周围型肺癌CT征象与VEGF和iNOS表达相关性研究

目的 研究周围型肺癌CT征象与血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)表达的关系.方法 运用SP免疫组化法对52例经病理证实周围型肺癌的患者进行VEGF和iNOS表达的检测,分析其与术前CT征象的关系.结果 VEGF和iNOS表达与瘤体大小、深分叶征、癌性空洞、胸腔积液、瘤体内钙化、纵隔淋巴结转移有关,与毛刺征、胸膜凹陷征无关.结论 周围型肺癌CT征象中,瘤体直径＞3cm、深分叶征、癌性空洞、胸腔积液、瘤体内钙化、纵隔淋巴结转移提示肿瘤的恶性度高.     

周围型肺癌CT表现及与血清肿瘤标志物CEA的相关性研究

目的：研究周围型肺癌患者CT表现及与血清肿瘤标志物CEA浓度关系。方法选取河北北方学院附属第二医院2012年10月至2014年5月的周围型肺癌患者205例,进行回顾性分析其CT表现及与血清肿瘤标志物CEA资料,对比分析其病理、 CT表现与血清肿瘤标志物 CEA 的关系。结果101例腺癌血清 CEA 浓度为（98．37±0．54）μg／L,54例鳞癌血清CEA浓度为（15．24±0．76）μg／L,50例小细胞肺癌血清CEA浓度为（8．02±0．15）μg／L。腺癌与小细胞肺癌及鳞癌血清CEA浓度差异有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）。有空泡征、纵隔淋巴结肿大、深分叶征、胸膜凹陷征、增强值≥20 Hu及瘤体直径≥3 cm的肺癌,其血清CEA浓度较无空泡征、纵隔淋巴结肿大、深分叶征、增强值≥20 Hu、胸膜凹陷征及瘤体直径≥3 cm的肺癌高（ P ＜0．05）。肺癌有无毛刺征、钙化、毛玻璃征、空洞与血清CEA浓度差异无统计学意义（ P ＞0．05）。结论周围型肺癌的空泡征、纵隔淋巴结肿大、深分叶征、增强值≥20 Hu、胸膜凹陷征及瘤体直径≥3 cm的肺癌与其血清CEA浓度有一定的相关性。     

螺旋CT诊断周围型肺癌与E钙黏蛋白研究

目的 探讨周围型肺癌螺旋CT征象与E钙黏蛋白(E-cad)表达间的关系.方法 对58例周围型肺癌患者行螺旋CT扫描,所有病例均经手术或穿刺病理证实,术后标本采用免疫组织化学SP法检测肿瘤组织中E-cad蛋白表达.将螺旋CT征象与E-cad蛋白表达进行对照.结果 58例周围型肺癌中,螺旋CT判断胸膜侵犯准确率为86.67%,淋巴结转移准确率为88.24%,TNM分期的准确率为81.25%,E-cad异常表达率为55.17%.肺癌的E-cad异常表达与胸膜侵犯、淋巴结转移、肿瘤大小、棘突征明显相关(P＜0.05),而与毛刺征、血管集中征、空洞征、胸膜凹陷征、分叶征无关(P＞0.05).结论 螺旋CT可清晰显示周围型肺癌的各种征象,较准确地反映肿瘤浸润转移的病理学和生物学特性,指导临床选择适当治疗方案和预后的判断.     

周围型肺癌CT诊断及分析

目的 探讨CT对周围型肺癌的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析82例经病理、手术证实的周围型肺癌CT表现。结果 本组82例周围型肺癌病例，CT表现为肺内肿块或结节，形状呈圆形、类圆形肿块或不规则形结节。肿块直径大于3cm者58例，密度大都均匀，小部分瘤体内可见坏死、液化空洞及钙化；边缘呈分叶征、毛刺征、胸膜粘连、胸膜凹陷征等。肿块直径小于3cm者24例，密度不均匀，可见分叶征、空洞征、毛刺征、棘突、细支气管充气征、支气管血管纠集、胸膜凹陷征，以及较少见蜂窝征等。结论 CT能显示周围型肺癌肿块形态、大小、密度及边缘征象等。也能显示肺门、纵隔淋巴结肿大及其它部位肺癌的转移。HRCT史能显示肺癌病变的细微结构。故CT对周围型肺癌的诊断具有重要价值。     

