海淀区销售一次性使用卫生用品状况调查分析

对海淀区 4 2家商场、超市经营的一次性使用卫生用品进行抽查 ,发现所售一次性使用卫生用品中 ,有效卫生许可证、包装标识合格率以卫生巾类、纸 (尿 )裤类最高 ,而以餐饮具类最低。建议规范发证渠道 ,加强卫生监督力度 ,各经营单位要加强自身管理 ,建立产品的卫生许可证索证制度     

2007年山东省45家食品终端销售单位卫生状况调查

[目的]了解山东省食品终端销售单位的卫生状况,总结和发现食品销售存在的问题和隐患。[方法]2007年,在山东省随机抽取济南市、聊城市、莱芜市的45家食品销售经营单位进行卫生监督调查。[结果]调查45家,卫生许可证持有率为95.56%;45家中散装食品销售区域设置合格的占93.33%;直接入口食品销售管理方面,43家食品销售人员佩带规范,41家放置禁止消费者触摸标志,40家完整标识食品相关信息;2家巴氏杀菌乳和1家活性乳酸菌饮料存放有问题;食品采购人员卫生知识合格率为86.67%。[结论]食品终端销售单位的卫生状况亟待加强。     

通辽市科尔沁区食用油质量调查及化学指标检测分析

[目的]了解科尔沁区餐饮及粮油销售单位食用油的卫生现状,保护消费者的身体健康.[方法]对科尔沁区的28家粮油商店、38家饭店、5家建筑工地食堂进行现场调查,并采集食用油样品71件进行酸价、过氧化值测定.[结果]科尔沁区食用散装油问题较大,无任何标识,43家餐饮单位均不能提供所购食用油的检验合格证或化验单,28家粮油商店只有2家能提供检验合格证.定型包装色拉油50份标本,只有10%标识完整,酸价38份超标,不合格率达76%.总合格率为83.1%.[结论]科尔沁区餐饮业食用油的卫生质量不容乐观,应加强食品卫生法律、法规宣传,加大对餐饮业食用油的监督、监测力度,使消费者买到或食用合格的食用油.     

2005年青岛市市区部分餐饮单位凉菜间卫生状况调查

[目的]了解青岛市餐饮业凉菜间的卫生状况。[方法]依据《餐饮业及集体用餐配送单位卫生规范》要求对30家餐饮单位凉菜间进行现场卫生学调查,随机抽取15家单位凉菜间检测大肠菌群。[结果]30家餐饮单位凉菜间入口处设有二次更衣洗手消毒设施的有6家,均为大型餐饮单位。紫外线辐照强度合格率为16.67%,室内温度合格率为63.33%。凉菜间工具、容器、抹布、从业人员手检测大肠菌群合格率以大型餐饮单位最高为94.44%、中型次之为67.62%、小型餐饮单位合格率最低为33.33%。[结论]青岛市市区部分中小餐饮单位凉菜间存在卫生问题较多,大型餐饮单位好于中小型餐饮单位。     

2004年平阴县餐饮单位卫生许可审查量化评分情况分析

[目的]进一步做好餐饮业的量化分级管理工作，找出卫生监督工作中的重点。[方法]2004年按照山东省《餐饮业卫生许可审查量化评分表》、《食品卫生监督量化分级管理指南》，对平阴县462家餐饮单位卫生许可审查量化评分情况进行分析。[结果]462家餐饮单位，评为一般的占85．90％，差的占14．10％。[结论]餐饮单位的整体卫生水平不高，应加大监管力度。     

浙江省染发剂卫生现状调查及管理对策

对 2 2家生产企业库存和 2 0家美发店使用的 5 8个染发剂的卫生质量和标签、标识、说明书进行抽检 ,发现 12个产品的对苯二胺检测指标不符合《化妆品卫生规范》规定 ,32个产品的标签、标识、说明书不符合《消费品使用说明化妆品通用标签》 ,建议加强卫生监督管理。     

河北省公共场所客用化妆品卫生现状调查

为了解河北省公共场所客用化妆品使用的卫生现状 ,加强化妆品的卫生监督工作 ,保护广大消费者的健康 ,于 2 0 0 2年 3～ 7月在河北省内开展了公共场所客用化妆品使用卫生状况调查 ,对客用化妆品的标签标识、说明书、索证情况进行了登记检查。1　方法根据《化妆品卫生监督条例》及《化妆品卫生规范》(1 999年版 )的要求 ,采用随机抽样的方法 ,在全省 5 1 4家普通旅馆、6 5 2家美容美发院 ,共抽样 1 5 0 2件 (包括进口化妆品和特殊用途化妆品 ) ,对化妆品是否具有有效卫生许可批件和卫生许可证、标签标识是否符合规定、进口化妆品中有无中文说…     

