乙肝免疫球蛋白阻断HBV母婴垂直传播的临床研究

目的探讨乙肝阳性孕妇孕期注射乙肝免疫球蛋白(HB IG)在预防HBV母婴传播中的作用。方法选乙肝阳性孕妇(包括HBSAg( )、大三阳、小三阳、HBV-DNA( ))160例,分两组,每组80例,治疗组(用药组)、对照组(未用药)。用ELASA法和PCR技术进行母血和脐血测定。结果治疗组阻断几率为96.25%(3/80),对照组阻断几率为71.25%(57/80),二组有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论对乙肝阳性孕妇,孕期注射乙肝免疫球蛋白是减少乙肝母婴垂直传播的有效方法。     

孕晚期注射HBIG阻断HBV母婴传播的病例对照研究

目的探讨孕晚期注射乙肝免疫球蛋白（HBIG）对阻断HBV母婴传播有无作用。方法选取538例孕晚期注射HBIG和817例未注射HBIG的孕妇及其婴儿,比较两组的宫内感染率。结果（1）HBIG组和对照组的宫内感染率分别为2．2％和1．1％,两组相比差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;（2）当母亲同为HBeAg阳性时,两组的宫内感染率相比,差异无统计学意义（4．14％VS．4．92％,P〉0．05）;当母亲同为HBVDNA阳性时,两组的宫内感染率相比,差异仍无统计学意义（3．14％vs．3．10％,P〉0．05）;（3）进一步将孕妇血清HBVDNA按浓度高低进行分层分析,当HBVDNA浓度相同时,两组的宫内感染率相比,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论孕期注射HBIG对阻断HBV母婴传播无明显作用,不推荐孕期使用HBIG。     

脐血检测HBIG免疫阻断HBV母婴垂直传播机制的研究

目的探讨乙肝免疫球蛋白(HBIG)免疫阻断HBV母婴垂直传播 .方法对孕妇HBV阳性者进一步进行HBV DNA检测,根据病情分别采用乙肝疫苗和HBIG免疫阻断,并对新生儿脐血进行HBV M及HBV DNA检测,以了解新生儿感染情况.结果采用HBIG 阻断HBV新生儿发生HBV感染率显著降低.结论孕期及时检测HBV M,早诊断、早干预和早治疗,是阻止HBV母婴垂直传播的关键.     

乙肝病毒母婴宫内垂直传播的探讨和预防

乙型肝炎的传播已成为重要的世界性问题.我国乙肝病毒感染率甚高,达10.9%,约有1.2亿人,其中50%以上为母婴垂直传播所致[1].乙肝病毒感染,男女性别无差异,故约有6千万女性,这其中有三分之一涉及到生育[2].以往认为,胎盘屏障有保护胎儿不受外界有害物质的损害,乙肝病毒很少通过胎盘.据文献[3]报道:乙肝母婴垂直传播感染率甚高.新生儿感染乙肝后,其中85%发展为慢性乙肝携带者.婴幼儿乙肝感染率为30%.围产期感染乙肝男婴50%可能死于乙肝相关疾病,女婴14%.因此,乙肝病毒母婴垂直传播为慢性乙肝感染的主要原因;成人期乙肝急性感染的慢性转化率不足3%.本文就乙肝病毒母婴宫内垂直传播进行了调查和探讨,并介绍了阻断乙肝病毒母婴垂直传播的方法.     

