多层螺旋CT与DSA诊断髂静脉受压综合征的比较研究

目的探讨多层螺旋CT静脉造影（MSCTV）及DSA静脉造影在诊断髂静脉受压综合征（IVCS）及继发血栓形成中的临床应用价值。方法收集38例临床可疑IVCS患者的MSCTV及溶栓治疗前后DSA图像数据,测量MSCTV图像中受压髂静脉的前后内径,计算受压程度,并采用列联表卡方检验比较MSCTV及溶栓治疗前后DSA对IVCS的检出率差异。结果 MSCTV发现IVCS 29例,DSA在溶栓治疗前发现IVCS 20例,溶栓治疗后发现IVCS 29例。 MSCTV与溶栓前DSA对IVCS的检出率差异有统计学意义（χ2＝4.65,0.01＜P＜0.05）,MSCTV与溶栓后DSA对IVCS的检出率差异无统计学意义（χ2＝0.00, P＞0.05）。结论在IVCS诊断中,MSCTV的准确性明显优于溶栓治疗前DSA检查,可作为IVCS诊断的首选检查。     

无症状人群左髂总静脉受压MSCT研究

目的:探讨无症状人群左髂总静脉受压的发生率及其临床意义.方法:回顾性分析100例无下肢静脉回流障碍症状患者的腹部MSCT资料,测量双侧髂总静脉及髂动脉的直径.统计学检验采用t检验和相关分析.结果:19% (n=19)的患者左髂总静脉受压大于50%,52% (n=52)的患者左髂总静脉受压大于25%,平均受压程度为31.5% (8.3%～72.6%).绝大多数患者左髂总静脉受压为右髂总动脉及腰椎共同压迫所致.患者年龄、髂动脉直径与左髂总静脉受压无明显相关性.女性患者左髂总静脉受压程度明显大于男性(女39.8±8.2%,男26.6±8.5%,t＝2.30,P＝0.005).结论:在无症状人群中左髂总静脉受压是一种正常的解剖学变异,不应被认为是一种病理状态.     

202例无下肢静脉疾病者左髂总静脉受压的MSCTA研究

目的运用MSCTA分析无下肢静脉疾病症状人群左髂总静脉受压率。方法对202例无下肢静脉疾病者的盆腔增强扫描进行分析,在右髂总动脉跨越左髂总静脉水平,采用多平面重建等方法,显示、测量两侧髂总静脉正交断面上的短径及面积,并分别计算左髂总静脉短径受压率及面积受压率。用t检验分析短径受压率与面积受压率的差异以及性别差异,卡方检验或确切概率法分析受压率大于50%患者中不同性别发病率的差异。结果①在正交断面上,左髂总静脉短径受压率为27.06%±2.23%,面积受压率为9.59%±1.63%,短径受压率明显高于面积受压率(t=8.980,P=0.000);②对左髂总静脉面积受压率进行统计分析,平均受压程度为9.59%,受压率≥50%占3.96%(n=8);在受压率≥50%的8例受试者中,7例为女性,女性发生率高于男性(P=0.03)。将202例研究对象分成小于40岁组(1)、40～60岁组(2)、大于60岁组(3)三个组别,分别进行两两比较,结果显示男女患者均无显著年龄差异(女性:p1～2=0.249,p1～3=0.669,p2～3=0.293;男性:p1～2=0.401,p1～3=0.459,p2～3=0.841)。在三个年龄组别内,分别统计分析性别差异,结果均无明显性别差异(小于40岁组:t=0.492,P=0.627;40～60岁组:t=0.238,P=0.813;大于60岁组:t=1.597,P=0.113);③对左髂总静脉短径受压率进行统计分析,结果显示受压率≥50%占16.34%(n=33),在受压率≥50%的33例受试者中,22例为女性,女性的发生率高于男性(P=0.019)。男女患者均无显著年龄差异(女性:p1～2=0.262,p1～3=0.086,p2～3=0.870;男性:p1～2=0.307,p1～3=0.156,p2～3=0.875)。在三个年龄组别内,均无明显的性别差异(小于40岁组:t=0.941,P=0.356;40～60岁组:t=1.437,P=0.156;大于60岁组:t=1.883,P=0.062)。结论左髂总静脉受压率在正常人群中无明显年龄、性别差异,但在左髂总静脉受压大于50%的无症状者中,女性较男性多。     

