Progressive increase of human papillomavirus carriage rates in potentially malignant and malignant oral disorders with increasing malignant potential

Introduction:  We investigated the potential role of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in potentially malignant oral disorders, oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral lichen planus (OLP), and in oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC) in an Eastern Hungarian population with a high incidence of OSCC.
Methods:  Excised tumor samples (65 OSCC patients) and exfoliated cells from potentially malignant lesions (from 44 and 119 patients with OL and OLP, respectively) as well as from healthy controls (72 individuals) were analysed. OLPs were classified based on clinical appearance, 61 patients had erosive–atrophic lesions (associated with higher malignancy risk, EA-OLP) and 58 had non-erosive non-atrophic lesions (with lower risk of becoming malignant, non-EA-OLP), respectively. Exfoliated cells collected from apparently healthy mucosa accompanied each lesion sample. HPV was detected by MY/GP polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genotyped by restriction analysis of amplimers. Copy numbers in lesions were determined using real-time PCR. Prevalence rates, copy number distributions, and association with risk factors and diseases were analysed using chi-square test, t -test, and logistic regression, respectively.
Results:  We detected HPVs significantly more frequently in lesions than in controls ( P  ≤ 0.001 in all comparisons). HPV prevalence increased gradually with increasing severity of lesions (32.8, 40.9, and 47.7% in OLP, OL, and OSCC, respectively). Copy number distribution patterns roughly corresponded to prevalence rates, but OLP and OL were comparable. HPV prevalence differed significantly between EA-OLP and non-EA-OLP groups (42.6 vs. 22.4%); EA-OLP group showed a prevalence similar to that found in OL.
Conclusion:  HPVs may be involved in the development or progression of not only OSCC but also of potentially malignant oral lesions.     

Prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus in oral squamous cell carcinoma,oral lichen planus,and normal oral mucosa

OBJECTIVE: The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with both malignant and benign diseases in the head and neck region. In several studies it has also been associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a disease with unknown origin, and viral antigens have been proposed as etiologic agents. Smoking and alcohol habits are known risk factors for oral cancer development. In this study, the prevalence of EBV in OSCC and OLP was investigated, along with the effect of smoking, alcohol use, and age on EBV prevalence. STUDY DESIGN: We examined 29 patients with OSCC, 23 with OLP, and 67 with clinically healthy oral mucosa. For EBV DNA analysis, a nested polymerase chain reaction method was used. RESULTS: The overall EBV prevalence in patients with oral disease was 32.1%. Of the OSCC patients, 37.9% were EBV positive; and of the OLP patients, 26.1% were EBV positive. Both percentages were statistically significant compared with that of control patients (7.3%). The difference in EBV prevalence between the smoking control group and the nonsmoking control group was insignificant. Increased age did not enhance EBV prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: This investigation shows that EBV is present in oral diseases such as OSCC and OLP. Smoking, alcohol use, or age does not seem to be a risk factor for EBV infection. The etiologic role of EBV in OSCC and OLP needs to be examined in a prospective follow-up study.     

Expression of p16 in oral cancer and premalignant lesions

Background:  Expression of p16 has been proposed as a marker for malignant transformation. This study aimed to evaluate p16 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and premalignant lesions including oral leukoplakia (OL) with and without dysplasia.
Methods:  Expression of p16 was investigated in 56 samples including OSCC, OL with and without dysplasia, and normal oral mucosa. Expression of p16 was identified by immunohistochemistry, using the CINtecTM p16INK4a Histology Kit. Both nuclear and/or cytoplasmic staining of the keratinocytes were considered to be positive and the percentage of positive cells was calculated.
Results:  Expression of p16 was detected in 3/16 (18.75%) cases of OSCC, in 4/15 (26.7%) cases of OL without dysplasia, and in none of OL with dysplasia and normal mucosa. No significant differences in p16 expression prevalence were found among OSCC, OL with and without dysplasia and normal mucosa. The percentages of positive cells in OSCC and OL without dysplasia were 0.89 and 0.17, respectively. No significant difference in the percentage of positive keratinocytes was found.
Conclusion:  As a marker, p16 is not reliable for oral mucosal dysplasia and malignant transformation.     

