UV改性人工心瓣材料的生物相容性研究

通过体内实验的方法 ,应用酶组织化学技术对 U V改性后心瓣材料涤纶 (Dacron)和未改性的材料周围组织中的碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶和辅酶 I黄递酶活性进行测定 ,评价改性后材料的生物相容性。结果表明两种材料周围组织中几种酶的活性无差异 ,表明改性后材料仍具有优良的生物相容性     

大鼠骨骼肌细胞异柠檬酸脱氢酶和琥珀酸脱氢酶活性在不同训练负荷时的变化

背景：异柠檬酸脱氢酶和琥珀酸脱氢酶是糖有氧氧化过程中的关键酶,不同训练方式和训练时间对骨骼肌异柠檬酸脱氢酶和琥珀酸脱氢酶活性影响的报道较少。 目的：探讨不同训练负荷条件对大鼠骨骼肌异柠檬酸脱氢酶和琥珀酸脱氢酶活性的影响。 方法：参照BEDFORD TG标准,建立大鼠有氧、无氧和有氧无氧交替运动跑台训练模型,正常饲养的大鼠作为对照。训练结束后,紫外分光光度计检测大鼠骨骼肌异柠檬酸脱氢酶和琥珀酸脱氢酶的活性。 结果与结论：有氧运动4,6周,大鼠骨骼肌异柠檬酸脱氢酶和琥珀酸脱氢酶活性均明显升高(P < 0.05);交替运动2周,异柠檬酸脱氢酶和琥珀酸脱氢酶活性增加(P < 0.05),运动至4,6周时,两种酶活性均下降(P < 0.05);而无氧运动对异柠檬酸脱氢酶和琥珀酸脱氢酶活性无影响。结果提示：长期的有氧运动和短时间的有氧无氧交替运动有利于提升骨骼肌异柠檬酸脱氢酶和琥珀酸脱氢酶的活性。     

实验性糖尿病大鼠巨噬细胞内酶活性及吞噬功能的研究

目的 研究实验性糖尿病大鼠巨噬细胞内酶活性及其吞噬功能。方法 用四氧嘧啶腹腔注射复制ＳＤ大鼠糖尿病动物模型,测定大鼠肺泡及腹腔巨噬细胞内酸性磷酸酶,精氨酸酶,乳酸脱氢酶及异柠檬酸脱氢酶的活性并测定腹腔及肺泡巨噬细胞对中性红的吞噬能力。结果糖尿病大鼠肺泡及腹腔巨噬细胞内４种酶性均高于对照组,其对中性红的吞噬能力也大于对照组。结论 糖尿病时巨噬细胞处于激活状态,此激活的巨噬细胞可能参与糖尿病并发症之     

糖尿病大鼠膈肌功能和形态学变化

目的:观察四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病4周大鼠膈肌收缩功能和形态结构的改变。方法:应用体外大鼠膈肌肌条,对其单收缩动力学、最大强直张力(P₀)、张力-频率曲线、疲劳指数(FI)的变化以及应用H.E、Heidenhain铁矾苏木素法和标准脱氢酶染色法对膈肌组织的形态学变化进行观察。结果:糖尿病大鼠膈肌最大颤搐张力(Pt)、收缩时间(CT)、半舒张时间(RT_1/2)及FI均明显低于对照组,而两组P₀无明显变化。予25、50、75、100、125Hz频率刺激膈肌时,糖尿病大鼠膈肌张力明显低于对照组。在膈肌疲劳后予氨茶碱浸浴膈肌,再予25、50、75、100和125Hz频率分别刺激膈肌,糖尿病大鼠膈肌张力均明显低于对照组。H.E及Heidenhain法染色可见糖尿病大鼠膈肌萎缩,肌横纹模糊。标准脱氢酶染色法显示糖尿病大鼠膈肌α-甘油磷酸脱氢酶呈弱阳性,光密度明显低于对照组(P＜0.01)。结论:糖尿病4周大鼠膈肌出现收缩功能减弱、易疲劳和结构破坏。     

实验性脾虚证大鼠肝细胞组织化学变化的研究

用成年雄性大鼠Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠４２只,分为正常对照组（对照组）实验性脾虚组（脾虚组）自然恢复组和中药治疗组（治疗组）四组动物同时麻醉处死,取肝右叶小块组织,制石蜡和恒冷箱切片,进行核糖核酸,糖原,琥珀酸脱氢酶乳酸脱氢酶,葡萄糖６－磷酸酶,酸性磷酸酶和非特异性酶组织化学反应,光镜观察,并对琥珀酸脱氢酶和葡萄糖－６－磷酸酶作了显微分光光度计定量测定。结果证明,脾虚组琥珀酸脱氢酸氢酶,和葡萄糖－６－磷酸     