乙肝免疫球蛋白阻断HBV母婴垂直传播的临床研究

目的探讨乙肝HBsAg-DNA阳性孕妇,产前注射乙肝免疫球蛋白在预防 HBV母婴传播中的作用,旨在阻断乙肝母婴垂直传播的途径.方法选乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性,且乙肝病毒DNA(HBV-DNA)阳性的孕妇100例分两组,每组50例.A组(用药组),B组(未用药组).100例均用 ELISA和 PCR技术检测母血.婴儿脐血以及出生后6个月后HBsAg-DNA血清的情况.结果①A组 50例用药后孕妇血清 HBsAg-DNA平均滴度(98227'10^3拷/ml)与未用药B组50例孕妇(6167752·10^3拷/ml)比较,A组MHBsAg-DNA滴度明显降低.二组有显著性差异(P＜0.05).②A、B二组分娩的婴儿脐血HBsAg-DNA阳性率A组9例(18%)与B组25例(50%)比较,A组婴儿HBsAg-DNA阳性率明显降低.二组有显著性差异(P＜005).③A、B二组婴儿出生后24h均用加强预防,6个月后测新生儿血清 HBsAg-DNA阳性率,A组产前用药 出生后用药,其阳性率1例(2%),与B组产前未用药,仅出生后用药,其阳性率10例(20%),二组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论对孕妇乙肝携带者产前注射乙肝免疫球蛋白可以降低母婴垂直传播率,若分娩后新生儿再次用药则HBV新生儿感染率显著降低.研究对减少乙肝病毒的传播,提高人口素质,搞好优生优育具有重要的理论意义和实用价值.     

乙肝免疫球蛋白免疫阻断HBV母婴垂直传播机制的研究

目的 探讨乙肝免疫球蛋白免疫阻断HBV母婴垂立传播。方法 对孕妇HBsAg( )者进一步检测HBV M及HBV DNA，根据病情分别采用乙肝疫苗和HBIG免疫阻断，并对新生儿脐血进行HBVM及HBV DNA检测以了解新生儿感染情况。结果 采用HBIG阻断HBV新生儿无l例发生感染。结论 孕早期检测HBV M，早期诊断、早期干预和早治疗，是阻止患儿出生的关键。     

联合应用乙肝疫苗和HBIG阻断母婴传播效果观察

母亲ＨＢｓＡｇ和ＨＢｅＡｇ均阳性者所生婴儿为观察对象。分１０μｇ×３、２０μｇ×３和３０μｇ×３三组，每组又分联合组（乙肝疫苗加ＨＢＩＧ）和单苗组（单用乙肝疫苗），按０、１、６月程序肌内注射。２０μｇ和３０μｇ两组１２月龄时联合组和单苗组ＨＢｓＡｇ阳性率差别无显著性，但联合组抗－ＨＢｓ阳性率和ＧＭＴ均较单苗组为高。１０μｇ×３联合组１２月龄时ＨＢｓＡｓ感染率和３０μｇ×３单苗组相仿，用此法免疫，价格低廉，建议采用。     

HBIG与HBV疫苗联合应用阻断乙肝病毒母婴传播的观察

ＨＢＩＧ与ＨＢＶ疫苗联合应用阻断乙肝病毒母婴传播的观察广东省江门市妇幼保健院儿科（５２９０００）宋华，江洪青，陈彤，钟红磊近年来，国内已普遍开展使用抗乙肝免疫球蛋白（ＨＢＩＧ）与乙肝疫苗（ＨＢＶ疫苗）联合应用来预防乙型肝炎的母婴传播。为了解该方法的免...     

乙肝病毒母婴垂直传播阻断的分析

目的分析乙型肝炎表面抗原(HBsAg)携带者孕妇及其新生儿应用乙肝免疫球蛋白(HBIG)对阻断乙肝母婴传播的效果。方法A组200例,于孕28、32、36w分别注射HBIG200U,B组60例仅常规产前检查及监护。新生儿分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组新生儿注射乙肝疫苗(HBVac)10μg和HBIG100U,Ⅲ组新生儿只注射HBVac10μg。结果A组较B组新生儿出生时外周血HBsAg阳性率显著降低,P<0.05。Ⅰ、Ⅲ组婴儿6月龄HBsAb阳性率差异有显著性,P<0.05。结论对HBsAg携带者孕晚期应用HBIG可以显著降低新生儿外周血HBsAb阳性率;对HBsAb携带者孕晚期应用HBIG,新生儿出生时应用HBIG和HBVac联合免疫,可以显著提高婴儿6月龄HBsAb阳性率。     