Alteration in the expression of cdk4 and cdk6 proteins in oral cancer and premalignant lesions

J Oral Pathol Med (2010) 39 : 793–799 Background: Cdk4 and cdk6, key players in G1 phase, have been shown to play an important role in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study investigated the expression of these two proteins in OSCC and premalignant lesions including oral leukoplakia (OL) with and without dysplasia and determined if alterations in the expression of these two proteins could be used as markers of malignant transformation. Methods: Expressions of cdk4 and cdk6 were evaluated in 61 samples including OSCC, OL with and without dysplasia and normal oral mucosa using immunohistochemistry method. Nuclear staining of the keratinocytes was considered positive and the percentage of positive cells was calculated. Results: Expression of cdk4 was found in 11/15 (73.33%) OSCC, 13/14 (92.85%) OL with dysplasia, 13/20 (65%) OL without dysplasia and 3/12 (25%) normal mucosa. Expression of cdk6 was detected in 9/15 (60%) OSCC, 3/14 (21.43%) OL with dysplasia, 5/20 (25%) OL without dysplasia and 1/12 (8.33%) normal mucosa. In cdk4 stained specimens, the frequency of positive cases and the percentage of positive cells in normal mucosa was significantly lower than OL with dysplasia and OSCC. For cdk6 staining, the prevalence of positive cases and the percentage of positive cells in normal mucosa were significantly lower than OSCC. Conclusions: Overexpressions of cdk4 and cdk6 were observed in OSCC, indicating that these two proteins play a crucial role in OSCC. The aberrant expression of cdk4 was found in OL with dysplasia, suggesting that cdk4 may be involved in the early event of carcinogenesis.     

新疆部分维族、汉族口腔黏膜癌前病变及口腔鳞状细胞癌P16蛋白表达的研究

目的 探讨新疆维吾尔族、汉族口腔黏膜癌前病变及口腔鳞状上皮细胞癌的发生与发展过程中P16蛋白表达的意义。方法 采用免疫组化LSAB法对40例口腔扁平苔藓（维吾尔族20例，汉族20例），43例口腔白斑（维吾尔族23例，汉族20例）和60例口腔鳞状上皮细胞癌（维吾尔族24例，汉族41例）分别进行检测。结果口腔鳞状上皮细胞癌组织中P16蛋白阳性率为32．3％，明显低于口腔白斑（55．8％）和口腔扁平苔藓（72．5％），P＜0．005，维族与汉族之间的的差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论 P16蛋白表达缺失在口腔鳞状上皮细胞癌的发生与发展过程中起重要作用；据本研究资料，尚不能认为P16蛋白的表达在维族与汉族之间的差异有显著性。     

Epstein-Barr virus in tobacco-induced oral cancers and oral lesions in patients from India

D'Costa J, Saranath D, Sanghvi V, Mehta AR: Epstein-Barr virus in tobacco-induced oral cancers and oral lesions in patients from India. J Oral Pathol Med 1998; 27: 78–82. © Munksgaard, 1998.
We examined 103 oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC), 100 oral lesions consisting primarily of leukoplakia (82 cases), and 76 clinically normal mucosa specimens from the contralateral site in the oral cavity of individuals with oral lesions, for the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify a 239 bp fragment of the BamHIL region of the EBV genome, followed by Southern blot hybridization with EBV oligonucleotide probe to increase further the specificity and sensitivity of the assay system. Since EBV seropositivity is frequent in populations, we also examined the peripheral blood cells (PBC) from 141 patients (50 oral cancer patients, 91 patients with oral lesions) for the presence of EBV We detected EBV in 25 of 103 (25%) OSCC, 13 of 100 (13%) oral lesions, 3 of 76 (4%) clinically normal mucosa samples and 10 of 141 (7%) PBC. Our results indicate that EBV may contribute as one of the multiple factors in oral cancers, in a certain proportion of Indian patients.     