左髂总静脉受压继发髂股静脉血栓形成风险预测模型构建和评价北大核心CSCD

目的 构建并评价左髂总静脉(LCIV)受压继发髂股静脉血栓形成的风险预测模型。方法 回顾性分析2012年11月至2019年12月在南方医科大学顺德医院接受血管内介入治疗的血栓性髂静脉受压综合征患者临床资料。根据纳入和排除标准选取治疗组和对照组,两组患者按年龄-性别1∶1进行匹配。根据CT横断面上所测LCIV和右髂总静脉最小短径计算LCIV受压比例。采用Padua量表评分评估静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE)危险因素,多因素logistic回归分析构建左髂股静脉血栓形成风险预测模型,受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)、Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验及k折交叉验证评价模型预测效能。结果 治疗组共纳入93例患者,其中男23例,女70例,年龄(57.1±16.9)岁(22~88岁)。治疗组、对照组LCIV受压比例分别为(77.10±12.88)%、(42.11±21.22)%(P<0.01),LCIV受压与髂股静脉血栓形成呈相关性,并与VTE危险因素间存在协同作用。所构建预测模型:P(髂股静脉血栓形成概率)=exp(logit P)/[1+exp(logit P)],logit P=-9.07+0.61×VTE危险因素评分+0.13×LCIV受压比例。logit P的ROC曲线下面积为0.940(0.908~0.971),Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度为P=0.563,k折交叉验证训练准确度为0.871±0.007,预测准确度为0.844±0.048。结论 基于LCIV受压比例和Padua危险因素评分所建左髂股静脉血栓形成风险模型具有良好的预测效能。     

彩色多普勒超声与CT静脉造影诊断左髂静脉压迫综合征的临床价值

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声(CDUS)与CT静脉造影(CTV)在左髂静脉压迫综合征(IVCS)诊断中的临床价值.方法 以79例左侧静脉曲张患者为研究对象,通过对下肢静脉行数字减影血管造影(DSA),诊断结果分为左IVCS组27例、无IVCS组52例.所有患者均经CDUS或CTV检查,通过比较2组CDUS和CTV检查指标,...     

经颈静脉介入治疗不同类型左髂静脉压迫综合征伴血栓形成

目的 评价经颈静脉介入治疗不同类型左髂静脉压迫综合征(IVCS)伴血栓形成的疗效.方法 120例左IVCS伴血栓形成的患者,全部经颈静脉插管行尿激酶溶栓治疗,52例患者施行腔静脉滤器置入、65例行左髂总静脉成形术.结果 120例包括左髂总静脉闭塞或重度狭窄伴髂股静脉血栓68例,左髂总静脉闭塞或狭窄伴髂股静脉及下腔静脉血栓32例及左髂总静脉轻度狭窄(＜60%)伴髂股静脉血栓或下腔静脉血栓20例.血栓完全溶解98例,部分溶解22例.55例随访2～24个月,血栓复发2例,髂静脉支架闭塞2例.结论 经颈静脉介入治疗不同类型左IVCS伴血栓形成是一种安全、有效的方法.     

急性左下肢深静脉血栓形成伴髂静脉受压综合征一站式介入治疗临床效果和流程分析

目的 探讨一站式经皮机械清除血栓(PMT)和髂静脉成形术治疗急性左下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)伴髂静脉受压综合征(IVCS)安全性、有效性及流程.方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年12月在广东省中医院接受一站式PMT、经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA)和髂静脉支架植入术治疗的41例急性左下肢DVT伴IVCS患者临床资...     

多层螺旋CT血管成像与DSA对照诊断下肢静脉阻塞性病变

目的探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像(multi-slice CT angiography,MSCTA)在下肢静脉阻塞性病变中的应用价值。方法对32例临床疑有下肢静脉阻塞性病变患者行16层螺旋CT血管成像及血管三维重建,并进行DSA检查,结合临床资料分析CTA技术及其在下肢静脉阻塞性病变中的应用价值。结果32例疑诊下肢静脉阻塞性病变患者,MSCTA诊断髂静脉受压综合征19例,其中左侧髂总静脉受压16例,右侧髂总静脉或其分支受压3例。下肢深静脉血栓形成9例,其中左下肢2例,右下肢5例,双下肢2例。左侧腹股沟区囊肿压迫左侧髂外静脉1例。单纯左下肢浅静脉曲张1例。以上30例CT诊断结果均与DSA结果相符合。MSCTA诊断右侧股腘静脉扩张1例,未见异常1例,该2例DSA均提示下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全。结论MSCTA对下肢静脉阻塞性病变的诊断有较高的临床应用价值。     

