～71岁,平均年龄（40±17）岁。消化系统表现以腹泻最多（95．3％）,其次为便血（84．4％）和腹痛（76．6％）,全身表现以发热（92．2％）多见。病变累及全结肠者占50．8％,重度活动期患者占82．8％。治疗药物主要为单纯氨基水杨酸制剂（67．2％）和氨基水杨酸制剂联合糖皮质激素（28．1％）。经内科治疗后完全缓解者占26．6％,有效者占71．9％。50％患者治疗后复发。结论本组溃疡性结肠炎以全结肠病变和重度活动期患者居多,肠外表现少,并发症少,癌变率较低,绝大多数患者经氨基水杨酸制剂和糖皮质激素治疗后可取得较好疗效,但复发率较高。     

溃疡性结肠炎治疗的现状及其存在问题探讨

1现在对传统治疗药物的评价和应用 1．1氨基水杨酸类药物及激素这两类药物在溃疡性结肠炎（UC）治疗中仍具核心的主力地位。对于轻～中度UC，无论诱导缓解或维持缓解，氨基水杨酸类药物效果肯定、安全、耐受性良好，现仍为首选的一线药物。有资料分析表明，对远端UC，局部给予氨基水杨酸（5-ASA）是最佳方法，效果较口服为佳。不含磺胺的新型5-ASA（美沙拉嗪、奥沙拉嗪、Balsalazide）较之柳氮磺胺吡啶（SASP）更易被耐受，     

免疫抑制剂在溃疡性结肠炎中的运用

氨基水杨酸类和皮质激素类药物能有效控制多数溃疡性结肠炎（UC）患者的病情,但研究显示约16％的病例对皮质激素的治疗反映不佳,22％对激素依赖。对于上述患者可采用免疫抑制剂治疗,如硫唑嘌呤（AZA）／6-巯基嘌呤（6-MP）和环孢素。它们在UC中的应用价值近年已得到肯定：AZA／6-MP可增强激素的疗效,减少激素依赖患者激素的用量,而静脉注射环孢素主要用于激素无效的重度UC患者。     

487例溃疡性结肠炎住院患者临床特征分析

[目的]回顾性调查沈阳军区总医院住院溃疡性结肠炎（UC）患者,分析近年住院UC患者的临床特征.[方法]收集2000年1月～2013年12月期间在沈阳军区总医院住院的487例UC患者的临床资料,统计患者的临床特征,内镜及病理特点,治疗及预后情况.[结果]近14年该院UC住院患者呈上升趋势,发病高峰年龄20～40岁.临床症状主要有腹泻（91.03％）、血便（71.08％）、腹痛（75.34％）等,肠外表现（3.49％）及并发症（6.57％）少见.病情以中度（32.65％）、重度（37.44％）为主.病变范围以广泛型或全结肠型（37.22％）为主,临床类型以慢性复发型（40.14％）、初发型（37.41％）为主.中医证型以湿热内蕴型（44.78％）、脾胃气虚型（25.59％）为主.治疗上以西医（86.65％）为主,氨基水杨酸类药物（86.02％）和糖皮质激素（86.02％）、中药（52.36％）广泛使用.单纯内科治疗总有效率达89.22％,手术率1.02％,死亡3例（0.65％）.[结论]近年来该院UC患者呈增加趋势,病程较短,以中、重度为主,慢性复发型及初发型多见,肠外表现及并发症少.中医证型以湿热内蕴型、脾胃气虚型多见.内科保守治疗效果较好,手术病例少,死亡率低.     