周围型肺癌CT征象及组织病理学类型对照分析

目的对比分析周围型肺癌CT征象与组织病理学类型的关系,以提高周围型肺癌CT诊断水平。方法选取该院2011年1月至2013年8月收治的42例周围型肺癌患者作为临床研究对象,所有患者均经穿刺、病理活检或术后病理确诊。所有患者经CT扫描和病理切片检查,观察患者病灶大小与组织病理学之间的关系、CT征象与组织病理类型之间的关系,以及病灶强化和组织病理类型之间的关系。结果病灶大小和其组织病理学的关系差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;不同组织病理类型病灶的分叶征、毛刺征空泡征、胸膜凹陷征、阻塞性肺炎和纵隔淋巴结转移差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;鳞癌病灶多见分叶征,伴有阻塞性肺炎、胸腔积液;腺癌病灶较多出现毛刺征,并多伴有阻塞性肺炎、胸腔积液和胸膜凹陷征;肺泡癌病灶的空泡征多于其他组织病理类型;不同病理类型病灶平均CT值、增强60 s CT值及CT差值的差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 CT扫描能全面、直观地显示周围型肺癌病灶的基本形态,从而能对周围型肺癌进行诊断,CT征象和组织病理学间的差异有一定关系,因此值得进一步研究并应用到临床诊断工作中。     

周围型肺癌CT征象及病理分型与MMP-9蛋白表达相关性研究

目的探讨周围型肺癌CT征象与MMP-9蛋白表达的关系。方法收集30例周围型肺癌的CT征象、病理及MMP-9免疫组织化学资料。结果30例周围型肺癌中,MMP-9阳性表达18例,阳性率为60％,MMP-9的表达与病理类型无关（P〉0．05）;与病理分级显著相关（P〈0．05）。MMP-9在肿瘤直径〉3cm的表达强度高于肿瘤直径≤3cm者,与肺癌CT征象中深分叶征、棘突征、纵隔淋巴结转移相关（P〈0．05）;与毛刺征、胸膜凹陷征无相关性（P〉0．05）。结论MMP-9的表达与CT征象相关,可以在蛋白表达上判断周围型肺癌的侵袭、转移和预后。     

周围型肺癌 CT 表现及与血清肿瘤标志物CYFRA21-1的相关研究

目的：研究周围型肺癌患者CT表现及与血清肿瘤标志物CYFRA21-1浓度关系。方法选取河北北方学院附属第二医院2012年6月至2013年4月的周围型肺癌患者124例，进行回顾性分析其CT表现及与血清肿瘤标志物CYFRA21-1资料，对比分析其病理、CT表现与血清肿瘤标志物CYFRA21-1的关系。结果腺癌与鳞癌血清CYFRA21-1浓度差异有统计学意义（ P ＜01．05）。5例小细胞肺癌血清CYFRA21-1浓度为（2．041±0．12） ng／ml。有空泡征、深分叶征、毛玻璃征及瘤体直径≥3 cm的肺癌，其血清CYFRA21-1浓度较无空泡征、深分叶征、毛玻璃征及瘤体直径≥3 cm的肺癌高。肺癌有无胸膜凹陷征、毛刺征、增强值≥20 Hu、空洞、纵隔淋巴结肿大与血清CYFRA21-1浓度差异无统计学意义（ P ＞0．05）。结论周围型肺癌的毛玻璃征、深分叶征、空泡征及瘤体直径≥3 cm的肺癌与其血清CYFRA21-1浓度有相关性。     

周围型肺癌的病理类型与CT征象相关性研究

目的探讨周围型肺癌的CT征象与病理组织学类型的相关性。方法收集手术或活检病理证实的肺内孤立性恶性结节72例进行病理、CT征象的对照研究。结果72例恶性结节中,鳞癌30例、腺癌38例、小细胞癌2例,大细胞癌1例,类癌1例。鳞癌中直径大于3cm者23例,有坏死14例,空洞5例,深分叶14例,毛刺征9例,胸膜凹陷征11例,血管支气管集束征14例,周围结构浸润12例,肺门纵隔淋巴结肿大6例,肺内外转移6例。腺癌中直径大于3cm者12例,有坏死4例,深分叶23例,毛刺征20例,胸膜凹陷征15例,血管支气管集束征21例,周围结构浸润8例,肺门纵隔淋巴结肿大8例,肺内外转移2例。结论肿瘤的大小、坏死、空洞、毛刺征和血管支气管集束征有助于对周围型肺癌组织类型的推断。     