感染HBV孕妇妊娠晚期HBIG阻断免疫后HBV宫内传播的调查分析

目的探讨感染乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)孕产、妇于妊娠晚期接受HB IG阻断免疫治疗后,其新生婴儿宫内阻断免疫效果及影响因素。方法取静脉血检验母婴乙肝两对半。结果感染HBV孕、产妇阻断免疫治疗组与对照组间新生婴儿宫内感染比较P>0.05,无显著性差异。结论感染HBV孕、产妇宫内阻断免疫失败的原因与孕、产妇HBV感染状态及接受HB IG阻断免疫次数有关。感染HBV孕妇在HBsAg滴度及HBV DNA复制水平较低时妊娠,同时采取联合免疫的方法,增加接受HB IG阻断免疫治疗的次数,并适当提前接种乙肝疫苗可望提高乙肝宫内阻断免疫成功率。     

乙肝疫苗联合乙肝免疫球蛋白对阻断母婴垂直传播乙型肝炎病毒的临床分析

目的探讨孕妇产前用乙肝免疫球蛋白（HBIG）与乙型肝炎疫苗联合免疫阻断母婴传播的效果。方法将504例HBsAg（＋）孕妇分为A（预防组）,B（对照组）两组。A组：246名HBsAg阳性孕妇孕晚期每月分别注射基因重组型乙肝疫苗10μg、HBIG200IU（200IU/ml）,新生儿出生后采股静脉血,同时在出生后24h内注射HBIG200IU,然后在0、1、6月龄接种基因重组型乙肝疫苗,每次10μg。B组：258例产前未注射HBIG和基因重组型乙肝疫苗的HBsAg阳性孕妇,其所生新生儿在0、1、6（30μg、30μg、30μg）月龄只用基因重组型乙肝疫苗免疫。A、B两组婴儿都分别在0、3、6、9、12、24月龄静脉采血,用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测HBV标志物,同时随访。结果A组的宫内感染率为3.25%,B组为4.16%,差异无统计学意义（χ^2=1.43,P〉0.05）。A组没有发生慢性HBV感染的婴儿,而B组中有7例婴儿发生慢性HBV感染,B组婴儿发生慢性HBV的感染率显著高于A组（χ^2=4.41,P〈0.05）。结论产前用HBIG和新生儿HBIG联合免疫可降低慢性HBV感染率,阻断宫内感染的慢性化,提高产程感染的阻断效果。     

乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白阻断乙型肝炎病毒母婴传播的临床研究

目的探讨乙型肝炎（乙肝）表面抗原（HBsAg）阳性孕妇及其新生儿采用乙肝免疫球蛋白（HBIG）阻断乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）母婴垂直传播的效果。方法将136例HBsAg（＋）的孕妇分为观察组（72例）和对照组（64例）,观察组孕妇于孕28、32与36周分别注射乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白（HBIG）,双阳性注射400IU,单阳性注射200IU;对照组只作随访及常规产检。两组的新生儿在出生6h内、第1、6个月时分别注射乙肝疫苗（HBvac）10μg、5μg、5μg;观察组新生儿在出生6h内臀部肌内注射HBIG 100IU。分别检测两组新生儿及6月龄婴儿血清中HBsAg、乙型肝炎表面抗体（HBsAb）及HBV DNA。结果观察组新生儿HBsAg和HBV DNA阳性率较对照组低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05和P〈0．01）。观察组6月龄婴儿HBsAb阳性率较对照组高,而HBV DNA阳性率较对照组低,差异也均有统计学意义（P〈0．01和P〈O．05）。结论HBsAg（＋）的孕妇应用HBIG可有效阻断HBV母婴传播,而新生儿出生时应用HBIG和HBvac联合免疫,可明显提高6月龄婴儿HBsAb阳性率。     