40例克罗恩病分析

背景：近年我国克罗恩病（CD）的发病率逐年上升，但对CD临床特点的认识尚有限。目的：回顾性分析CD的临床特点和诊治情况。方法：收集安徽医科大学第一附属医院1995～2005年的CD住院病例，按照维也纳分类标准进行临床分类，按照中华医学会消化病学分会的建议进行临床严重度分度。结果：共纳入40例CD患者，男女比例为1．22：1，诊断时年龄16～65岁。根据维也纳分类标准，诊断时年龄〈40岁（A1）者28例（70．0％），≥40岁（A2）者12例（30．0％）；病变部位位于末端回肠（L1）者15例（37．5％），结肠（L2）11例（27．5％），回结肠（L3）11例（27．5％），上消化道（L4）3例（7．5％）；无狭窄、穿孔（B1）16例（40．0％），发生狭窄（B2）10例（25．0％），发生穿孔（B3）14例（35．0％）。A1型中病变位于末端回肠者占42．9％，A2型中病变位于结肠者占41．7％。L1型狭窄发生率明显高于L2型（40．0％对18．2％），穿孔发生率明显低于L2型（26．7％对45．4％）。参考简化CD活动指数（CDA1）评分，轻度6例（15．0％），中度20例（50．0％），重度14例（35．0％），回结肠受累者重度患者占63．6％。结肠镜表现为黏膜充血水肿、糜烂、溃疡以及结节状增生、假息肉、肠腔狭窄等。活检标本的非干酪样肉芽肿检出率为42．1％，手术标本为61．9％。共21例患者接受手术诊治，手术率为52．5％。内科治疗轻度患者以口服柳氮磺胺吡啶（SASP）/5-氨基水杨酸（5-ASA）为主；中度患者小肠受累者以激素治疗为主，结肠受累者以口服SASP／5-ASA为主；重度患者以激素治疗为主，2例使用免疫抑制剂治疗。结论：维也纳分类标准简单、易行，适用于我国CD人群的分类。本组CD患者手术率高。应根据临床严重度和病变部位选择药物治疗方案。     

氨基水杨酸在家兔及溃疡性结肠炎病人的药代学研究

本研究建立了4氨基水杨酸（4ASA）和5氨基水杨酸（SASA）的体内血药浓度的高效液相色谱（HPLC）检测方法，对家兔及溃疡性结肠炎（UC）病人的药代学进行了研究，以期为该类药物的新药开发、剂型改革以及临床上合理用药提供可靠依据．材料与方法一、实验对象动物：纯种日本大耳朵家兔16只，雌雄各半，体重1．0～ZJ过g．分为4ASA、SASA灌胃组与灌肠组，各组4只，按50mg／切给药．采血时间分别为给药后0．33、0．67、1、2、4、6、8、和10／J、时取静脉血1ml，离心分离血浆。病人：3例轻度UC活动期住院病人，男性2例，女性1例，年龄分…     

溃疡性结肠炎临床严重度分型与内镜、病理分级的关系

目的研究溃疡性结肠炎（UC）的临床严重度分型与病变范围及内镜、病理分级的关系。方法收集本院1998年1月至2007年10月住院确诊的UC患者，采用分级的方法描述UC的临床严重程度及内镜、病理组织学特点。运用Spearman等级相关系数进行相关分析。结果轻度UC（112例）病变范围多见于直肠及左侧结肠，中度UC（56例）以左侧结肠炎及广泛性结肠炎为主，重度UC（18例）以广泛性结肠炎为主（X^2=26．079，P〈0．01）；患者临床严重度分级与病理组织学分级（r=0．520，P=0．000）、内镜分级（r=0．169，P=0．012）均呈正相关性；在临床完全缓解的88例中，肠镜及组织学分级为0级分别仅有21、24例，临床完全缓解和结肠镜分级为0级的21例中，10例组织学仍有Ⅰ级的改变。结论UC患者病变范围、内镜分级及活检黏膜的病理组织学分级能反映UC的活动性和严重性．在疗效评价中．组织学分级优于肠镜分级．肠镜分级优于临床分级。     

溃疡性结肠炎相关肿瘤3例诊疗报道并文献复习

目的探讨溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis, UC)相关肿瘤的临床特点、诊治、预后。方法对3例UC相关肿瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析并复习相关文献。结果 3例UC相关肿瘤患者病程均超过10年;肠镜提示肿瘤性病变均为息肉样病变;2例为广泛结肠型结肠炎,1例为左半结肠型结肠炎;病理1例提示癌,2例活检组织提示中-度和重度异型增生;异型增生患者内镜下切除后经规范5-氨基水杨酸(5-aminosailcylic acid, 5-ASA)治疗及内镜下监测,病变处于黏膜愈合;1例癌变患者因未及时治疗,后期出现肿瘤多处转移。结论 UC相关肿瘤患者病程长,多见于广泛结肠受累的患者,以息肉样病变为主的肿瘤性病变可以内镜下切除,辅以规范治疗及监测,预后较好。     