胡桃夹综合征的彩色多普勒血流成像与数字减影血管造影对比研究

目的通过对比数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查结果,探讨彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI)对胡桃夹综合征(nutcracker syndrome,NCS)诊断的临床应用价值。方法对18例NCS患者的CDFI及DSA图像进行回顾性研究。观察左肾静脉(LRV)的形态走行,应用彩色多普勒超声检测肠系膜上动脉(SMA)与腹主动脉(AA)夹角(β)并测量不同体位下左肾静脉受压狭窄部位内径(b)及受压扩张部位内径(a),脉冲多普勒测量受压部位血流速度(Vb)及扩张部位血流速度(Va),计算a/b,Vb/Va,△P(△P=4V2)并与DSA结果进行比较。结果 CDFI显示17例NCS的LRV狭窄程度与DSA结果完全一致,1例部分一致,与DSA的符合率94%(17/18)。结论 CDFI对NCS具有极高的诊断价值,为诊断该病提供无创性首选检查方法。     

MSCTA在下肢静脉阻塞性病变中的应用价值与DSA对照

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)在下肢静脉阻塞性病变中的临床应用价值.资料与方法 对42例临床疑有下肢静脉阻塞性病变的患者行16层螺旋CT血管成像检查,分析阻塞原因,并与DSA检查结果对比.结果 42例患者中,下肢深静脉血栓形成26例,其中12例合并髂静脉受压综合征,1例合并下腔静脉狭窄分隔畸形,1例合并盆腔肿块压迫右侧髂总静脉,1例合并左侧胭窝囊肿.24例出现髂静脉受压综合征,其中左侧髂总静脉受压20例,右侧髂总静脉或其分支受压3例,髂外动脉压迫髂外静脉1例;有12例合并下肢深静脉血栓形成.有3例深静脉受到肿块或囊肿的压迫.1例MSCTA未见异常而DSA提示下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全.以DSA为诊断标准,诊断符合率为97.62%.结论 MSCTA对下肢静脉阻塞性病变的诊断有较高的临床应用价值.     

Compression of the left common iliac vein in asymptomatic subjects and patients with left iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis

PURPOSE: To retrospectively evaluate compression of the left common iliac vein as demonstrated at computed tomography (CT) in patients with iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis due to iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS) and compare compression ratios with those of asymptomatic subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between March 2003 and June 2007, compression of the left common iliac vein by the right common iliac artery, as demonstrated with CT, in 34 patients (25 women and nine men; mean age, 51 years; age range, 21-79 years) with IVCS was retrospectively evaluated. Compression ratios were compared with those of 34 age- and sex-matched asymptomatic subjects. A t test was used to compare the compression ratios. RESULTS: The percentages of compression of the left common iliac vein were 45%-100% (mean, 74% +/- 17) for patients with IVCS and 0%-68% (mean, 28% +/- 20) for control subjects (P < .05). Of the 34 patients with IVCS, 11 (32%) had less than 70% compression and 23 (68%) had at least 70% compression. CONCLUSIONS: There was considerable overlap between the degree of compression in patients with IVCS and control subjects. Compression of the left common iliac vein was significantly more prominent in patients with lower extremity deep vein thrombosis due to IVCS when compared with control subjects. Compression in excess of 70% as demonstrated at CT can be helpful for identifying possible underlying IVCS in patients with a left lower extremity deep vein thrombosis.     

Computed tomography findings in 10 cases of iliac vein compression (May-Thurner) syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To present the computed tomography (CT) findings for the iliac veins of 10 patients who had left-sided lower extremity deep vein thrombosis due to iliac vein compression syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CT findings for 10 cases of left-sided acute or chronic deep vein thrombosis caused by iliac vein compression syndrome were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were five women and five men (mean age+/-S.D., 49.9+/-15.6 years). In each patient with iliac vein compression syndrome, the diagnosis of the compression was established by venography performed during endovascular treatment. Diameter of the left common iliac vein was also measured in 14 control subjects without any lower extremity venous disease for comparison. RESULTS: In all 10 cases, CT images in the transverse plane demonstrated the left common iliac vein being compressed by the overlying right common iliac artery. The mean diameter at the origin of the left common iliac vein (3.5 mm) in patients group was much smaller than the mean diameter of the same vein (11.5 mm) in the control group (p<0.01). The mean percent stenosis of the left common iliac vein due to compression by the artery was 68%. CONCLUSION: Pelvic CT images in the transverse plane are useful for detecting iliac vein compression by the overlying right common iliac artery in patients with left-sided deep vein thrombosis. Radiologists should be aware of this imaging finding of iliac vein compression by the artery where the inferior vena cava bifurcates into the common iliac veins.     

