PCR法检测EB病毒基因及其与鼻咽癌发病的关系

目的　研究患者颈部转移性淋巴结中是否存在ＥＢ病毒。方法　①采用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ） 技术检测５０ 例患者的颈部淋巴结穿刺液;②采用ＰＣＲ法检测１５ 例石蜡包埋鼻咽癌（ＮＰＣ） 组织;③对１２例ＥＢ病毒ＶＣＡＩｇＡ 抗体阳性患者血清进行ＥＢ 病毒基因检测。结果　①３０ 例ＮＰＣ 患者中,２７ 例ＥＢＶＤＮＡ 阳性（ 阳性率９０ ％ ） ;７ 例头颈部其他肿瘤患者中１ 例阳性（１４－３ ％ ） ;８ 例其他部位肿瘤患者中１ 例阳性（１２－５ ％ ） ;５ 例鼻咽部炎症患者ＥＢＶＤＮＡ 检测均为阴性。经χ２ 检验,ＮＰＣ 组与其他肿瘤及鼻咽部炎症组相比,阳性率差异有非常显著意义（ Ｐ＜ ０－００５） 。②１５ 例石蜡包埋ＮＰＣ 组织,ＥＢＶ基因阳性者有１２ 例（ 阳性率８０ ％ ） ;１ 例鼻咽部慢性粘膜炎石蜡包埋组织末检测到ＥＢＶＤＮＡ。③３ 例临床诊断为ＮＰＣ 的血清中均检测到ＥＢＶＤＮＡ（２５ ％ ） 。结论　对于隐性鼻咽癌和原发灶不明的颈部转移癌中确认是否为鼻咽癌,ＥＢ 病毒基因检测是有价值的,ＰＣＲ 技术可以为ＮＰＣ 的诊断和鉴别诊断提供参考依据。     

血清急性期蛋白EB病毒IgA／VCA，IgA／EA抗体测定在鼻咽癌诊断中的应用

测定１９０例鼻咽癌（ＮＰＣ）患者血清中急性期蛋白（ＡＰＰＳ）包括：唾液酸（ＳＡ）．α＿１－抗胰蛋白酶（α＿１－ＡＴ），α＿１－酸性糖蛋白（ａα＿１－ＡＧＰ），触珠蛋白（ＨＰ），铁传递蛋白（ＴＦ）和前清蛋白（ＰＡ）及ＥＢ病毒（ＥＢＶ）ＩｇＡ／ＶＣＡ，ＩｇＡ／ＥＡ抗体，并评价ＡＰＰＳ和ＥＢＶＩｇＡ／ＶＣＡ，ＩｇＡ／ＥＡ抗体对鼻咽癌的诊断价值。。将ＡＰＰＳ测定值经逐步判别分析统计学处理，求得判别函数，用以对ＮＰＣ进行判别诊断。结果发现：ＮＰＣ治疗前组ＡＮＰＳＥＢＶＩｇＡ／ＶＣＡ，ＩｇＡ／ＥＡ与临床病理诊断的符合率分别为８１．８８％和５６．５７％，而治疗后未复发组两者的符合率分别为８０．９５％和３３．３３％。结果表明：对ＮＰＣ的诊断和随访ＡＰＰＳ优于ＥＢＶＩｇＡ／ＶＣＡ，ＩｇＡ／ＥＡ抗体。     

应用RT-PCR快速检测病毒性心肌炎患者血清中CVB-RNA

目的：探讨ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ在病毒性心肌炎中的诊断价值。方法：选用柯萨奇Ｂ组病毒（ＣＶＢ）保守区５′－非编码区的组特异性引物,对４２例临床拟诊为病毒性心肌炎的患者血清行ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ,以检测ＣＶＢ－ＲＮＡ,同时采用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ检测血清中ＣＶＢ－ＩｇＭ。结果：心肌炎患者血清中ＣＶＢ－ＲＮＡ的检出率为６６７％（２８／４２）,而ＩｇＭ的检出率为５２４％（２２／４２）。结论：ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ和ＥＬＩＳＡ都是特异、敏感的诊断方法,并且ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ比ＥＬＩＳＡ敏感（Ｐ＜００５）     