溃疡性结肠炎的肠外表现

目的：分析溃疡性结肠炎（UC）伴随的肠外表现,探讨其与病变部位和疾病程度之间的关系。方法：采用χ^2检验方法对392例UC患者进行回顾性分析。结果：392例UC患者中,82例（20．9％）有肠外表现,其中34例（8．7％）有1种以上肠外表现;全结肠型与左半结肠型UC患者肠外表现的发生率均较单纯直肠型者增高（P＜0．05）,其中全结肠型的发生率最高,左半结肠型次之,单纯直肠型最低,呈递减趋势,但前二者间差异无显著性（P＞0．05）;各种常见肠外表现的发生率在重度UC患者较轻度明显升高（P＜0．05）,从轻度、中度到重度呈递增趋势;除强直肠脊柱脊、原发性硬化性胆管炎等外,多数肠外表现的发生与UC活动性密切相关,经氨基水杨酸类和（或）皮质类固醇治疗后消失。结论：UC患者肠外表现发生率较高,累及的部位依次为关节、肝胆、皮肤、口腔和眼睛。UC肠外表现的发生与病变部位和炎症程度密切相关。多数肠外表现与UC活动性相关,但与UC预后无明显关系。     

炎症性肠病Montreal分类的应用

目的探讨克罗恩病（CD）和溃疡性结肠炎（UC）患者的临床表现特点。方法回顾我院110例住院CD、UC患者的临床表现,按照Montreal标准进行分类并统计分析其特点。结果110例CD患者中诊断年龄小于16岁者较少（3．6％）,17～40岁者最多（65．5％）,后者中回肠结肠同时累及者所占比例最高（37.3％）,诊断年龄大于40岁组以回肠累及者稍多（14.5％）,各年龄组的累及部位总体差异无统计学意义（P=0．054）;各组穿透者均少（5.3％）,狭窄者最多（50.4％）,各诊断年龄组狭窄和穿透的发生趋势相似（P=0．984）;结肠累及组狭窄者少,回肠累及组与回肠结肠同时累及组狭窄者均多,但总体差异无统计学意义（P=0.096）。110例UC患者中初发型未治疗者34例,其余为已治疗过或复发者。各累及范围组均以轻中度为主,达到重度的仅7例,均在广泛结肠组,总体差异无统计学意义（P=0．056）。结论CD患者诊断年龄在17～40岁者最多,穿透发生率低,易发生狭窄,狭窄部位主要在回肠;UC患者以轻中度为主,即使广泛结肠累及也是轻度多,重度少,临床表现的严重程度和结肠镜下所见累及范围没有一致性。     

Aminosalicylate therapy in the prevention of dysplasia and colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Aminosalicylates have been suggested as chemopreventive agents for colorectal cancer (CRC) in ulcerative colitis (UC). We studied the effect of aminosalicylate use on dysplasia and CRC risk in chronic UC. METHODS: UC patients with dysplasia or CRC were matched with controls by disease duration, extent, and age at diagnosis. The total amount of aminosalicylates over the duration of the disease and the mean daily amount of drug was calculated. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine the relationship of aminosalicylates to the risk of neoplasia; potential confounders were controlled in a multivariable model. RESULTS: Twenty-six cases (8 CRC, 18 dysplasia) were matched with 96 controls. Cases and controls were similar in age (median, 43 vs 42.5 y), age at diagnosis of UC (median, 29.5 vs 30.5 y), duration of UC (median, 11.5 vs 9 y), and extent of disease (58% pancolitis), sex, family history of UC, history of primary sclerosing cholangitis, and smoking history. Cases were more likely to have a family history of CRC than controls (27% of cases, 9% of controls, P = .036). Conditional logistic regression adjusted for disease duration, age at diagnosis, and family history of CRC showed that aminosalicylate use of 1.2 g/day or more was associated with a 72% reduction in the odds of dysplasia/CRC (odds ratio, 0.28; 95% confidence interval, 0.09-0.85). As the total dose of aminosalicylates increased, the odds of dysplasia/CRC decreased (P = .056). CONCLUSIONS: This case-control study shows a significant risk reduction of dysplasia and CRC in UC patients exposed to aminosalicylate therapy.     

Clinical epidemiology of ulcerative colitis in Arabs based on the Montréal classification