2007年海阳市部分餐饮单位卫生状况调查

[目的]了解海阳市餐饮业卫生状况,为今后加强卫生监督和管理提供依据。[方法]随机抽取市区和乡镇156个餐饮单位进行了卫生专项检查。检查卫生许可证、健康证、卫生制度、基础卫生设施、内外环境卫生、食（饮）具消毒等情况。[结果]156个餐饮单位卫生许可证持有率94.9% 健康证持有率77.7% 食（饮）具消毒合格率70.5% 量化评分良好率76.2%。[结论]乡镇餐饮业卫生状况较差,是今后监督的重点,应加大监督的力度和频率。     

徐州市市售散装食品卫生现状调查

[目的]为了解我市散装食品的卫生状况，更好地贯彻《散装食品卫生管理规范》。[方法]制定调查表格，对销售散装食品单位的卫生许可证，食品从野人员健康证明，散装食品卫生防护措施，散装食品的索证情况，散装食品的标识、标签，散装食品现场加工卫生情况，从业人员卫生情况。[结果]调查38家自选超市，食品卫生许可证持证率100％，散装食品销售人员健康证明持有率为98．86％，从业人员卫生情况口罩佩戴率为95％；20家沿街散装食品销售摊点卫生许可证持证率为85％，散装食品销售人员健康证明持有率为94％，从业人员卫生情况口罩佩戴率为5％。[结论]应加大、加强，食品卫生法》、《散装食品卫生管理办法》食品卫生知识的宣传力度及监管措施．使食品生产经营者在视频生产经营活动中执法、懂法、守法。     

武汉市江汉区食品卫生监督公示结果分析

[目的]了解江汉区食品卫生监督公示基本情况及我区餐饮业存在的主要卫生问题,探讨公示试点工作中存在的问题. [方法]收集江汉区内餐饮业2007年8月28日～2008年3月30日卫生监督公示的综合评价结果,按不同性质、不同经营规模餐饮、被标示不合格的检查内容频次进行分析. [结果]武汉市江汉区卫生监督所2007年8月28日～2008年3月30日对辖区内首批卫生监督公示了643家,其中133家餐饮单位获得"笑脸",占总户数的20.68%;371家餐饮单位获得"平脸",占总用户的57.70%;139家餐饮单位被挂上"苦脸",占总户数的21.62%.其中被标示不合格的检查内容频次由多至少依次为:餐饮具经过清洗消毒216次;主要原料采购索证情况:190次;食品加工过程卫生防护,185次;加工场所环境卫生129次;卫生管理制度79次;从业人员健康证明77次;其他51次;卫生管理人员:16次;食品卫生质量及保质期7次;卫生许可证0次. [结论]集体食堂的卫生状况好于饮食服务单位,集体食堂中幼儿园的卫生状况最好;大中型餐饮业卫生状况良好,小餐饮店卫生状况较差.     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

Changes in immune function in asthma in the elderly

Asthma is an inflammatory disorder of the airway. The airway inflammation of asthma is typically an allergic inflammation characterized by cells and mediators described as a "Th2" inflammatory response. There is a growing body of evidence describing changes in the function of immune cells upon aging, a phenomenon referred to as "immunosenescence". Several studies utilizing animal models and human subjects with asthma have begun to explore age-related effects on the airway inflammation in asthma. This review explores the existing data on the presence and effects of immunosenescence or age-related changes in immune function in asthma.     

Changes in Fatty Acid Composition in Beef in Italy

Results from a study conducted in Italy concerning the updating of composition data of beef consumed in Italy are reported here. The study required a very wide sampling plan with regard to both animals and cuts to analyse. Data related to lipid composition of the most widely used type of beef consumed in Italy (young bull, 16–22 months old) show a reduction in total lipid content (which, according to the cuts, ranges between 1.8 and 10.2%) and a substantial change in fatty acid composition, with a high % of polyunsaturated fatty acids (mean 20% of total fatty acids). Such data have been confirmed by other studies conducted in Italy, and are in contrast with data reported in the tables of food composition from other countries, reporting a fatty acid composition characterized by a high fatty acid saturation degree. The occurrence of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is probably due to the high ratio of phospholipids: triglycerides, occurring when the content in intramuscular lipid is very low; to the young age of animals; to the reduced activity of the rumen, where saturation of fatty acids occurs. It may be concluded that a fatty acid composition, which is particularly rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, seems typical for Italian products.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.