鼻咽癌患者血清肿瘤坏死因子的初步探讨

采用双抗夹心酶联免疫吸附法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测鼻咽癌患者（ＮＰＣ）６２例及正常对照组３０例的血清肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）水平。同时用免疫酶法测定ＮＰＣ患者血清ＥＢＶＣＡ－ＩｇＡ抗体几何平均滴度。结果发现ＮＰＣ患者血清ＴＮＦ水平明显降低;愈近晚期,下降愈显著;且与ＥＢＶＣＡ－ＩｇＡ滴度呈负相关。分析表明：鼻咽癌的发生发展可能与机体的抗肿瘤免疫功能降低有关。测定血清ＴＮＦ水平,对鼻咽癌的辅助诊断和预后估计有参考意义。     

鼻咽癌病人多项免疫功能及EB病毒PCR检测的综合研究

为进一步了解ＥＢ病毒与鼻咽癌的关系,全面综合调查鼻咽癌病人的免疫功能,应用ＰＣＲ方法检测鼻咽病人组织块ＥＢ病毒ＤＮＡ,并对处国咽癌病人血清中ＥＢ病毒（ＥＢＶ－ＶＣＡ／ＩｇＡ）抗体、超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性、脂质过氧化物降解产物（ＭＤＡ）及数种微量元素含量进行测定。结果：从鼻咽癌病人鼻咽部活检组织中成功地检测出ＥＢ病毒ＤＮＡ片断。进一步证实了ＥＢ病毒与鼻咽癌的发生有密切关系。并对鼻咽癌病人血清Ｖ     

用PCR检测乙型肝炎患者血清巨细胞病毒活动性感染

应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术检测１２５例乙型肝炎患者血清中巨细胞病毒脱氧核糖核酸（ＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ）诊断ＣＭＶ活动性感染、同时与酶联免疫吸附法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测血清中ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ的结果相比较。结果显示：ＣＶＭ－ＤＮＡ阳性率为３２．８０％，同于ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ阳性率１５．０２％，各型肝炎中，急性肝炎、慢性肝炎、肝硬化血清ＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ阳性率分别为１９．０５％，３５．２９％。血清ＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ阴性的乙     

献血员中巨细胞病毒感染的PCR检测与分析

目的：揭示献血员中巨细胞病毒９ＨＣＭＶ）感染状况,并探讨用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术对献血员的血液进行ＨＣＭＶ检测和筛的可行性。方法：采用ＰＣＲ对１１９名献血员血清中ＨＣＶＭ－ＤＮＡ进行检测,同时与ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测血清中ＨＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＧ的结果相比较。结果：献血员中ＨＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ、ＨＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＧ阳性率ＨＣＭＶ＝ＤＮＡ阳性率随年龄增大而增高。结论：献血员中存在关ＨＣＭＶ感染;年龄较     

159例乙型肝炎患者活动性巨细胞病毒感染的研究

应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术检测１５９例乙型肝炎患者血清中巨细胞病毒脱氧核糖核酸（ＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ），结合酶联免疫吸附法（ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测血清中ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ，以ＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ和（或）ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ阳性为活性为ＣＭＶ感染诊断标准。结果显示：ＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ和ＣＭＶ－ＩｇＭ阳性率分别为３０．１９％，１４．４７％，乙肝患者活动性ＣＭＶ感染率为３３．７０％，明显高于健康对照５．４３％，其中急性肝炎，慢性轻     

肺部感染性疾病巨细胞病毒感染状态分析

目的 分析肺部巨细胞病毒（ＣＭＶ）感染状况及其意义，方法 应用ＰＣＲ技术检测４５例肺部感染性疾病患者的肺泡灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ），保护性标本刷（ＰＳＢ）洗涤液及血白细胞ＣＭＶＤＮＡ，应用ＥＬＩＳＡ技术检测血清ＣＭＶＩｇＭ，结果 ＢＡＬＦ，ＰＳＢ，血白细胞ＣＭＶ－ＤＮＡ及血清ＩｇＭ的阳性率分别为３１．１１％，３５．５５％，１３．３３％和５１．１１％，肺部ＣＭＶ感染病毒血症的发生率为２８．５７％，肺癌与非     

乙型病毒性肝炎的基因诊断

对１２０例乙肝病毒（ＨＢＶ）感染者血清中ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ用ＰＣＲ技术进行检测，结果表明，ＰＣＲ法的敏感性阳性检出率７５．８％，明显高于ＥＬＩＳＡ法（ＨＢｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ和ＨＢＣＡｂ）的阳性率分别为６１％、３８％和６２％）；ＰＣＲ检测ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢＡｂ一血清的ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ，阳性率分别为２６％、５２％和２４％，ＰＣＲ检测三者均为阳性血清的ＨＢＶ－ＤＮＡ，阳性率为１００％慢性迁延肝炎、慢性活动性肝炎     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.