酒精对大鼠胚胎肝脏酶活性影响的组织化学观察

本文采用酶组织化学方法,研究和观察了酒精对大鼠胚胎肝细胞酶活性的影响。实验结果显示：实验组大鼠胚胎肝细胞琥珀酸脱氢酶（ＳＤＨ）和葡萄糖－６－磷酸酶（Ｇ－６－Ｐ）活性减弱,乳酸脱氢酶（ＬＤＨ）和酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ）活性有所增强。经统计学处理,实验组和对照组两组酶活性有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）,表明酒精能明显影响胚胎肝细胞的正常代谢功能。     

银杏叶提取物对糖尿病大鼠膈肌的保护作用

目的:研究银杏叶提取物(EGb)对糖尿病大鼠膈肌的保护作用。方法: 用光镜和透射电镜观察EGb对糖尿病大鼠膈肌的形态学改变,并测定膈肌线粒体琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)的活性,一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量。结果:糖尿病大鼠膈肌线粒体SDH、SOD活性下降,NOS活性及MDA、NO含量增高;电镜下主要表现为膈肌线粒体扩张,嵴变短,空泡化。EGb治疗组病变明显减轻。与糖尿病组比较,膈肌线粒体SDH、SOD活性升高,NOS活性及NO、MDA含量下降。结论: EGb通过减轻自由基和过量一氧化氮对膈肌线粒体造成损伤,提高SDH活性,改善线粒体呼吸链的功能,从而对糖尿病大鼠膈肌起到保护作用。     

高血压大鼠视网膜酶组织化学的研究

为探讨糖和能量代谢酶在高血压视网膜病变发生过程中的作用，应用光镜定量酶组织化学方法对ＷＫＹ大鼠和自发性高血压大鼠视网膜的琥珀酸脱氢酶、乳酸脱氢酶、葡萄糖－６－磷酸酶和三磷酸腺苷酶的分布和活性进行了定量观察。结果表明：琥珀酸脱氢酶和三磷酸腺苷酶在视网膜组织中主要分布杆锥层内节，而乳酸脱氢酶和葡萄糖－６－磷酸酶主要分布在视网膜的内核层、内网层、节细胞层和神经纤维层。在高血压大鼠视网膜组织内琥珀酸脱氢酶     

氧反常心肌线粒体呼吸功能变化及丹参酮Ⅱ_A磺酸钠的影响

健康雄性新西兰家兔28只,随机分为四组:正常对照组,缺氧组、氧反常组、DS-201氧反常组。离体心脏灌流造成心肌缺氧、氧反常模型。分离心肌线粒体,分光光度法测定线粒体内膜呼吸酶——琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)和细胞色素氧化酶(CCO)活力;氧电极法测定线粒体呼吸耗氧量,呼吸底物分别采用谷氨酸加苹果酸或琥珀酸。     

补肾助阳药对甲减大鼠肝细胞结构和组织化学变化的影响

本实验以40 mg%他巴唑水溶液造成大鼠甲减,观察龟龄集和右归丸对甲减大鼠肝细胞结构和组织化学变化的作用。结果表明:龟龄集和右归丸均能使甲减大鼠肝细胞变性范围减小、程度减轻,使肝细胞的RNA含量明显增加,5′-核苷酸酶、葡萄糖6磷酸脱氢酶、细胞色素氧化酶活性明显增加,使琥珀酸脱氢酶活性降低。提示补肾助阳药对于甲减大鼠肝脏有一定的保护作用,其作用可能是通过调节核酸代谢、有效地产生能量而实现的。     

Effect of Nilzan and albendazole on the absorptive surfaces of Haemonchus contortus (Nematoda)--a histoenzymic study

Haemonchus contortus, incubated in 10 micrograms/ml and 50 micrograms/ml concentrations of Nilzan and albendazole in Tyrode solution were stained for histoenzymatic demonstration of various phosphatases, oxido-reductases and esterases. The intestine showed major alterations after drug treatments. The alkaline phosphatases (AkPase), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), glucose-6-phosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide diaphorase showed a decreased activity in intestine after Nilzan treatment, whereas lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) and monoamine oxidase resisted increased reaction. The albendazole treatment resulted in altered distribution pattern of the AkPase, ATPase, SDH, and GDH; while LDH, G-6-PD, and non-specific esterases exhibited slightly enhanced activity in the epithelium. The functional significance of these changes has been fully discussed.     