64层螺旋CT左心房和肺静脉成像在心房颤动射频消融术中的价值及应用

目的 应用64层螺旋CT(MSCT)对左心房和肺静脉进行形态学分析,用以指导心房颤动(简称房颤)环肺静脉线性消融术,并评估预后.方法 对232例患者(房颤组146例,对照组86例)行64层MSCT左心房和肺静脉成像,比较房颤组及对照组肺静脉解剖学变异的发生率,测量各支肺静脉开口的径线及形态,观察左心房的大小及左心房耳部的形态.结果 64层MSCT左心房和肺静脉成像可以提供详细的左心房与肺静脉连接方式及肺静脉解剖学变异,肺静脉解剖变异占总样本数的16.8%(39/232).各组肺静脉开口均呈上下径大于前后径的椭圆形.房颤组及对照组中左心房的内径差异存在统计学意义[房颤组:(39.47±8.98)mm;对照组:(36.94±5.49)mm;P=0.02],而2组患者肺静脉开口的径线差异无统计学意义[房颤组肺静脉上下径:左上(18.15±1.35)mm,左下(16.96±1.18)mm,右上(17.50±1.12)mm,右下(17.65±0.94)mm;对照组肺静脉上下径:左上(18.07±0.94)mm,左下(17.50±0.57)mm,右上(18.03±1.02)mm,右下(17.94±0.76)mm,P值均＞0.05;房颤组肺静脉前后径:左上(12.26±1.89)mm,左下(11.96±0.61)mm,右上(12.32±1.08)mm,右下(12.39±0.95)mm;对照组肺静脉前后径:左上(12.74±1.03)mm,左下(12.23 ±0.75)mm,右上(12.64±0.87)mm,右下(12.72±0.67)mm,P值均＞0.05].结论 64层MSCT左心房和肺静脉成像不仅可以了解环肺静脉线性消融术前肺静脉及左心房解剖变异的情况,而且可以进一步评价心房功能和风险,对介入治疗具有重要的指导意义.     

Iliac vein compression syndrome: outcome of endovascular treatment with long-term follow-up

Objective

To retrospectively evaluate technical success and long-term outcome of endovascular treatment in patients with iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (DVT) due to iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS).

Materials and methods

Between March 2003 and September 2006, 36 consecutive patients (26 women [72%], 10 men, mean age 50 ± 18 years) with acute or chronic iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis due to iliac vein compression syndrome were evaluated for outcome of endovascular treatment. Stent patency was estimated by using the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results

Technical success was achieved in 34 of 36 patients (94%). Six patients with acute or subacute thrombosis had chronic occlusion of the left common iliac vein. Rethrombosis of the stents was observed in four patients. Primary and secondary patency rates were 85 and 94% at 1 year, and 80 and 82% at 4 years. Resolution of symptoms was achieved in 17 of 20 patients (85%) with acute and subacute DVT, and 4 of 16 patients (25%) with chronic DVT. Major complication was seen in one patient (3%).

Conclusion

Intimal changes in the left common iliac vein are mostly chronic in nature even in patients with acute DVT secondary to IVCS. Endovascular treatment with stent placement has a high technical success rate and good long-term patency in the treatment of acute and chronic DVT due to IVCS. Symptomatic improvement seems to be better in patients with acute than chronic DVT due to IVCS.     