Abnormal EBV immune status in oral lichen planus

OBJECTIVE: To investigate any possible association between oral lichen planus (OLP) and the humoral immune response to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). MATERIAL AND METHODS The population consisted of 22 patients with histologically verified OLP and 22 healthy sex- and age-matched controls without any oral mucosal diseases. Specific serum IgG antibodies (Ab) towards EBV early antigen (EA) and nuclear antigen-I (EBNA) and IgM Ab towards EBV EA were determined by ELISA.
RESULTS: The optometric density (OD) IgG anti-EA Ab levels were significantly higher in OLP patients than in controls and a significantly negative correlation between duration of symptoms from OLP and IgG anti-EA OD Ab values was demonstrated. IgM anti-EA and IgG anti-EBNA OD Ab levels were not significantly different between the two groups.
CONCLUSION: The hypothesis of any possible association between EBV and OLP has never been tested but the present results seem to lend support for an aberration in the humoral response to EBV in OLP patients.     

Immunohistopathological study of the oral lichenoid lesions of chronic GVHD

BACKGROUND: Chronic graft-vs.-host disease (cGVHD) is a common and serious complication after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). However, the detailed process of oral lichenoid lesions of cGVHD is still unknown. Therefore, we investigated the immunohistopathological features of cGVHD compared with oral lichen planus (OLP) and healthy controls. METHODS: Nineteen allogenic BMT recipients with a histopathological diagnosis of cGVHD were investigated. We investigated the immunohistopathological features of cGVHD compared with OLP and healthy controls. RESULTS: Immunohistopathological features showed that the infiltrations of CD4-positive T cells of cGVHD and OLP were significantly larger than those of the normal oral mucosa (P < 0.005). A larger number of CD8-positive T cells was infiltrated in cGVHD and OLP compared with the normal oral mucosa (P < 0.001). The difference in the number of CD4- and CD8-positive T cells between cGVHD and OLP was not significant. The infiltrations of Langerhans cells (CD1a) in cGVHD and OLP were significantly larger than those in the normal oral mucosa (P < 0.005). The difference in the number of Langerhans cells between cGVHD and OLP was not significant. CD68-positive macrophages were more frequently seen in cGVHD and OLP than in the normal oral mucosa (P < 0.0001). The difference in the number of CD68-positive macrophages between cGVHD and OLP was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that Langerhans cells and CD8-positive T cell may play a major role in the pathogenesis of the oral lichenoid lesions of cGVHD, and the immune response was inducted in OLP as well as the oral lichenoid lesion of cGVHD in this study.     

HPV DNA in clinically different variants of oral leukoplakia and lichen planus

OBJECTIVES: Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in oral leukoplakia (OL) and oral lichen planus (OLP) in comparison with that in healthy oral mucosa, also conditionally to age, gender, smoking, and drinking habits of patients, so as to investigate any possible association of HPV infection with a specific clinical variant of OL or OLP. STUDY DESIGN: We did research on HPV DNA in 68 cases of OL (homogeneous form [H] in 45 cases and nonhomogeneous form [non-H] in 23 cases), and in 71 cases of OLP (nonatrophic/erosive form [non-AE] in 27 cases, atrophic/erosive form [AE] in 44 cases). HPV DNA was investigated in exfoliated oral mucosa cells by nested PCR (nPCR: MY09-MY11/GP5-GP6) and the HPV genotype determined by direct DNA sequencing. RESULTS: HPV DNA was found in 17.6% of OL, in 19.7% of OLP, and in 5.6% of controls, with a statistically significant higher risk of HPV infection in both lesion groups (for OL: P=.01; Odds Ratio [OR]=3.64; 95% CI: 1.21-10.80; for OLP: P=.005; OR=4.17; 95% CI: 1.41-12.18). Demographic variables analysis showed that the only significant association was between HPV status and current smoking in OL patients (OR'=3.40; 95% CI: 1.0-11.59). HPV DNA was found in 20% of H OL and 13% of non-H OL, without any association with the clinical variant (P=.73; OR=0.60; 95% CI: 0.14-2.48). HPV DNA was found in 18.5% of non-AE OLP and 20.4% of AE OLP, without any significant association with the clinical variant (P=.84; OR=1.13; 95% CI: 0.335-3.816). HPV-18 was the most frequently detected genotype (9/12 and 10/14 of HPV-positive OL and OLP, respectively), followed by HPV-16 (2/12 OL and 2/14 OLP), HPV-33 (1/12 OL), HPV-31 (1/14 OLP), and HPV-6 (1/14 OLP). CONCLUSIONS: An increased risk of HPV infection was found in OL and OLP; however, no specific clinical variant of OL or OLP was noted to be associated with HPV infection. It is not possible to predict the likelihood of HPV infection from the clinical features of OL and OLP.     