大鼠海马CA1区酶组织化学研究

本文用组织化学方法,选择能反映神经组织糖代谢三个途径的关键酸及碱性磷酸酶,对正常SD系大鼠海马酶活性进行半定量研究.结果CA1区锥体层琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)及细胞色素氧化酶(CCO)呈轻度反应,葡萄糖-6一磷酸脱氢酶(G—6—PD)及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)呈强阳性.腔隙分子层LDH、G—6—PD呈轻度活性,CCO、SDH呈强阳性.CA1区锥体层碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性最弱.讨论了酶活性不同与记忆的关系及临床意义.     

L615小鼠血细胞脱氢酶的细胞化学观察

本文采用细胞化学方法,显示了六种脱氢酶。观察了30例615小鼠和L_(615)小鼠血细胞中的反应特点及活性变化。粒细胞在pH7.4时呈阴性反应,淋巴细胞和白血病细胞阳性。我们以积分值做指标,对615小鼠淋巴细胞与L_(615)小鼠白血病细胞、淋巴细胞进行了组间显著性检验,均有显著性或非显著性差别。这个结果提示L_(615)小鼠白血病细胞和淋巴细胞的能量代谢发生了异常变化。强于正常机体的淋巴细胞。     

Biochemical changes associated with the fatty liver syndrome in cows

There were significant changes in enzyme activities and concentrations of metabolites in the blood and liver of cows with fatty livers when compared to normal cows. Blood and liver samples were taken from cows at the abattoir immediately after slaughter. The liver was checked for pathological signs and the samples were divided according to the degree of fatty changes. Three groups were studied: controls showing no gross pathological signs, mild fatty infiltration and severe infiltration. In cows with fatty liver, there were significant increases in the serum activities of isocitric dehydrogenase (ICDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), glutamic dehydrogenase (GLDH), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), malic dehydrogenase (MDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP). In the fatty liver, the activities of the enzymes, ICDH, G6PDH, LDH, MDH, ALP and malic enzyme (ME) were significantly higher, while sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) was significantly lower. While serum total lipid decreased, the opposite was seen in the liver with higher lipid content, mainly due to triglycerides and cholesterol esters. The significant increases in the NADPH generating enzymes ME, ICDH, G6PDH and MDH, which are required for fatty acid synthesis, suggest that the lipids accumulated in the liver are not only of extrahepatic origin, mobilized into the liver, but also arise from increased lipid synthesis in the liver which is induced during the laying down of fat in the liver. Measurement of the serum NADPH generating enzymes may serve as a useful biochemical test specific for fatty liver in cows.     

The influence of stagnant hypoxia on the activity of some dehydrogenases and aminotransferases in the brain of rats during ontogenesis

Ligation of both common carotid arteries produces stagnant hypoxia (oligemia) in the brains of rats. The character and the intensity of the hypoxic metabolic changes depend directly on the developmental maturity of the nerve tissue, which is also true of the activity of the enzymes, LDH, aldolase, SDH, MDH, G-6-PDH, GDH, GPT, and GOT. In the 5-day-old rat after 4 hr of oligemia, enzyme activity either did not change or increased. In the 12-day-old rat the activity of LDH, MDH, and GPT increased and the activity of GDH, aldolase, and G-6-PDH decreased. At the age of 25 days and in adulthood, the activity of SDH, MDH, aldolase, and GOT decreased. The changes in enzyme activity are related to changes in proteosynthesis and appear to support the concept of a “metabolic adaptive reaction” of the immature nervous system in response to changes of the inner milieu.     

Biochemical changes associated with fatty liver in geese

Studying biochemical changes in the blood and liver of geese during cramming showed significant increases in the liver enzymes: malic dehydrogenase (MDH), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and malic enzyme (ME), and a decrease in alkaline phosphatase (ALP). No significant changes were seen in the activity of isocitric dehydrogenase (ICDH), and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH). There were significant increases in serum ME, ICDH, LDH, MDH, AST, acid phosphatase (ACP), sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), and total lipids and decreases in serum ALP, albumin and the haemocrit. No significant changes were seen in the activity of cholinesterase, glucose, total proteins, globulins and inorganic phosphorus. There were good correlations between liver size and the change of some of the biochemical parameters studied, which may serve as markers for the presence and degree of liver fattening. There were differences between families of gray and white geese and concentrations and activities of the blood constituents paralleled the degree of liver fattening. The possibility of using these parameters as genetic markers is discussed. No correlations were found between the liver and serum biochemical parameters. The effect of transporting the geese from the farm to the slaughter house on the levels of the blood constituents is described.     