AIM: To determine the clinical, epidemiological and phenotypic characteristics of ulcerative colitis (UC) in Saudi Arabia by studying the largest cohort of Arab UC patients.METHODS: Data from UC patients attending gastroenterology clinics in four tertiary care centers in three cities between September 2009 and September 2013 were entered into a validated web-based registry, inflammatory bowel disease information system (IBDIS). The IBDIS database covers numerous aspects of inflammatory bowel disease. Patient characteristics, disease phenotype and behavior, age at diagnosis, course of the disease, and extraintestinal manifestations were recorded.RESULTS: Among 394 UC patients, males comprised 51.0% and females 49.0%. According to the Montréal classification of age, the major chunk of our patients belonged to the A2 category for age of diagnosis at 17-40 years (68.4%), while 24.2% belonged to the A3 category for age of diagnosis at > 40 years. According to the same classification, a majority of patients had extensive UC (42.7%), 35.3% had left-sided colitis and 29.2% had only proctitis. Moreover, 51.3% were in remission, 16.6% had mild UC, 23.4% had moderate UC and 8.6% had severe UC. Frequent relapse occurred in 17.4% patients, infrequent relapse in 77% and 4.8% had chronic disease. A majority (85.2%) of patients was steroid responsive. With regard to extraintestinal manifestations, arthritis was present in 16.4%, osteopenia in 31.4%, osteoporosis in 17.1% and cutaneous involvement in 7.0%.CONCLUSION: The majority of UC cases were young people (17-40 years), with a male preponderance. While the disease course was found to be similar to that reported in Western countries, more similarities were found with Asian countries with regards to the extent of the disease and response to steroid therapy.     

中国溃疡性结肠炎10218例的特点

目的分析中国溃疡性结肠炎患者的特点.方法对从1981年到2000年20年间中国医学文献报告及我院确诊的1021 8例患者进行分析结果①病例数目20年间,中国医学文献报告及我院确诊的患者共10218例,其中最近10年报告的病例数目是前10年3.8倍.②病变范围直肠乙状结肠炎和直肠炎占70.20%,左半结肠炎占22.50%,广泛性或全结肠炎占7.30%.③病变类型初发型34.8%,慢性反复发作型52.6%,慢性持续性10.7%,急性暴发性1.9%.④病程75.5%患者小于5年,15.5%患者在5年和10年之间,只有9.1%患者大于10年.⑤肠外表现6.1%患者有肠外表现.⑥年龄发病的平均年龄是40.7岁(范围从6岁～80岁,高峰年龄段是30岁～49岁).⑦性别男女比是1.09.⑧吸烟病情严重程度和吸烟之间无负相关(P＞0.05),⑨家族遗传性270例患者中有4例有家族史.⑩治疗单纯采用西药(氨基水杨酸类或/和皮质激素)治疗的占18.6%,单纯采用中医治疗的占20.1%,采用中西医结合治疗的占59.1%,手术1.3%,其他治疗占0.9%.结论中国溃疡性结肠炎的病例数目在过去10年中显著增加,病变主要以左半结肠为主,病程短,肠外表现少见,发病年龄相对较大,男女比例数目大致相等,家族遗传少见,吸烟与病情轻重之间无显著相关,中医药治疗在中国广泛应用.     

Granulocytapheresis is useful as an alternative therapy in patients with steroid-refractory or -dependent ulcerative colitis

BACKGROUND: Recently, granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis (GCAP) has been shown to be safe and effective for active ulcerative colitis (UC). We analyzed the safety and efficacy of GCAP (G-1 Adacolumn) in patients with steroid-refractory and -dependent UC. G-1 Adacolumn is filled with cellulose acetate carriers that selectively adsorb granulocytes and monocytes/macrophages. METHODS: Forty-four patients with UC were treated with GCAP. These patients received 5 apheresis sessions over 4 weeks. Twenty patients had steroid-refractory UC (group 1) and 10 had steroid-dependent UC (group 2). Fourteen patients who did not want readministration of steroids were treated with GCAP at the time of relapse, just after discontinuation of steroid therapy (group 3). RESULTS: Of 44 patients treated with GCAP, 24 (55%) obtained remission (CAI < or = 4), 9 (20%) showed a clinical response, and 11 (25%) remained unchanged. Only 2 of 10 patients (20%) with severe steroid-refractory UC (CAI > or = 12) achieved remission, whereas 7 of 10 patients (70%) with moderate steroid-refractory UC achieved remission (p < 0.05). The dose of corticosteroids was tapered in 9 of 10 (90%) patients with steroid-dependent UC after GCAP therapy. Twelve (86%) of 14 patients in group 3 showed an improvement in symptoms and could avoid re-administration of steroids after GCAP. No severe adverse effects occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that GCAP may be a useful alternative therapy for patients with moderate steroid-refractory or -dependent UC, although cyclosporin A or colectomy is necessary in patients with severe UC. GCAP may also be useful for avoiding re-administration of steroids at the time of relapse. Randomized, controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm these findings.     