端粒酶逆转录酶mRNA在OLP和OSCC中的表达

目的：探讨端粒酶逆转录酶（TERT）mRNA在口腔扁平苔藓（OLP）和口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）中的表达以及在OLP癌变过程中的作用。方法：应用mRNA原位杂交法对正常口腔黏膜12例,非糜烂型OLP20例,糜烂型OLP20例及OSCC20例,进行hTERTmRNA的检测。结果：正常口腔黏膜、非糜烂型OLP、糜烂型OLP及OSCC中hTERTmRNA阳性表达率分别为8.33％（1／12）、15％（3／20）、45％（9／20）、80％（16／20）。其中,除正常口腔黏膜与非糜烂型OLP中hTERT mRNA阳性率无显著性差异外,其余各组间均有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。而且,正常口腔黏膜与非糜烂型OLP的hTERT mRNA染色强度明显低于糜烂型OLP及OSCC（P〈0.05）。结论：hTERT mRNA可能在糜烂型OLP的癌变过程起着一定的作用。     

Oral lichen planus has a high rate of TP53 mutations. A study of oral mucosa in icelanD

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a world-wide health problem. In addition to external exposure (smoking and alcohol), certain oral lesions may increase the risk of oral cancer (e.g. leukoplakia, erythroplakia, and oral lichen planus). TP53 has been implicated in OSCC, but there are limited studies of mutations in premalignant oral lesions. In this study, 55 samples from OSCC, 47 from hyperkeratotic (HK) oral mucosa, clinically diagnosed as white patches, 48 samples from oral lichen planus (OLP), and 12 biopsies from normal oral mucosa were studied immunohistochemically for expression of TP53 protein. From all the carcinoma samples and selected non-malignant samples showing moderate or strong TP53 protein expression, malignant cells or TP53-positive nuclei were microdissected and screened for mutations in exons 5-8 by constant denaturation gel electrophoresis. Moderate to strong TP53 protein staining was seen in 56% of OSCC, 32% of OLP but only in 13% of HK. All OLP samples showed a characteristic pattern of positive nuclei confined to the basal layer, whereas TP53 staining was seen in suprabasal nuclei in HK. Mutation rate was 11 out of 52 for OSCC, three out of 20 tested for HK and, remarkably, nine out 27 tested for OLP. There was no correlation between TP53 protein staining and TP53 mutations. No associations were found with anatomical sites or disease progression. The unexpectedly high mutation rate of OLP might explain the premalignant potential of this lesion.     

High percentage of oral lichen planus and lichenoid lesion in oral squamous cell carcinomas

Objective: Oral lichen planus (OLP) and lichenoid lesions (OLL) are regarded as precursor lesions of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with potential for malignant transformation. This potential is not clear due to difficulties in diagnosis of OLP and OLL. Our aim was therefore to evaluate previously identified OLP and OLL as precursor lesions in OSCC and to identify cancer related etiological factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption.

Material and methods: We retrospectively reviewed all cases (total 323, comprising 164 females and 159 males) with OSCC treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases and Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital during 2015. Confirmed by histopathological biopsy, 58 (17.9%) had OLP and 13 had OLL (4.0%) as precursor lesion.

Results: Patients with OLP were slightly older than those without it. OLP was more common in females than in males (p?p?=?.006) and cancer relapses less common (p?=?.005). Smoking was less frequent in patients with OLP and OLL (p?p?Conclusion: Our findings confirm the importance of active follow-up of all patients with OLP and OLL even in patients who do not fit a traditional high-risk category for OSCC.     

EP—CAM在OLP和OSCC组织中的表达及意义

目的：观察上皮细胞黏附分子（Ep—CAM）在口腔正常黏膜、扁平苔癣（OLP）和鳞癌（OSCC）组织中表达的变化,分析Ep—CAM在口腔黏膜疾病及其癌变发病机制中的作用。方法：采用免疫组织化学法检测10例正常口腔黏膜、30例OLP（15例非糜烂型、15例糜烂型）及20例OSCC组织中Ep—CAM的表达变化。结果：Ep—CAM在正常黏膜组织阴性表达,而在非糜烂型OLP、糜烂型OLP及OSCC组织中表达逐渐增强。结论：Ep—CAM在口腔黏膜癌变的发展过程中可能具有一定的指示意义。     

No detection of TSH or TSHR in oral lichen planus lesions in patients with or without hypothyroidism

Abstract

Objective: An association between hypothyroidism (HT) and oral lichen planus (OLP) has been reported. However, the mechanisms that could explain this association remain unresolved. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) in healthy oral mucosa and in OLP lesions of individuals with and without HT.