孤立性外围型肺癌200例的CT分析

本文分析了200例外围型肺癌的CT所见,总结其有价值的征象为:①分叶征(66％):②棘状突起(34％);③毛刺征(37％);④含气支气管征或小泡征(5％);⑤灶内钙化(3％),⑥空洞(4％);⑦胸膜凹陷征(15％)⑧肺门及纵隔淋巴结转移征(64％)。结合文献讨论了外围型肺癌的CT表现,早期诊断及鉴别诊断等问题。     

104例周围型肺癌患者CT检查分析

目的：探讨周围型肺癌影像表现,提高对周围型肺癌的认识和鉴别诊断的能力。方法：回顾性分析本院2008年6月～2009年8月经手术病理证实的104例周围型肺癌患者的CT表现。结果：本组患者螺旋高分辨CT征象的表现主要有肿瘤病灶大小、形状、密度、分叶征、毛刺征、胸膜凹陷征、肺门纵隔淋巴结转移等。结论：周围型肺癌的螺旋CT表现对临床具有重要诊断价值。     

Degraded and undegraded carrageenans and experimental gastric and duodenal ulceration

The prevention of histamine-induced gastric and duodenal ulceration in the guinea-pig has been examined using a series of undegraded and degraded carrageenans. Undegraded carrageenans were active at lower doses than degraded carrageenans. The high viscosity of the undegraded carrageenans in solution prevented their use in larger doses. Degradation of carrageenan without serious loss of sulphate, gives a product which allows the dose to be increased to an extent that its effect more than offsets the slight loss in activity caused by the degradation. No single feature of carrageenan structure can be related to anti-ulcer activity although degradation, and hence reduction of molecular size, generally reduces activity. Sulphate contents over 30% have little apparent effect on activity; κ-carrageenans were not consistently different in anti-ulcer activity from Λ-carrageenans. This contrasts with the antipeptic activity of carrageenans where κ-carrageenans are less active than their Λ-counter-parts. As with antipeptic activity, the degree of anti-ulcer activity is probably determined by a combination of structural features which includes molecular size and polyanionic properties.     

Affective and Anxiety Disorders and Alcohol and Drug Dependence:

Depression and anxiety frequently coexist in patients with substance use disorders. This clinically-oriented article examiens the relationship between these conditions and emphasizes data showing that substances of abuse can cause signs and symptoms of both depression and anxiety. These substance-related syndromes appear to have a different course and prognosis than uncomplicated, independent anxiety and major depressive disorders, and clinicians should consider the role of alcohol and other drugs in all patients presenting with these complaints. The authors will also outline an approach for diagnosing and managing patients with the combination of a substance use and depressive or anxiety disorder.     

Alcohol and Substance Use and Abuse in Women and Children

No abstract available for this article.     

Excretion and biotransformation of alfentanil and sufentanil in rats and dogs

The excretion and biotransformation of alfentanil (ALF) and sufentanil (SUF), two recent analogues of the synthetic opioid fentanyl, were studied after single iv administration of the tritium-labeled drugs in male rats and dogs. The drugs were almost completely metabolized in the two species, which resulted in a large number of metabolites. The excretion of the metabolites was rapid and exceeded 95% within 4 days, except for that of ALF metabolites in dogs (about 85%). For ALF, excretion of the radioactivity with the urine (73% in rats, about 76% in dogs) exceeded that with the feces. For SUF, excretion of the radioactivity with the urine amounted to 38 and 60% and that with the feces to 62 and 40%, in rats and dogs, respectively. Bile-cannulated rats excreted 68% with the bile within 24 hr after SUF dosing, and about 22% of this biliary radioactivity was subjected to enterohepatic circulation. After an ALF dose, the biliary excretion amounted to 24%, and the enterohepatic circulation was minimal. The main metabolic pathways of the two drugs were the oxidative N-dealkylation at the piperidine nitrogen and at the amide nitrogen, oxidative O-demethylation, aromatic hydroxylation, and the formation of ether glucuronides. N-[4-(Hydroxymethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide (M6) was the main metabolite of both ALF and SUF in rats. In dogs, the glucuronide of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanamide (M5) was the main metabolite of ALF. After SUF dosing in dogs, N-[4-(methoxymethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N-phenylpropanamide was more abundant than M5.