Prevention of perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV): a comparison of two prophylactic schedules

Perinatal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) from HBsAg carrier mothers who were HBeAg+, antiHBe+, or negative for both HBe markers, was interrupted using either 4 doses of vaccine, or one dose of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) at birth, combined with 4 doses of vaccine. In those infants who received HBIG at birth, the antiHBs titre was significantly higher at 1 and 2 months old, but at 6, 9, and 18 months old, there was no significant difference. Among the infants of carrier mothers who did not display HBeAg (i.e., were antiHBe+, or negative for both HBe markers), a transient subclinical infection would have been expected in around 10% had there been no intervention. No evidence of such infection was detected, and no difference in outcome was found between the two treatment groups. Amongst infants born to HBeAg+ carrier mothers, infection occurred in 1 out of 8 who had received HBIG and vaccine, and in 3 of 8 who had received vaccine only. The difference in outcome was not statistically significant, but the numbers analysed were small. The infections which occurred in spite of prophylaxis may be attributable to in utero infection, poor response to vaccine by the infant, or to the mother having a particularly high HBV-DNA level. HBIG given at birth to infants of HBeAg+ carrier mothers may enhance the protection of infants who are destined to be poor responders to vaccine.     

Controversy and Strategies Exploration in Blocking Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B, a serious infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), remains a worldwide social and public health problem. Hepatitis B has a particularly high incidence rate in the world, whereas approximately 35–50% HBV carriers are infected through vertical transmission. Even after newborn immunoprophylaxis, vertical transmission still accounts for 5–10% in China according to plenty of literature in Chinese language. For these reasons, it is important to determine how to effectively intervene in mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). To date, though, intervention methods and measures remain controversial. In order to understand the mechanism of MTCT intervention further and develop effective preventions and interventions, a comprehensive analysis and presentation on some of its more controversial issues will be given in this paper. And eventually we conclude three measures and strategies for these issues: (1) emancipate the mind and seek truth from facts to understand the controversial issues pertaining to MTCT of HBV; (2) treat the basic rules and changing characteristics of MTCT blocking process of hepatitis B with holistic medical thought dialectically and (3) further explore the interaction of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors of MTCT of hepatitis B.     

HBIG联合HBVac阻断HBV宫内感染的研究

目的探讨孕期多次联合注射乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白 (HBIG)和乙型肝炎疫苗(HBVac )阻断乙型肝炎病毒HBV)宫内感染效果.方法对30例HBsAg阳性孕妇从孕20周开始联合注射HBIG和HBVac,另23 例未行注射的HBsAg阳性孕妇作对照.采用敏感特异的套式聚合酶链反应检测孕妇及新生儿血清及外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)中HBV DNA.结果阻断组和对照组新生儿血清HBV DNA检出率分别为10%(3/30)和34.8%(8/23),二组差异显著,而PBMC中HBV DNA检出率二组无显著性差异;阻断组孕妇血清 HBV DNA水平下降率38.5 %(10/26),而对照组10.5%(2/19),差异显著, PBMC中HBV DNA水平二组无显著性差异.结论孕期多次联合注射HBIG 和 HBVac 可有效降低孕妇体内HBV DNA水平,从而降低HBV宫内感染率,但对孕妇PBMC中 HBV 影响不大, 并不降低新生儿 PBMC 中HBV DNA的检出率.     

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) subtype-specific antibodies in persons vaccinated against hepatitis B

One hundred sixty-three persons immunised against hepatitis B with a vaccine containing HBsAg either of adw or ayw subtype were examined for antibodies against the a, d, and y determinants of HBsAg. Sera were tested for antibodies against HBsAg adw and HBsAg ayw separately by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay using polystyrene beads coated with HBsAg of either adw or ayw subtype, and the relative amounts of antibodies against the single determinants were calculated. After the third immunisation, all vaccinees had antibodies against the common determinant a. A quantitative evaluation showed that on average about 50% of HBsAg-specific antibodies were directed against the a determinant, and about 50% against d or y, respectively. However, as only anti-a is protective against cross-infection with other HBsAg subtypes, the degree of immunity of a person vaccinated against hepatitis B should be evaluated by the determination of antibodies to a rather than antibodies against total HBsAg.     