Histochemical and enzyme-histochemical studies of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oncomelania hupensis</Emphasis> (Gredler, 1881), the intermediate host of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Schistosoma japonicum</Emphasis>

The distribution of glycogen, DNA and histone, and localization of activity of ten enzymes such as glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase), cytochrome oxidase (CCO), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), 5′-nucleotidase (5′-NT), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), Mg²⁺-adenosine triphosphatase (Mg²⁺-ATPase), and cholinesterase (CHE) in Oncomelania hupensis (Gredler, 1881) snails, the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum, was surveyed using the histochemical and enzyme-histochemical techniques. The results showed that the glycogen with high activity was widely distributed in snails. DNA showed its strongest reaction in testis. The histone was distributed in sites of the radula, parenchyma of penis and ovary. LDH and SDH were widely distributed in snails and all were abundant. Sites of the strongest enzyme activities of G-6-PDH were evident in the reproductive system together with central ganglia. Only the ovary showed a strong enzyme activity of G-6-Pase. Most tissues and organs contained CCO, and the activity of this enzyme was very strong. 5′-NT showed a strong enzyme activity in the ovary and testis. Mg²⁺-ATPase was localized in sites of the liver, stomach and reproductive gland. A strong enzyme activity of ALP appeared in the digestive system. ACP showed a low activity in snails. The central ganglia, nervous stem, liver, branchial duct, epithelia of the head and foot regions showed a very strong enzyme activity of CHE. The findings could provide a theoretical basis for development of highly effective molluscicides with low toxicity to other biota, as well as means for novel snail control strategies.     

Age-related changes of the metabolic profile of rat cerebellar cortex: enzyme histochemical study

The influence of aging on the metabolic profile of cerebellar cortex was studied in young (3-month-old), adult (12-month-old) and aged (26-month-old) male Sprague-Dawley rats using enzyme histochemical techniques. The following enzymatic activities related to energy transduction were examined: lactate-(LDH) and succinate-(SDH) dehydrogenases; NADH2-tetrazolium reductase (NADHD) and alpha-glycerophosphate-dehydrogenase (GPDH). The intensity of enzymatic staining within the neuropil of molecular and granular layers as well as within the cytoplasm of Purkinje neurons of young, adult and aged animals was assessed microphotometrically. In the molecular layer LSH, SDH and NADHD levels were reduced in old rats; GPDH was decreased both in adult and old animals. In Purkinje neurons no age-related changes of the enzymatic activities under study were observed. In the granular layer LDH and GPDH showed an age-dependent loss; SDH and NADHD were unchanged. The possibility that age-related changes of the enzymatic activities under study may be due to impaired energy production mechanisms and/or represent the consequence of reduced energetic needs resulting from the documented age-dependent loss of synapses in the molecular or in the granular layers of cerebellar cortex is discussed.     

Enzyme histochemistry of the choroid plexus in old rats

The influence of ageing on the metabolic profile of lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelial cells from young (3-month-old) and aged (26-month-old) male Wistar rats was studied using enzyme histochemical techniques. The following enzymatic activities related to energy transduction were examined: lactate-(LDH) and succinate- (SDH) dehydrogenases; NADH2-tetrazolium reductase (NADHD) and alpha-glycerophosphate-dehydrogenase (GPDH). The intensity of enzymatic staining within single choroid plexus epithelial cells from young and old animals was assessed microphotometrically. In the choroid plexus epithelial cells of young rats NADHD was the enzymatic activity more heavily stained; cell levels of LHD and GPDH were approximately the same and SDH reactivity was less intense. In old age LDH was reduced by 9.3%, SDH was reduced by 26.1%, NADHD was reduced by 8.6% and GPDH was reduced by 3.6%. The possibility that impaired energy transduction mechanisms at the level of choroid plexus epithelium in old age may influence functional activity of the choroid plexus is discussed.     

Determination of metabolic profiles on single muscle fibres of different types

Summary Single muscle fibres separated from extensor digitorum longus (EDL) as well as soleus (SOL) in the Wistar strain male rat in relaxing solution were typed histochemically, then glycolytic and oxidative enzyme activities were determined on the same fibres. Glycolytic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), phosphofructokinase (PFK), pyruvate kinase (PK) and creatine kinase (CK) showed highest activities in fast-twitch glycolytic (FG), lower in fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic (FOG) and lowest in slow-twitch oxidative (SO) fibres. Also oxidative enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) showed highest activities in SO, lower in FOG and lowest in FG fibres. The activities of LDH, PFK, PK and CK in FOG fibres separated from EDL showed higher activity compared to those separated from SOL, whereas the opposite result was obtained for the activities of SDH and MDH. Enzyme activities in a single muscle fibre type were not distinguishable from those of another type, and the activity profiles overlapped over a considerable range. The correlations among the separate enzyme activities of CK, LDH and MDH obtained from the same single fibre overlapped over a considerable range.