溃疡性结肠炎住院患者525例临床特征分析

目的 探讨近16年解放军总医院溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的临床特征的变化特点.方法 总结分析解放军总医院1994至2009年期间确诊并住院治疗的UC患者的临床资料.结果 自1994-2009年共有525例患者诊断为UC,中位发病年龄42岁.在发病部位中,12.4%(65/525)为直肠,25.7%(135/525)为直乙状结...     

3100例溃疡性结肠炎住院病例回顾分析

目的 回顾性调查住院溃疡性结肠炎（UC）患者,探讨近年住院病例UC的特点.方法全国选取11个地区23家医院,调查1990-2003年期间住院符合UC诊断的3100例患者的诊断、治疗、逐年住院情况和同期内镜检出率,并粗略估计患病率.结果 近14年UC住院例数和内镜检出例数均有逐年增加的趋势.UC粗略患病率为11.62/105.住院UC患者以轻度（35.4%）和中度（42.9%）为主.临床类型以慢性复发型（46%）和初发型（34.6%）为主,暴发型仅占2.4%.主要症状有腹泻（75.8%）、腹痛（67.3%）、血便（63.3%）等.肠外表现（14.0%）和并发症（9.6%）少见.辅助确诊手段主要为结肠镜（95.0%）及病理（62.3%）.UC治疗上以氨基水杨酸类（66.8%）和类固醇激素（42.8%）为主.仅2.1%患者应用免疫抑制剂.单纯内科治疗总有效率达93.6%,手术率3%,死亡19例（0.6%）.结论 UC近年有逐渐增加的趋势,以轻中度为主,疾病类型以慢性复发型和初发型为主,暴发型少见.肠外表现及并发症较少.国内轻中度患者治疗以柳氮磺胺吡啶及类固醇激素为主,手术率、死亡率及癌变率均较国外低.     

溃疡性结肠炎360例临床特征分析

近年溃疡性结肠炎（UC）的发病率明显升高,明确临床特征有助于其诊断。目的：探讨UC的临床特征。方法：收集2008年7月-2011年7月西京医院收治并确诊的活动期UC患者的临床资料,回顾性分析其临床特征。结果：共收治活动期UC患者360例,男女之比1．25：1;平均就诊年龄40．5岁。疾病严重程度以轻中度UC多见（84．4％）。病变累及以左半结肠和直肠、乙状结肠多见;18例病变呈节段性分布,其余均为连续分布。本组患者以腹泻、黏液脓血便、腹痛为主要临床表现,内镜下黏膜弥漫性充血、水肿、糜烂和溃疡,44例伴有肠外表现。多数患者的白细胞、ESR和CRP水平增高。52例患者合并并发症。349例患者接受内科治疗,病情明显缓解。结论：UC患者以中青年男性多见,内镜下病变以左半结肠和直肠、乙状结肠多见,常见并发症为结肠假性息肉。UC确诊主要根据临床表现、结肠镜检查、病理学检查,其中结肠镜检查可明确病变部位、范围、程度以及肠腔有无狭窄或癌变,有助于临床病情分期,对指导临床治疗方案的选择具有重要意义。     

Predictors of a response to cyclosporine or leukocyte removal therapy in patients with refractory ulcerative colitis

Introduction: Despite decades of clinical experience in optimizing the induction and maintenance of remission in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), some patients remain refractory to conventional medical treatment while, in others, the effectiveness of drugs is limited by side‐effects. We investigated factors predictive of the efficacy of cyclosporine and leukocyte removal therapy in patients with intractable UC. Methods: Forty‐five patients with moderate to severe UC who were refractory to corticosteroid therapy were enrolled. Twenty‐six patients were treated with cyclosporine and 19 by leukocyte removal therapy. Disease activity index (DAI) score assessment, and colonoscopic and histological examinations were done before and at 10, 20 and 40 days after the initiation of treatment. A clinical response to treatment was defined as a decrease in DAI score of 3 points or more at 40 days. Results: Responder ratio did not significantly differ between the cyclosporine (65.6%) and leukocyte removal therapy (63.2%) groups. Factors predictive of a response to cyclosporine therapy were fever (≥ 38.0°C), anemia and large mucosal ulceration. In contrast, mucosal bleeding and poor extensibility of the intestinal lumen were predictive of a poor response to cyclosporine. No significant differences in any clinical or endoscopic parameter predictive of a response to leukocyte removal therapy were identified. Conclusions: Intravenous cyclosporine may be effective in patients who have severe steroid‐refractory UC, and leukocyte removal therapy may be useful in patients with moderate active UC predicted to be refractive to cyclosporine.