Material and methods: Immunohistochemical expression of TSH and TSHR was studied in oral mucosal biopsies obtained from 14 OLP patients with HT, 14 OLP patients without HT and 10 healthy controls without oral mucosal lesions. Gene expression of TSHR was investigated by using three different PCR techniques in oral mucosal samples from 7 OLP patients with HT, 3 OLP patients without HT, 9 healthy controls and in cultured human oral epithelial cells. Gene expression of TSH was examined by employing 2 PCR techniques in oral mucosal samples from 2 OLP patients with HT, 2 OLP patients without HT and 4 healthy controls.

Results: TSH and TSHR stainings were negative in the studied oral mucosal specimens. Gene quantification assays demonstrated negative gene expression of TSH and TSHR in clinical and in vitro samples.

Conclusions: These results suggest that TSH and TSHR may not be commonly involved in the pathogenetic mechanism that could explain the association between OLP and hypothyroidism.     

Expression of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 in oral lichen planus

OBJECTIVE: The expression pattern of lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 (LFA-3) in the buccal mucosa of oral lichen planus (OLP) patients was compared to that of healthy controls to investigate the possible role of LFA-3 in cell interactions within OLP lesions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples of buccal mucosa from 17 clinically healthy individuals and 17 OLP lesions were analysed. Expression of LFA-3, CD2, CD3 and CD 14 was visualized by an immunoperoxidase technique and assessed microscopically.
RESULTS: In healthy buccal mucosa LFA-3 was expressed on keratinocytes, Langerhans cells within the epithelium and on endothelial cells in the lamina propria. In OLP patients a similar pattern of LFA-3 staining was observed. In addition, cytoplasmic LFA-3, without accompanying surface staining, was seen on a subpopul-ation of macrophage-like cells. Substantial amounts of LFA-3 also appeared to be associated with non-cellular components of the extracellular matrix within the inflammatory infiltrate.
CONCLUSIONS: We have obtained evidence for a previously undescribed localization of LFA-3 within macro-phages, and have observed that expression of LFA-3 is apparently elevated within OLP lesions. LFA-3 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of OLP.     

MicroRNA‐137 promoter methylation in oral lichen planus and oral squamous cell carcinoma

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a common oral mucosal disease, which is generally considered a potentially malignant lesion. To identify efficiently prognostic biomarker, we investigated the microRNA‐137 (miR‐137) promoter methylation in OLP and compared with the samples from healthy volunteers and patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A total of 20 OLP and 12 patients with OSCC as well as 10 healthy subjects were subjected to miR‐137 promoter methylation analysis using methylation‐specific PCR (MSP). To address the malignancy prediction potential from miR‐137 promoter methylation status, methylation of the p16 gene, a well‐known tumor suppressor, was investigated in the same samples. The p16 methylation and miR‐137 promoter methylation were found to be 25% and 35% in patients with OLP, 50% and 58.3% in patients with OSCC, and 0% and 0% in healthy subjects, respectively. The differences between miR‐137 and p16 methylation levels were statistically significant between healthy controls and patients. Methylation levels of the two promoters were also influenced by age, gender, and lesion duration. Interestingly, aberrant promoter methylation of the p16 and miR‐137 genes was only found in the epithelium but not in the connective tissue from patients with OLP. This raises the possibility to use miR‐137 methylation as a biomarker for malignant prediction in patients with OLP.     