Endovascular management of iliac vein compression (May-Thurner) syndrome

PURPOSE: To evaluate the feasibility of endovascular techniques in treating venous outflow obstruction resulting from compression of the iliac vein by the iliac artery of the left lower extremity (May-Thurner syndrome). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 39 patients (29 women, 10 men; median age, 46 years) with iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS) was performed. Nineteen patients presented with acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and 20 patients presented with chronic symptoms. All patients presented with leg edema or pain. In the acute group, patients were treated with catheter-directed thrombolysis (120,000-180,000 IU urokinase/h) and angioplasty followed by stent placement. In the chronic group, patients were treated with use of angioplasty and stent placement alone (n = 8), or in combination with thrombolysis (n = 12). Patients were then followed-up with duplex ultrasound and a quality-of-life assessment. RESULTS: Initial technical success was achieved in 34 of 39 patients (87%). The overall patency rate at 1 year was 79%. Symptomatically, 85% of patients were completely or partially improved compared with findings before treatment. Thirty-five of 39 patients received stents. The 1-year patency rate for patients with acute symptoms who received stents was 91.6%; for patients with chronic symptoms who received stents, the 1-year patency rate was 93.9%. Five technical failures occurred. Major complications included acute iliac vein rethrombosis (< 24 hours) requiring reintervention (n = 2). Minor complications included perisheath hematomas (n = 4) and minor bleeding (n = 1). There were no deaths, pulmonary embolus, cerebral hemorrhage, or major bleeding complications. CONCLUSION: Endovascular reconstruction of occluded iliac veins secondary to IVCS (May-Thurner) appears to be safe and effective.     

Retroperitoneal hematoma caused by a ruptured pelvic varix in a patient with iliac vein compression syndrome

May-Thurner syndrome, or iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS), is a rare but well-described entity. It refers to the formation of venous thrombus caused by compression of the left iliac vein, most commonly between the right iliac artery and lumbar vertebrae. Several variants of IVCS have been described, including unusual presenting symptoms, etiologies, and complications. The authors describe an unusual case of IVCS in which the patient presented with a left-sided retroperitoneal hematoma arising from a ruptured collateral venous varix shortly after the development of symptomatic left lower-extremity deep vein thrombosis.     

一站式杂交手术治疗髂静脉压迫综合征合并下肢静脉曲张的疗效分析

目的：探讨一站式杂交手术治疗髂静脉压迫综合征（IVCS）合并下肢静脉曲张的临床效果及安全性。 方法：选取2013年8月至2017年7月我院收治的IVCS合并下肢静脉曲张患者91例，按照治疗方式不同分为两组：49例同期行髂静脉狭窄及曲张静脉手术（一站式杂交手术组），42例先行髂静脉成形术，二期行曲张静脉手术（分期手术组）。比较两组的临床疗效（髂静脉一期通畅率、溃疡愈合率及肿胀缓解率）、经济负担（住院天数、总费用）及安全性（并发症）。 结果：两组患者的12个月髂静脉一期通畅率（100% vs. 100%）、溃疡愈合率（100% vs. 100%）及肿胀缓解率（87.50% vs. 88.89%）差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）；一站式杂交手术组患者的住院总费用[（3.77±0.32）万元vs.（4.37±0.20）万元]和住院天数[（13.50±2.30）d vs.（16.61±3.28）d]均低于分期手术组，差异有统计学意义（t=-9.52、-4.62，P均<0.01）；两组的并发症主要为腹股沟区出血及皮下大面积淤血，并发症发生率差异无统计学意义[6.12%（3/49）vs. 4.76%（2/42），P>0.05）]，予以相应处理后均好转；两组均无下肢深静脉血栓形成、肺栓塞及支架内血栓形成发生。 结论：IVCS合并下肢静脉曲张行一站式杂交手术治疗，近期疗效好，具有微创、住院时间短、总费用低等优点，值得临床推广开展。     

Ultrasonographic diagnosis of iliac vein compression (May-Thurner) syndrome

Iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS), also known as May-Thurner syndrome, is the result of compression of the left common iliac vein between the right common iliac artery and overlying vertebrae. The most common clinical presentation is left lower extremity deep vein thrombosis. Rarely, a patient with IVCS can present with obstruction of venous outflow, without deep vein thrombosis. Iliac vein compression, with or without thrombosis, should be treated if symptomatic. We present a patient with IVCS that was initially diagnosed with transabdominal ultrasonography (US), and then confirmed with computed tomography and venography with pressure measurements. We believe this is the first report of an IVCS patient diagnosed with US.     

磁共振血管成像在髂静脉受压综合征中的诊断价值

目的探讨磁共振血管成像(MRA)在髂静脉受压中的应用价值。方法对39例临床怀疑髂股静脉病变的患者进行2D-TOFMRA检查。结果MRA发现髂静脉受压24例,其中左侧髂总静脉受压17例,左侧髂总静脉和右侧髂外静脉同时受压4例,单纯右侧髂外静脉受压3例。结论2D-TOFMRA作为一种无创性检查,是诊断髂静脉受压的有效方法,有一定的临床价值。