2011～2013年北京市部分二级以上医院收治患者的乙肝病毒感染情况分析

目的 了解北京市部分二级及以上医院住院及门诊收治病人的乙肝病毒感染情况,为制订乙肝防治策略提供科学数据.方法 以2011年1月至2013年12月期间在北京市部分二级及以上医院收治的用于检测HBV-DNA定量的3351例患者为研究对象,利用荧光定量PCR方法对研究对象的血清（血浆）标本进行HBV-DNA定量检测,并以结果大于5×10^2 IU/mL作为阳性判断标准,利用Excel的CHITEST函数分析资料完整样本的感染数据.结果 2011年至2013年,在北京部分二级及以上医院收治患者中,乙肝病毒的感染率为33.42％左右.男性感染者数量明显多于女性（P＜0.01）.感染者主要来自21 ～40岁年龄组（55.35％）;规范儿童疫苗接种后感染者有所减少,0～20岁年龄组阳性率为5.77％等.结论 从本文的检测结果看,HBV阳性率较高,对阳性人群应加强管理并用药控制病毒载量,对易感人群应加强保护预防感染.     

e抗原阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者血清HBV-DNA与HBsAg、HBeAg的相关性分析

目的 研究e抗原阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者外周血中HBV-DNA载量与乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）、乙型肝炎病毒e抗原（HBeAg）的相关性,及其在不同性别、年龄群体中的差异.方法 收集319例e抗原阳性慢性乙肝患者血清,采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测HBV-DNA载量,用时间分辨免疫荧光法检测HBsAg和HBeAg的浓度,利用SPSS软件做统计分析.结果 HBV-DNA载量与HBsAg含量有良好的相关性（r=0.514,P〈0.001）;与HBeAg含量有相关（r=0.337,P〈0.001）;女性的HBeAg水平要高于男性患者（P〈0.05）;年龄（31～50）岁组、〉50岁组的HBV-DNA、HBsAg 及HBeAg值皆高于年龄 〈30岁组 （P〈0.001）.结论 e抗原阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者血清中HBV-DNA载量与HBsAg、HBeAg定量水平皆有相关性,其中与HBsAg相关性更佳.     

Multicenter trial on the efficacy of HBIG and vaccine in preventing perinatal hepatitis B. Final report

In an attempt to interrupt perinatal transmission of hepatitis B, 92 infants born to HBsAg carrier mothers (49 to HBeAg-positive mothers, 30 to anti-HBe-positive with abnormally elevated ALT levels, and 13 to HBeAg/anti-HBe-negative mothers) received 0.5 ml/kg BW of HBIG at birth and at 1 month of age. Three IM injections of hepatitis B vaccine were given at 3, 4, and 9 months of life. All babies who were given the three doses of vaccine developed an active anti-HBs response: of these, 53 (62.3%) had antibody titers higher than 1,000 mIU/ml, 29 (34.2%) had levels between 100 and 1,000 mIU/ml, and the other three (3.5%) were below 100 mIU/ml. At the end of the 2-year follow-up, these three poor responders became anti-HBs negative, whereas the others still had antibody. All but three babies were protected by HBIG plus vaccine treatment. Two chronic HBV infections occurred within 6 months of life presumably because the babies were already infected when prophylaxis started. The third baby became an HBsAg carrier at 9 months of age in spite of a previous response to the vaccine. Simultaneous presence of HBsAg of y specificity and anti-HBs (anti-a) was still detectable at 24 months of age. The vaccine was well tolerated. Passive plus active immunization is an effective procedure for preventing perinatally transmitted HBV infection.