黑龙江地区口腔扁平苔藓患者丙型肝炎病毒感染的检测

目的 检测黑龙江地区口腔扁平苔藓(OLP)患者丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)的感染率,并讨论两者之间的关系。方法 采用双抗夹心酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对本地区62例OLP患者和61例非OLP黏膜病患者及22例健康志愿者进行血清丙型肝炎病毒抗体(HCV-Ab)的检测。结果 口腔扁平苔藓组HCV感染率(9.7%)明显高于非OLP黏膜病组(1.6%)和健康组(0%)HCV感染率(P<0.05)。结论 黑龙江地区OLP的发病与HCV感染存在一定的关系。     

H3 and H3.3 histone mRNA amounts and ratio in oral squamous cell carcinoma and leukoplakia

Histone variants (e.g. H3) play an important role in chromatin structure and gene expression regulation of normal cells. Aims of this study were to: (1) estimate H3 and H3.3 histone mRNA expressions and their ratio in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral leukoplakia (OL); (2) investigate whether H3 and H3.3 variants could play a role in the pathogenesis of OSCC and OL, also conditionally to HPV infection, age, gender, and main habits (tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking) in human beings studied. Twenty-three cases of OSCC and 20 cases of OL were examined in lesion site (LS) and juxtaposed clinically undamaged site (JUS) by RT-PCR for H3 and H3.3 histone mRNA; 13 healthy oral mucosa samples (HS) were investigated in a single site as controls. HPV DNA presence was investigated in the respective exfoliated oral mucosa cells by nested PCR (nPCR: MY09-MY11/GP5-GP6). The data showed that both H3 and H3.3 histone mRNA crude concentrations are higher in OSCC (LS = 2901 +/- 459 ng of H3; JUS = 2699 +/- 658 ng of H3; LS = 3190 +/- 411 ng of H3.3; JUS = 2596 +/- 755 ng of H3.3) than those in OL (LS = 2095 +/- 349 ng of H3; JUS = 2192 +/- 897 ng of H3; LS = 2076 +/- 911 ng of H3.3; JUS = 1880 +/- 654 ng of H3.3) and in HS (2579 +/- 959 ng of H3; 2300 +/- 758 ng of H3.3), although not reaching any statistical significance. Interestingly, ratio of H3/H3.3 mRNA amounts decrease both in OSCC (0.99) and OL (1.009) vs HS (1.121). No association was found for H3 and H3.3 histone mRNA expressions in OSCC and OL with respect to HPV infection and the social-demographical variables considered (P > 0.2). The overall higher expression of H3.3 in damaged tissues up to the ratio inversion in OSCC especially in HPV+ alcohol drinkers (60.0%) represents the most interesting finding, in consideration of the proven ability of alcohol to act as permeability enhancer of human oral mucosa, to alter the mucosal structure and by this dynamics could favour the penetration through the epithelial layers of HPV.     

口腔黏膜癌前病变及口腔鳞癌中bFGF的表达及意义

目的　探讨口腔黏膜癌前病变及口腔鳞癌的发生、发展过程中bFGF的表达及意义。方法　应用免疫组织化学方法对 10例正常口腔黏膜、2 7例口腔扁平苔藓、2 4例口腔白斑及 3 0例口腔鳞癌分别进行检测。结果　口腔鳞癌组织中bFGF高表达 ,明显高于正常口腔黏膜、口腔扁平苔藓和口腔白斑组织 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;口腔扁平苔藓和口腔白斑组织中bFGF表达高于正常口腔黏膜 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　bFGF的过表达在口腔鳞癌的发生、发展过程中起着十分重要的作用 ,可以将其作为预测口腔黏膜恶变潜能的重要标志物     

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??Objective    To investigate the expression of miR-590 in the tissues of patients with oral lichen planus and oral squamous carcinoma and study its role in the carcinogenesis of oral mucosal cells. Methods    Twenty female and twelve male OLP patients??OLP group??and seventeen female and eleven male OSCC patients??OSCC group??were selected??who were pathologically diagnosed in Jinzhou Stomatological Hospital from March 2014 to December 2015. Twenty healthy matched volunteers served as control group. The expressions of miR-590 in oral tissues of the three groups were examined by realtime PCR. The difference among the three groups was statistically analyzed. Results    The relative expressions of miR-590 were significantly higher in OLP??1.96 ± 0.52??and OSCC patients??2.75 ± 0.78??than those in the healthy controls??0.77 ± 0.34????P < 0.05??. There were significant differences in the expression of miR-590 between the OLP group and OSCC group??P < 0.05??. Conclusion    The expressions of miR-590 are higher in OLP and OSCC patients than those in normal controls??miR-590 may play a role in the carcinogenesis of oral mucosal cells.